windows 环境下 eclipse + maven + tomcat 的 hello world 创建和部署

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2022-05-26 09:58 131阅读 0赞

主要记录自己一个新手用 eclipse + maven + tomcat 搭建 hello world 的过程，以及遇到的问题。讲真都是自己通过百度和谷歌一步步搭建的项目，没问过高手，也没高手可问，由于之前只接触过 .net 和 android 的开发，要知道.net 的开发环境 vs 和 android 的 studio 都是开箱即用，没搭建过 java 的开发环境，遇到几个好致命的问题，花了两天时间不断的google、baidu、尝试才处理掉，差点放弃了。难以想象，如果没有互联网，得交多少学费才能学会搭建一个项目框架。

以下图的项目名 “hellowork” 单词拼错了，应该是 helloworld ， 但不影响演示，就不做修改，重新截图麻烦呀，理解理解。

### 配置开发环境 ###

1) 下载 [JDK][] 安装；  
2) 下载 [Tomcat][] 安装；  
3) 打开环境变量配置界面  
![488490-20170505180428164-1906567188.png][]

4) 添加以下环境变量：

JAVA\_HOME:

C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131

CLASSPATH:

.;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\dt.jar;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 8.5\lib\servlet-api.jar;

在 PATH 后面添加

;%JAVA_HOME%\bin;

注意 C:\\Program Files\\Java 是你的 JDK 安装所在路径， C:\\Program Files\\Apache Software Foundation\\Tomcat 8.5 是 Tomcat 安装所在的路径，还有标点符号也要；

5) 安装[Eclipse][] 安装， 下载 j2ee 版本 ；

### 创建 Hello World 项目 ###

1) 在 eclipse 打开菜单 File -> New -> Maven Project, 将会出现以下界面

![488490-20170506093021273-1976589285.png][]

直接点 Next

![488490-20170506093241039-744452771.png][]

选择 "maven-archetypes-webapp", 然后 Next  
![488490-20170506093828648-751398812.png][]

输入 group id, artifact id, 然后 Finish

![488490-20170506093959898-773746596.png][]

项目创建完毕，但很多情况下，还有其他问题，导致项目还不能编译通过，下面是我遇到过的问题及解决方案；

### 项目 Error 及解决方案 ###

错误一: The superclass "javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet" was not found on the Java Build Path index.jsp, 如下图

![488490-20170506094654632-80763629.png][]

解决方案：

1) 添加运行环境： eclipse -> Window -> Preferences, 如下图添加自己安装的 tomcat 版本  
![488490-20170506115022195-676678832.png][]

2) 点击 Next， 如下图，指定 Tomcat 所在的路径  
![488490-20170506115407398-1500991164.png][]

3) 指定 JRE, 在下拉中选择安装的 jre 版本

![488490-20170506141103289-1887610168.png][]

4) 如果下拉中没有 jdk 文件夹下的 jre，则点击“Installed JREs...”， 添加已安装的 JRE

![488490-20170506141320476-988242646.png][]

选择 Standard VM， 点 Next,指点 JRE 所在的路径，然后 Finish  
![488490-20170506141836773-1753924062.png][]

5) 添加成功后  
![488490-20170506142128711-2067922818.png][]

6) 然后再右击项目 -> Properties， 进行以下操作  
![488490-20170506100744507-1664696735.png][]

选择 Apache Tomcat v8.5, （v8.5自己安装的 tomcat 版本）  
![488490-20170506102019414-841600795.png][]

然后再到 Order and Export 栏位勾选刚添加的库： Apache Tomcat v8.5\[Apache Tomcat v8.5\]

![488490-20170506102507976-70632331.png][]

确定后，错误提示消失了

![488490-20170506102602914-1566750529.png][]

### 运行项目 ###

1) 运行前，先添加服务器  
![488490-20170506102925242-2083659272.png][]  
点击上图的“No servers are available. Click this link to create a new server”,

![488490-20170506103204179-1783168385.png][]

选择自己安装的 tomcat 版本，我的是Tomcat v8.5 Server， 然后点击 Finish, 可看到在左边的工程里多出了一个 Servers 项目，同样在底部的 Servers 看到刚才添加的服务器

![488490-20170506103757242-612075843.png][]

2) 右击项目“hellowork”, 选择 Run as -> Run On Server, 弹出以下界面，点击 Finish  
![488490-20170506103956851-352072188.png][]

正常在浏览器看到 Hello World。 到这里我发现自己打错了 hello world, 项目名写成了 hellowork \[尴尬\]

![488490-20170506110328539-220729958.png][]

3) 有可能出现端口被占用的错误"Several ports (8005, 8080, 8009) required by Tomcat v8.5 Server at localhost are already in use. The server may already be running in another process, or a system process may be using the port. To start this server you will need to stop the other process or change the port number(s)."， 不能同时运行两个 tomcat, 先把运行中的 tomcat 停掉

![488490-20170506111509914-1355250923.png][]

4) 如果问题还在，进入 cmd 输入 netstat -ao 查看系统端口被占用的信息

![488490-20170506105409273-1034251454.png][]  
上图看到 8005 端口被 13116 这进程占用了， 打开“任务管理器”找到该进程

![488490-20170506105314632-1171256079.png][]  
原来是 javaw 占用了，把它结束掉，再运行就可以了。

### 编译项目 ###

1) 右击 helloworld 项目，选择 Run As -> Maven Build, 会弹出以下界面

![488490-20170506154725445-102198659.png][]

在 Goals 中输入 clean package , 然后点击 Run, 首次运行可能有些库要下载，如果网速慢，会等上 20 分钟;

如果报以下错误：

[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) on project hellowork: Execution default-test of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test failed: Unable to load the mojo 'test' in the plugin 'org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4'. A required class is missing: org/apache/maven/plugin/surefire/SurefireReportParameters
    [ERROR] -----------------------------------------------------
    [ERROR] realm =    plugin>org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4
    [ERROR] strategy = org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.strategy.SelfFirstStrategy
    [ERROR] urls[0] = file:/C:/Users/Grissom/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-surefire-plugin/2.12.4/maven-surefire-plugin-2.12.4.jar
    [ERROR] urls[1] = file:/C:/Users/Grissom/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-booter/2.12.4/surefire-booter-2.12.4.jar
    [ERROR] urls[2] = file:/C:/Users/Grissom/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-api/2.12.4/surefire-api-2.12.4.jar
    [ERROR] urls[3] = file:/C:/Users/Grissom/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/surefire/maven-surefire-common/2.12.4/maven-surefire-common-2.12.4.jar
    [ERROR] urls[4] = file:/C:/Users/Grissom/.m2/repository/org/apache/commons/commons-lang3/3.1/commons-lang3-3.1.jar
    [ERROR] urls[5] = file:/C:/Users/Grissom/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-common-artifact-filters/1.3/maven-common-artifact-filters-1.3.jar
    [ERROR] urls[6] = file:/C:/Users/Grissom/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.8/plexus-utils-3.0.8.jar
    [ERROR] urls[7] = file:/C:/Users/Grissom/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/reporting/maven-reporting-api/2.0.9/maven-reporting-api-2.0.9.jar
    [ERROR] urls[8] = file:/C:/Users/Grissom/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-annotations/3.1/maven-plugin-annotations-3.1.jar
    [ERROR] Number of foreign imports: 1
    [ERROR] import: Entry[import  from realm ClassRealm[maven.api, parent: null]]
    [ERROR] 
    [ERROR] -----------------------------------------------------: org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.SurefireReportParameters
    [ERROR] -> [Help 1]
    [ERROR] 
    [ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
    [ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
    [ERROR] 
    [ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
    [ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/PluginContainerException

解决方案： 在 pom.xml 中的 build 改为：

<build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.4.2</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <skipTests>true</skipTests>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>

即跳过测试。

编译成功后，Console 显示的信息  
![488490-20170506154018289-1341503176.png][]

### 部署到 Tomcat ###

编译好的 war 文件默认放在项目的 target 文件夹下（上图中的 \[INFO\] Building war: C:\\Users\\Grissom\\Documents\\workspace\\hellowork\\target\\hellowork-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war）,把它考到 Tomcat 的 \\webapps 目录下，并改名成 hellowork.war ， 重启 Tomcat,在浏览器访问 [http://localhost:8080/hellowork/][http_localhost_8080_hellowork]

![488490-20170506154531664-1759780040.png][]

[JDK]: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
[Tomcat]: http://tomcat.apache.org/
[488490-20170505180428164-1906567188.png]: /images/20220526/e73ea2069a1b438f81a65e7a334ba5c3.png
[Eclipse]: https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/?
[488490-20170506093021273-1976589285.png]: /images/20220526/61dd383df9264874a22c744555b92e38.png
[488490-20170506093241039-744452771.png]: /images/20220526/29f5fcb1dc3545de82d6bf4669331b80.png
[488490-20170506093828648-751398812.png]: /images/20220526/d06e4604483d4594a2ac2c5398f63db1.png
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[488490-20170506094654632-80763629.png]: /images/20220526/28f62319e510471682fe1ba13dd14ccb.png
[488490-20170506115022195-676678832.png]: /images/20220526/17f78d9699554572a02f3fc76fa6c8aa.png
[488490-20170506115407398-1500991164.png]: /images/20220526/fe7980c26d02499491b4fbe27bdaa725.png
[488490-20170506141103289-1887610168.png]: /images/20220526/5631734f7bb74a808149054d6e12c1eb.png
[488490-20170506141320476-988242646.png]: /images/20220526/955d44eda99d49bd8991ef565f0da701.png
[488490-20170506141836773-1753924062.png]: /images/20220526/652b4dff5c2a45abab8e04074bc80ab1.png
[488490-20170506142128711-2067922818.png]: /images/20220526/18c8bd1fcc0b4be3b80bbe4d1863249b.png
[488490-20170506100744507-1664696735.png]: /images/20220526/8ee07303107b4d2fad1457ad0a53e371.png
[488490-20170506102019414-841600795.png]: /images/20220526/646dc30349354e3ca839d301d0fab23e.png
[488490-20170506102507976-70632331.png]: /images/20220526/9308626e0ce5419984653256509aa0fa.png
[488490-20170506102602914-1566750529.png]: /images/20220526/d03663c465a249e2be427900f505477f.png
[488490-20170506102925242-2083659272.png]: /images/20220526/5e93180baf0943c787e6c9fba9566b9a.png
[488490-20170506103204179-1783168385.png]: /images/20220526/fa22d3dc5df2461daf079fce79ee77ea.png
[488490-20170506103757242-612075843.png]: /images/20220526/bd092fb4635d4b078192c1be1cba83eb.png
[488490-20170506103956851-352072188.png]: /images/20220526/176b47ab7ce94ef9be1c1c5ad8f20b86.png
[488490-20170506110328539-220729958.png]: /images/20220526/ddb82d24c9424c77a2fc7130e96edd27.png
[488490-20170506111509914-1355250923.png]: /images/20220526/f556bd03ebd8454cbe99db58b6d37f88.png
[488490-20170506105409273-1034251454.png]: /images/20220526/ac63456c4b0846b88d29e3e9e143c0e0.png
[488490-20170506105314632-1171256079.png]: /images/20220526/21a6eca7d67f41db96258b36f1b31411.png
[488490-20170506154725445-102198659.png]: /images/20220526/88bbd5f28da6474da1375d822059ece4.png
[488490-20170506154018289-1341503176.png]: /images/20220526/9f69b0bacbc7462d8f91590f713c0269.png
[http_localhost_8080_hellowork]: http://localhost:8080/hellowork/
[488490-20170506154531664-1759780040.png]: /images/20220526/07b7e0ab50e94e7699d5ee463821feef.png