Docker （六）【Docker Compose】

Love The Way You Lie 2024-04-06 10:20 69阅读 0赞

### 六、Docker Compose ###

--------------------

> 简介

DockerFile build run 手动操作，单个容器

Docker Compose 能够高效管理容器，运行多个容器

**官方文档**：[https://docs.docker.com/compose/][https_docs.docker.com_compose]

*  **官方介绍**

Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. With Compose, you use a YAML file to configure your application’s services. Then, with a single command, you create and start all the services from your configuration. To learn more about all the features of Compose, see [the list of features][].

Compose works in all environments: production, staging, development, testing, as well as CI workflows. You can learn more about each case in [Common Use Cases][].

Using Compose is basically a three-step process:

1.  Define your app’s environment with a `Dockerfile` so it can be reproduced anywhere.
2.  Define the services that make up your app in `docker-compose.yml` so they can be run together in an isolated environment.
3.  Run `docker compose up` and the [Docker compose command][] starts and runs your entire app. You can alternatively run `docker-compose up` using the docker-compose binary.

*  **翻译**：

Compose 是一个用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序的工具。使用 Compose，您可以使用 YAML 文件来配置应用程序的服务。然后，使用一个命令，您可以从您的配置中创建并启动所有服务。要了解有关 Compose 的所有功能的更多信息，请参阅[功能列表][the list of features]

Compose 适用于所有环境：生产、上线、开发、测试以及 CI 工作流程。[您可以在常见用例][Common Use Cases]中了解有关每个案例的更多信息

使用 Compose 基本上是一个三步过程：

1.  使用一个`Dockerfile`定义你的应用程序的环境，以便可以在任何地方复制它
2.  定义构成你的应用程序的服务，`docker-compose.yml` 以便它们可以在隔离环境中一起运行
3.  运行`docker compose up`，[Docker compose 命令][Docker compose command]启动并运行您的整个应用程序。您也可以`docker-compose up`使用 docker-compose 二进制文件运行

*  **作用：批量容器编排**

Compose 是 Docker 官方的开源项目，需要安装

> 简单的Compose实例（docker-compose.yml）

version: "3.9"  # optional since v1.27.0
    services:
      web:
        build: .
        ports:
          - "8000:5000"
        volumes:
          - .:/code
          - logvolume01:/var/log
        links:
          - redis
      redis:
        image: redis
    volumes:
      logvolume01: {
        }

*  **解析**：有两个服务：web、redis，并且这两个服务的网络连接起来了

#### 6.1 安装 Compose ####

下载地址：[https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/][https_docs.docker.com_compose_install]

国内地址：[https://get.daocloud.io/\#install-compose][https_get.daocloud.io_install-compose]

# 使用国内镜像下载,可根据自己的情况指定下载后的路径
    # /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
    curl -L https://get.daocloud.io/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.2.2/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
    # 对二进制文件应用可执行权限
    sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

![在这里插入图片描述][679843f4377149218a7466b5ffbb9266.png_pic_center]

*  **安装成功**

![在这里插入图片描述][58f0718685cd46bfade1721bcb08b295.png_pic_center]

#### 6.2 快速开始（按照官方说明） ####

官方文档：[https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/][https_docs.docker.com_compose_gettingstarted]

> 创建文件

1.  为工程建立文件目录

# 选择在 /home 目录下创建,可自定选择
     mkdir composetest
     cd composetest

1.  在当前文件下创建一个`app.py`文件，用于测试运行

import time
    
    import redis
    from flask import Flask
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    cache = redis.Redis(host='redis', port=6379)
    
    def get_hit_count():
        retries = 5
        while True:
            try:
                return cache.incr('hits')
            except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
                if retries == 0:
                    raise exc
                retries -= 1
                time.sleep(0.5)
    
    @app.route('/')
    def hello():
        count = get_hit_count()
        return 'Hello World! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)

> 创建Dockerfile文件

[root@vinjcent composetest]# pwd
    /home/composetest
    [root@vinjcent composetest]# vim Dockerfile
    # =================================文件内容=================================
    # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
    FROM python:3.7-alpine
    WORKDIR /code
    ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
    ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
    RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers
    COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
    RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
    EXPOSE 5000
    COPY . .
    CMD ["flask", "run"]
    # =================================文件内容=================================

> 在Compose文件中定义所需的服务

1.  在当前目录下创建一个`docker-compose.yml`文件

version: "3.9"
    services:
      web:
        build: .
        ports:
          - "8000:5000"
      redis:
        image: "redis:alpine"

![在这里插入图片描述][cb9a42be91d04eac8e7d6d229a8b42d7.png_pic_center]

> 使用Compose构建和运行app

【**注**】需要从当前的工程文件下运行，必须有这四个文件

# 运行命令,后台运行添加参数 -d 即可
     docker-compose up

![在这里插入图片描述][ea0c302b1d804f0fb9aab4e32a054af9.png_pic_center]

*  **查看正在运行的docker容器**

![在这里插入图片描述][600c22e20c254e85a4a6af154290ec3b.png_pic_center]

*  **测试访问web**

[root@vinjcent composetest]# curl localhost:8000

![在这里插入图片描述][f692397369a6482faed36ebea8b7b52a.png_pic_center]

![在这里插入图片描述][121fb9d79750459a8e76a73e525b61be.png_pic_center]

*  **查看下载镜像**

![在这里插入图片描述][544cf08f42e84d008c2c1fa7b4a51fcf.png_pic_center]

# 查看所有docker服务
    [root@vinjcent composetest]# docker service ls

默认的服务名 文件名-服务名-num

**num** 代表副本的数量

*  **项目中的内容都在同一个网络下（手动配置），网络自动生成**

![在这里插入图片描述][8191aaaef8ee4d519c387a53e76e3452.png_pic_center]

*  **查看网络信息**

![在这里插入图片描述][d8b6a958cd3249768cf5e96f0f1022a5.png_pic_center]

![在这里插入图片描述][005ab40c851c4ba98d703f46b014966c.png_pic_center]

如果在同一个网络下，可以直接通过域名访问

有效避免了服务出现故障之后，重新启动服务时，容器分配的域名发生改变（从172.27.0.2 => 172.27.0.3），**保证HA（高可用）**

![在这里插入图片描述][0566c1fa210f4c0a8214117ed48edac6.png_pic_center]

> 停止运行Compose

# 需要在容器外部的存放yml文件的目录下执行
    docker-compose down
    # 快捷键需要在容器启动的地方使用
    Ctrl + C

![在这里插入图片描述][6303318ef1e848828f08401b991f0b7d.png_pic_center]

#### 6.3 Compose配置编写规则 ####

> yml 规则

主要有三层

**官方说明文档**：[https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/][https_docs.docker.com_compose_compose-file_compose-file-v3]

##### 三层
    ### 第一层: 版本
    version: "" 	# 版本
    services:		# 多个服务配置
      redis: 		# 服务1
      	### 第二层: 服务配置(docker容器的配置)
        container_name: my-redis-container	# 容器名称
        images: redis:latest				# 镜像拉取
        build: .
        depends_on:		# 设置启动顺序依赖,先启动db服务,再启动redis
          - db
          - redis
        network			# 网络配置
        ...
      web: 			# 服务2
        ...
      mysql: 		# 服务3
        ...
    
    ### 第三层: 其它配置: 网络、卷、全局规则...
    volumes: 
    networks:
    configs:

![在这里插入图片描述][83eb86b3db7d46c790531c9d072f3d25.png_pic_center]

![在这里插入图片描述][961a878228ba47f18b1ef9410dded7fe.png_pic_center]

#### 6.4 使用Compose一键部署博客 ####

> 用例测试

# 在 /home 目录下创建一个文件目录 my_wordpress
    mkdir my_wordpress
    cd my_wordpress/
    
    # 创建一个docker-compose.yml文件
    mkdir docker-compose.yml
    # =====================================文件内容=====================================
    version: "3.9"
        
    services:
      db:
        image: mysql:5.7
        volumes:
          - db_data:/var/lib/mysql
        restart: always
        environment:
          MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: somewordpress
          MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
          MYSQL_USER: wordpress
          MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress
        
      wordpress:
        depends_on:
          - db
        image: wordpress:latest
        volumes:
          - wordpress_data:/var/www/html
        ports:
          - "8000:80"
        restart: always
        environment:
          WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db
          WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wordpress
          WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: wordpress
          WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpress
    volumes:
      db_data: {
        }
      wordpress_data: {
        }
    # =====================================文件内容=====================================
    # 过程有点久,耐心等待
    [root@vinjcent my_wordpress]# docker-compose up

测试访问：[http://192.168.159.100:8000/][http_192.168.159.100_8000]

*  **注册自己的账号密码**

![在这里插入图片描述][27d6bcb405534b60a0d089124c2ad9da.png_pic_center]

![在这里插入图片描述][c526ac945ec04f7d926d5c3173296b25.png_pic_center]

*  **登录个人博客**

![在这里插入图片描述][5e5a0c7a29334a2593fbc13d6976582e.png_pic_center]

![在这里插入图片描述][59229aeeb6d547298b33cb4fd11764e7.png_pic_center]

#### 6.5 SpringBoot微服务上线 ####

1.  编写一个springboot项目
2.  dockerfile 构建镜像
3.  docker-compose.yml 编排项目
4.  打包springboot项目，并将三个文件上传到Linux
5.  运行命令 docker-compose up

1）创建一个SpringBoot工程，导入依赖

<dependencies>
        	
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
            </dependency>
             
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

2）编写controller

package com.vinjcent.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    @SuppressWarnings("all")
    @RestController
    public class HelloController {
        
    
        @Autowired
        StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;
    
        @GetMapping("/hello")
        public String hello() {
        
            long views = redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment("views");
            return "hello,vinjcnet,views: "+ views;
        }
    
    }

3）在该工程下创建一个`Dockerfile`文件

FROM java:8
    
    COPY *.jar /app.jar
    
    CMD ["--server.port=3035"]
    
    EXPOSE 3035
    
    ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]

4）在该工程下创建一个`docker-compose.yml`文件

version: '3.9'
    services:
      vinjcentapp:
        build: .
        image: vinjcentapp:1.0
        depends_on:
          - redis
        ports:
          - "3035:3035"
      redis:
        image: "redis:alpine"

5）将该工程打成一个jar包

![在这里插入图片描述][b6206fab11f046eda77dd0073c181e10.png_pic_center]

6）将三个文件上传到 Linux 上的文件夹中

![在这里插入图片描述][a810c9124ce848fc8b68d709b1559b81.png_pic_center]

7）在该目录下运行命令

docker-compose up
    # 重新构建
    docker-compose up --build

8）测试访问

curl localhost:3035

![在这里插入图片描述][b97de8b02e194cc58b9b1865a1c1a45f.png_pic_center]

[https_docs.docker.com_compose]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/
[the list of features]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/#features
[Common Use Cases]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/#common-use-cases
[Docker compose command]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/#compose-v2-and-the-new-docker-compose-command
[https_docs.docker.com_compose_install]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/
[https_get.daocloud.io_install-compose]: https://get.daocloud.io/#install-compose
[679843f4377149218a7466b5ffbb9266.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/57b499e372f442b0b47ca165f3ca16ad.png
[58f0718685cd46bfade1721bcb08b295.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/d4aedbe453eb4c4e99def7d25f043f5d.png
[https_docs.docker.com_compose_gettingstarted]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/
[cb9a42be91d04eac8e7d6d229a8b42d7.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/a41e90a139fd40ffafbd71de9b70e804.png
[ea0c302b1d804f0fb9aab4e32a054af9.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/5490f98d156848b58201d7aff104e578.png
[600c22e20c254e85a4a6af154290ec3b.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/d3f8339689ce4d63866363ab9945c9cd.png
[f692397369a6482faed36ebea8b7b52a.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/b0db6a066f934dc58cb110908a68477c.png
[121fb9d79750459a8e76a73e525b61be.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/b291b2da7d1a45d2b4353d1cffea1031.png
[544cf08f42e84d008c2c1fa7b4a51fcf.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/100fd2a539b84eda81d4cc36a30ad60e.png
[8191aaaef8ee4d519c387a53e76e3452.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/4eba84c0ecc7441f918c4c3ded84eea4.png
[d8b6a958cd3249768cf5e96f0f1022a5.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/0fd0dcd04b8a43df93bab14c9faadbf0.png
[005ab40c851c4ba98d703f46b014966c.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/7d14c35440f841edaad378f2afddb589.png
[0566c1fa210f4c0a8214117ed48edac6.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/7b2f64b530f94cbb9cf8fe4423476c20.png
[6303318ef1e848828f08401b991f0b7d.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/a9890f7348f84b8aaff4834a3286b4a9.png
[https_docs.docker.com_compose_compose-file_compose-file-v3]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/
[83eb86b3db7d46c790531c9d072f3d25.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/cf9e4fe5777d42e081ea3607c257dc77.png
[961a878228ba47f18b1ef9410dded7fe.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/7789f751879c4386b67c71231d82f541.png
[http_192.168.159.100_8000]: http://192.168.159.100:8000/
[27d6bcb405534b60a0d089124c2ad9da.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/b346d5eba96d457ea845236af165c6c7.png
[c526ac945ec04f7d926d5c3173296b25.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/90ba362f57034c049f14b2bc4538bdd3.png
[5e5a0c7a29334a2593fbc13d6976582e.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/305571bfd2a446d2844eebc005b9d640.png
[59229aeeb6d547298b33cb4fd11764e7.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/925764d407624278807e1945d7f20cbe.png
[b6206fab11f046eda77dd0073c181e10.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/ac346b9cc542420692a1c7c9153768df.png
[a810c9124ce848fc8b68d709b1559b81.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/08cc8ecc944d475b8ba3ddffd65d69ea.png
[b97de8b02e194cc58b9b1865a1c1a45f.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/06/e981eab835904fd7b7bd51ce5023d6d1.png