CentOS7通过YUM安装Nginx 或 Docker 安装 Nginx

矫情吗；* 2023-10-02 09:42 1阅读 0赞

## CentOS7通过YUM安装Nginx ##

**1.将nginx放到yum repro库中**

rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

**2.查看nginx信息**

yum info nginx

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**3.使用yum安装ngnix**

yum -y install nginx

**4.启动服务**

systemctl start nginx

重启：systemctl restart nginx
    停止：systemctl stop nginx
    查看状态：systemctl status nginx

**5.设置开机启动**

systemctl enable nginx

**详细配置代理**  
nginx 安装位置：/etc/nginx  
可在 /etc/nginx/conf.d 里面配置各种反向代理的配置文件  
**重点：配置好文件后必须刷新nginx配置，再重启nginx**  
由于安装会默认把nginx配置到系统环境，可在任何目录直接使用nginx -t 进行刷新

刷新：nginx -t  
    重启：nginx -s reload

在重启nginx时有可能会遇到一下问题，那就是我们的nginx还未启动，这是需要我们先运行启动服务命令 **第4步**

[root@yixyz web]# nginx -s reload
    nginx: [error] invalid PID number "" in "/run/nginx.pid"

**卸载nginx**

# 停止nginx
    systemctl stop nginx
    # 查找nginx
    find / -name mysql
    # 删除Nginx的自动启动
    chkconfig nginx off
    # 删除nginx文件
    rm -rf /usr/sbin/nginx
    rm -rf /etc/nginx
    rm -rf /etc/init.d/nginx
    # 清除yum源
    yum remove nginx

## Docker 安装 Nginx ##

# 查看镜像
    docker search nginx
    # 拉取镜像
    docker pull nginx
    # 创建挂载目录
    mkdir -p /data/nginx/{
        conf,conf.d,cert.d,html,logs}

> 目录详解：  
> conf：放nginx.conf 主要配置文件  
> conf.d：放一些其他的子配置文件  
> html：放静态页面  
> logs：nginx的日志文件

**在conf目录下创建nginx.conf**

cd /data/nginx/conf
    vim nginx.conf

**将下列配置放到 nginx.conf 中**

# For more information on configuration, see:
    #   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
    #   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
    
    user nginx;
    worker_processes auto;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    pid /run/nginx.pid;
    
    # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
    include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
    
    events {
        
        worker_connections 1024;
    }
    
    http {
        
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile            on;
        tcp_nopush          on;
        tcp_nodelay         on;
        keepalive_timeout   65;
        types_hash_max_size 4096;
    
        include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type        application/octet-stream;
    
        # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
        # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
        # for more information.
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    
        server {
        
            listen       80;
            listen       [::]:80;
            server_name  _;
            root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
    
            # Load configuration files for the default server block.
            include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    		location / {
        
    		# 统一以POST方式转发请求到服务端
    		# proxy-method=POST;
    		# 转发请求头里的信息
            # proxy_set_header Host $host;
            # 转发真实的IP
            # proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 
            # 转发请求的IP信息列表
            # proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
            # proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
            # proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;
        	if (!-e $request_filename){
        
                rewrite ^(.*)$ /usr/share/nginx/html/ last; break;
            }
        }
            error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /404.html {
        
            }
    
            error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        
            }
        }
    
    # Settings for a TLS enabled server.
    #
    #    server {
        
    #        listen       443 ssl http2;
    #        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2;
    #        server_name  _;
    #        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
    #
    #        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
    #        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
    #        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
    #        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
    #        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    #
    #        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
    #        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    #
    #        error_page 404 /404.html;
    #            location = /40x.html {
        
    #        }
    #
    #        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    #            location = /50x.html {
        
    #        }
    #    }
    
    }

> **server 块:**  
> server address \[params\]  
> params参数说明:  
> 1.down表示单前的server暂时不参与负载  
> 2.weight为weight越大，负载的权重就越大。  
> 3.max\_fails：允许请求失败的次数默认为1.当超过最大次数时，返回proxy\_next\_upstream模块定义的错误  
> 4.fail\_timeout:max\_fails次失败后，暂停的时间。  
> 5.backup： 其它所有的非backup机器down或者忙的时候，请求backup机器。所以这台机器压力会最轻。

**创建容器**

docker run -d --restart=always --name nginx  -p 80:80 -p 443:443  -v /data/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d -v /data/nginx/cert.d:/etc/nginx/cert.d -v /data/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx  nginx

> 参数说明：  
> –name：容器名  
> \-p：映射宿主主机端口  
> \-v：挂载宿主目录/容器目录  
> \-d：后台运行容器  
> –restart=always： docker启动容器自动启动

容器创建成功后通过 IP:8080 就能访问了。  
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