【Linux】最新CentOS8内核升级

心已赠人 2024-04-08 09:53 97阅读 0赞

#### 目录 ####

*   *  前言
     *  1、查看当前内核版本
     *  2、导入ELRepo仓库的公共密钥：
     *  3、安装ELRepo仓库的yum源：
     *  4、安装最新版内核
     *  5、设置以新的内核启动
     *  6、重启验证新内核

### 前言 ###

>  在操作软件时，很多时候会遇见内核版本过低的情况，本文主要学习升级内核版本。

**`升级内核操作需谨慎。`**

**核心命令**

rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
    yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm
    yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
    yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" install kernel-ml
    grub2-set-default 0

**详细步骤请往里走。**

### 1、查看当前内核版本 ###

uname -r

4.18.0-193.14.2.el8_2.x86_64

### 2、导入ELRepo仓库的公共密钥： ###

rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org

### 3、安装ELRepo仓库的yum源： ###

yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm

[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm
    /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/OpenSSL/crypto.py:12: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
      from cryptography import x509
    
    Invalid configuration value: failovermethod=priority in /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-epel.repo; Configuration: OptionBinding with id "failovermethod" does not exist
    CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
    
                42  B/s |  38  B     00:00    
    Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist
    [root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# sudo sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
    [root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# sudo sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
    [root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm
    /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/OpenSSL/crypto.py:12: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
      from cryptography import x509
    
    Invalid configuration value: failovermethod=priority in /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-epel.repo; Configuration: OptionBinding with id "failovermethod" does not exist
    CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ...
    Installed:
      elrepo-release-8.3-1.el8.elrepo.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
    
    Complete!

**出现报错：**

Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist

CentOS团队从官方镜像中移除CentOS 8的所有包，但软件包仍在官方镜像上保留一段时间。现在被转移到https://vault.centos.org。如需继续运行旧CentOS 8，可以在/etc/yum.repos中更新repos.d，使用vault.centos.org代替mirror.centos.org

sudo sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
    sudo sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g' /etc/yum.repos

### 4、安装最新版内核 ###

**启用 ELRepo 源仓库**

yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available

**安装**  
在 ELRepo 中有两个内核选项，一个是 kernel-lt(长期支持版本)，一个是 kernel-ml(主线最新版本)，采用长期支持版本(kernel-lt)更稳定。

yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml

[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
    /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/OpenSSL/crypto.py:12: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
      from cryptography import x509
    
    Invalid configuration value: failovermethod=priority in /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-epel.repo; Configuration: OptionBinding with id "failovermethod" does not exist
    ELRepo.org Community Enterprise Linux Kernel Repository - el8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
    
               441 kB/s | 2.1 MB     00:04    
    Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu 18 Aug 2022 05:56:16 PM CST.
    Available Packages
    bpftool.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                      5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo                                                                                                                       ...
    perf.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                         5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo                                                                                                                       
    
                                  elrepo-kernel
    python3-perf.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                 5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo                                                                                                                       
    
                                  elrepo-kernel
    [root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" install kernel-ml
    /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/OpenSSL/crypto.py:12: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
      from cryptography import x509
                                                              Version                                                                                         Repository                                        
    ...
    
    Installed:
      kernel-ml-5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64                                                                               kernel-ml-core-5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64                                                                               kernel-ml-modules-5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64                                     
                                           
    Complete!

### 5、设置以新的内核启动 ###

查看当前默认启动内核

grubby --default-kernel

[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# grubby --default-kernel
    /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64

0 表示最新安装的内核，设置为 0 表示以新版本内核启动：

grub2-set-default 0

或指定内核启动

grubby --set-default /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64

### 6、重启验证新内核 ###

[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# uname -r
    5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64

![在这里插入图片描述][9f80c58679d34a179ca3e89e79f28a58.png]  
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