Java使用HttpClient发送Https请求，并解决证书失效问题

墨蓝 2024-03-31 13:39 28阅读 0赞

阿帕奇的开源项目。用于Http通信。

<dependency>
    	<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    	<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    	<version>4.5.1</version>
    </dependency>

HttpClient工具类

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
    import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
    import org.apache.http.ParseException;
    import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
    import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
    import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
    import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
    import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
    import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
    import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
    import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
    import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
    import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
    import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
    
    import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
    import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
    import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
    import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.net.URLConnection;
    import java.security.KeyManagementException;
    import java.security.KeyStoreException;
    import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
    import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
    import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
    
    @Slf4j
    public class HttpRequestClient {
    
        /**
         * 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求
         * @param url 发送请求的URL
         * @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
         * @return URL 所代表远程资源的响应结果
         */
        public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {
            String result = "";
            BufferedReader in = null;
            try {
                String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
                URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
                SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
                sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { new TrustAnyTrustManager() }, new java.security.SecureRandom());
                // 打开和URL之间的连接
                HttpsURLConnection connection = (HttpsURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();
                // 设置通用的请求属性
                connection.setSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());
                connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
                connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
                connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
                // 建立实际的连接
                connection.connect();
                // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
                in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
                String line;
                while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                    result += line;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.info("发送GET请求出现异常！" + e);
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            // 使用finally块来关闭输入流
            finally {
                try {
                    if (in != null) {
                        in.close();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e2) {
                    e2.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        /**
         * 发送post请求
         * @param url  路径
         * @param jsonObject  参数(json类型)
         * @param encoding 编码格式
         * @return
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public static String sendPost(String url, JSONObject jsonObject, String encoding) throws ParseException, IOException{
            String body = "";
            //创建httpclient对象
            CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
            //创建post方式请求对象
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            //装填参数
            StringEntity s = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString(), "utf-8");
            s.setContentEncoding(new BasicHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json"));
            //设置参数到请求对象中
            httpPost.setEntity(s);
            log.info("请求地址："+url);
            //设置header信息
            //指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】
            httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
            httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)");
    
            Object token = jsonObject.get("token");
            if (token != null) {
                httpPost.setHeader("token", (String)token);
            }
    
            //执行请求操作，并拿到结果（同步阻塞）
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
            //获取结果实体
            org.apache.http.HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity != null) {
                //按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
                body = EntityUtils.toString( entity, encoding);
            }
            EntityUtils.consume( entity);
            //释放链接
            response.close();
            return body;
        }
    
        /**
         * 发送delete请求
         */
        public static String doDelete(String url, String authorization) {
    
            CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000).setSocketTimeout(60000).build();
            httpDelete.setConfig(requestConfig);
            httpDelete.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
            httpDelete.setHeader("DataEncoding", "UTF-8");
            httpDelete.setHeader("Authorization", authorization);
    
            CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
            try {
                httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpDelete);
                HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
                String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
                return result;
            }  catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("刪除請求調用失敗", e );
            } finally {
                if (httpResponse != null) {
                    try {
                        httpResponse.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if (null != httpClient) {
                    try {
                        httpClient.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    
        /**
         * 发送post请求
         *
         * @param url     路径
         * @param jsonStr 参数(json类型)
         * @return
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public static String sendPostWithToken(String url, String jsonStr, String token) throws ParseException, IOException {
            String body = "";
            //创建httpclient对象
    //        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                    .setConnectTimeout(2000) // 设置连接超时时间，单位毫秒
                    .setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)
                    .setSocketTimeout(5000) // 请求获取数据的超时时间，单位毫秒
                    .build();
            HttpRequestRetryHandler myRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
                @Override
                public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
                    return false;
                }
            };
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory scsf = null;
            try {
                scsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(
                        SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build(),
                        NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
    
            try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(scsf)
            .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
                    .setRetryHandler(myRetryHandler)
                    .build()) {
                //创建post方式请求对象
                HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
                //装填参数
                StringEntity s = new StringEntity(jsonStr, "utf-8");
                s.setContentEncoding(new BasicHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json"));
                //设置参数到请求对象中
                httpPost.setEntity(s);
                log.info("请求地址：" + url);
                //设置header信息
                //指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】
                httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
                httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)");
                if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(token)) {
                    httpPost.setHeader("token", token);
                }
                //执行请求操作，并拿到结果（同步阻塞）
                CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
                //获取结果实体
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                if (entity != null) {
                    //按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
                    body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
                }
                EntityUtils.consume(entity);
                //释放链接
                response.close();
            }
            return body;
        }
    
        private static class TrustAnyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
    
            @Override
            public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
    
            }
    
            @Override
            public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
    
            }
    
            @Override
            public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                return new X509Certificate[0];
            }
        }
    }

**1.client**  
org.apache.http.client. HttpClient  
接口。  
CloseableHttpClient org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients. createDefault()  
此方法可以拿到HttpClient对象。它是线程安全的。

**2.request**  
org.apache.http. HttpRequest  
接口。实现类有HttpGet、HttpPost等。  
org.apache.http.client.methods. HttpUriRequest  
继承了HttpRequest接口的接口。  
void org.apache.http.message.AbstractHttpMessage. addHeader(String name, String value)  
添加请求的头部信息。  
org.apache.http.client.methods. HttpGet  
代表HttpGet请求。  
org.apache.http.client.methods. HttpPost  
代表HttpPost请求。  
**2.1 get请求**  
org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet. HttpGet(String uri)  
HttpGet请求的构造函数。  
**2.2 post请求**  
org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost. HttpPost(String uri)  
HttpPost请求的构造函数。  
org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity. StringEntity(String string)  
http报文body的格式是字符串。用于构造json、xml类post请求。

**3.设置参数**  
Builder org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig. custom()  
拿到builder。  
Builder org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder. setSocketTimeout(int socketTimeout)  
设置socket链接超时。  
Builder org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder. setConnectionTimeout(int connectionRequestTimeout)  
设置http连接超时。socket超时是http超时的充分不必要条件。  
Builder org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder. setConnectionRequestTimeout(int connectionRequestTimeout)  
设置请求发出前的超时时间。适用于用连接池，连接池占满的情况。  
RequestConfig org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder. build()  
至此拿到了RequestConfig 对象。  
void org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase. setConfig( RequestConfigconfig)  
设置连接超时等在内的参数。RequestConfig对象的生成见下行。

RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(2000).build();

**4.execute**  
CloseableHttpResponse org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient. execute(HttpUriRequest request)  
执行请求并返回结果，是同步函数，需要等待。

**5.response**  
org.apache.http.client.methods. CloseableHttpResponse  
接口。  
StatusLine org.apache.http.HttpResponse. getStatusLine()  
获取状态栏。  
HttpEntity org.apache.http.HttpResponse. getEntity()  
获取消息实体。  
InputStream org.apache.http.HttpEntity. getContent()  
获取内容。如果是文本数据，通常这样来拿。

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(instream, "utf-8");

void org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils.consume(HttpEntity entity)  
调用HttpEntity.getContent()就得到了InputStream，此方法用于把流消费完，然后关掉这个InputStream。

**6. 常见问题**  
中文乱码.  
需要 header 加入 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8.  
代码为:

httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(content, ContentType.create("text/plain", Charset.forName("UTF-8"))));