QT5（5）窗口布局

我就是我 2021-06-10 20:42 369阅读 0赞

*代码自行补充头文件*

## **一、分割窗口QSplitter** ##

在新建项目时不选创建窗口，在main.cpp中修改为：

#include "mainwindow.h"
    #include <QApplication>
    #include <QSplitter>
    #include <QTextEdit>
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        QApplication a(argc, argv);
    
        QSplitter *splitMain = new QSplitter(Qt::Horizontal,0);     //Qt::Horizontal设置为水平分割，0代表为主窗口，无父窗口
        QTextEdit *textLeft = new QTextEdit(QObject::tr("Left"),splitMain);  //为splitMain窗口添加控件
        textLeft->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
    
        QSplitter *splitterRight =new QSplitter(Qt::Vertical,splitMain);   //Qt::Vertical设置为竖直分割，splitMain代表为父窗口
        splitterRight->setOpaqueResize(false);                          //为splitterRight设置拖动时是否实时更新，false拖动时只有一个线条
        QTextEdit *textUp =new QTextEdit(QObject::tr("Top"),splitterRight);  //为splitterRight窗口添加控件
        textUp->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
        QTextEdit *textBottom =new QTextEdit(QObject::tr("Bottom"),splitterRight);
        textBottom->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
    
        splitMain->setStretchFactor(1,1);                //设置可伸缩控件，第一个参数为控件序号，第二个参数0代表可伸缩，放大整个窗口大小可以发现左边小窗口大小不变
        splitMain->setWindowTitle(QObject::tr("分割"));  //设置窗口title
        splitMain->show();
    
    // MainWindow w;
    // w.show();
    
        return a.exec();
    }

![这里写图片描述][20161007123619547]  
![这里写图片描述][20161007123945488]

## **二、停靠窗口QDockWidget** ##

在新建项目时不选创建窗口，在mainwindow.cpp中修改为：

setWindowTitle(tr("停靠窗口")); //设置主窗口的标题
        QTextEdit *teMain=new QTextEdit(this);
        teMain->setText(tr("主窗口"));
        teMain->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
        setCentralWidget(teMain);
    
    
        //停靠1
        QDockWidget *dock=new QDockWidget(tr("停靠1"),this);
        dock->setFeatures(QDockWidget::DockWidgetMovable);            //设置可移动
        dock->setAllowedAreas(Qt::LeftDockWidgetArea|Qt::RightDockWidgetArea);   //设置停靠位置
        QTextEdit *teOne =new QTextEdit();
        teOne->setText(tr("可左右停靠"));
        dock->setWidget(teOne);
        addDockWidget(Qt::RightDockWidgetArea,dock);    //将窗口放在右边
    
        //停靠2
        dock=new QDockWidget(tr("停靠2"),this);
        dock->setFeatures(QDockWidget::DockWidgetClosable|QDockWidget::DockWidgetFloatable); //设置可关闭、可浮动但不可移动
        QTextEdit *teTwo =new QTextEdit();
        teTwo->setText(tr("右上角有关闭按钮和浮动按钮"));
        dock->setWidget(teTwo);
        addDockWidget(Qt::RightDockWidgetArea,dock);   //将窗口放在右边
    
        //停靠3
        dock=new QDockWidget(tr("停靠3"),this);
        dock->setFeatures(QDockWidget::AllDockWidgetFeatures);     //设置允许全部特性
        QTextEdit *teThree =new QTextEdit();
        teThree->setText(tr("具备全部特性"));
        dock->setWidget(teThree);
        addDockWidget(Qt::RightDockWidgetArea,dock);

![这里写图片描述][20161007130701766]  
![这里写图片描述][20161007130745970]

## **三、堆栈窗体QStackedWidget** ##

在新建项目时不选创建窗口，在mainwindow.cpp中修改为：

QWidget *cenWidget = new QWidget(this);         //避免layout重复
        setCentralWidget(cenWidget);
    
        setWindowTitle(tr("堆栈窗口"));
    
        list = new QListWidget(cenWidget);              //新建list控件
        list->insertItem(0,tr("list1"));
        list->insertItem(1,tr("list2"));
        list->insertItem(2,tr("list3"));
    
        label1 =new QLabel(tr("list1 text"));     //新建三个lebel
        label2 =new QLabel(tr("list2 text"));
        label3 =new QLabel(tr("list3 text"));
    
        stack =new QStackedWidget(cenWidget);          //新建栈控件并将三个label添加其中
        stack->addWidget(label1);
        stack->addWidget(label2);
        stack->addWidget(label3);
    
    
        QHBoxLayout *mainLayout =new QHBoxLayout(cenWidget);      //使用QHBoxLayout布局
        mainLayout->setMargin(5);
        mainLayout->setSpacing(5);
        mainLayout->addWidget(list);
        mainLayout->addWidget(stack,0,Qt::AlignHCenter);
        mainLayout->setStretchFactor(list,1);                   //修改控件占据比例
        mainLayout->setStretchFactor(stack,3);
    
     connect(list,SIGNAL(currentRowChanged(int)),stack,SLOT(setCurrentIndex(int)));  //绑定list和stack

![这里写图片描述][20161007133712608]  
在mainwindow.h中修改为：

private:
        QListWidget *list;
        QStackedWidget *stack;
        QLabel *label1;
        QLabel *label2;
        QLabel *label3;

![这里写图片描述][20161007133812452]

![这里写图片描述][20161007133917656]

## **四、基本布局QLayout** ##

基本布局类继承关系如下：  
![这里写图片描述][20161007134139032]  
在mainwindow.h中修改为：

private:
            //左侧
            QLabel *UserNameLabel;
            QLabel *NameLabel;
            QLabel *SexLabel;
            QLabel *DepartmentLabel;
            QLabel *AgeLabel;
            QLabel *OtherLabel;
            QLineEdit *UserNameLineEdit;
            QLineEdit *NameLineEdit;
            QComboBox *SexComboBox;
            QTextEdit *DepartmentTextEdit;
            QLineEdit *AgeLineEdit;
            QGridLayout *LeftLayout;
            //右侧
            QLabel *HeadLabel;          //右上角部分
            QLabel *HeadIconLabel;
            QPushButton *UpdateHeadBtn;
            QHBoxLayout *TopRightLayout;
    
            QLabel *IntroductionLabel;
            QTextEdit *IntroductionTextEdit;
            QVBoxLayout *RightLayout;
            //底部
            QPushButton *OkBtn;
            QPushButton *CancelBtn;
            QHBoxLayout *ButtomLayout;

![这里写图片描述][20161007160645332]

在mainwindow.cpp中修改为：

QWidget *cenWidget = new QWidget(this);         //避免layout重复
        setCentralWidget(cenWidget);
        setWindowTitle(tr("UserInfo"));
    
    
        /************** 左侧 ******************************/
        UserNameLabel =new QLabel(tr("用户名："));
        UserNameLineEdit =new QLineEdit();
        NameLabel =new QLabel(tr("姓名："));
        NameLineEdit =new QLineEdit();
        SexLabel =new QLabel(tr("性别："));
        SexComboBox =new QComboBox();
        SexComboBox->addItem(tr("女"));
        SexComboBox->addItem(tr("男"));
        DepartmentLabel =new QLabel(tr("部门："));
        DepartmentTextEdit =new QTextEdit();
        AgeLabel =new QLabel(tr("年龄："));
        AgeLineEdit =new QLineEdit();
        OtherLabel =new QLabel(tr("备注："));
        OtherLabel->setFrameStyle(QFrame::Panel|QFrame::Sunken);
    
        LeftLayout =new QGridLayout();                          //网格布局
        LeftLayout->addWidget(UserNameLabel,0,0);               //用户名
        LeftLayout->addWidget(UserNameLineEdit,0,1);
    
        LeftLayout->addWidget(NameLabel,1,0);                   //姓名
        LeftLayout->addWidget(NameLineEdit,1,1);
    
        LeftLayout->addWidget(SexLabel,2,0);                    //性别
        LeftLayout->addWidget(SexComboBox,2,1);
    
        LeftLayout->addWidget(DepartmentLabel,3,0);             //部门
        LeftLayout->addWidget(DepartmentTextEdit,3,1);
    
        LeftLayout->addWidget(AgeLabel,4,0);                    //年龄
        LeftLayout->addWidget(AgeLineEdit,4,1);
    
        LeftLayout->addWidget(OtherLabel,5,0,1,2);              //其他 5为行，0为列，1为类似行高，2为类似列高
    
        LeftLayout->setColumnStretch(0,1);
        LeftLayout->setColumnStretch(1,3);
    
    
        /***************右侧************************************/
        HeadLabel =new QLabel(tr("头像： "));                    //右上角部分
        HeadIconLabel =new QLabel;
        QPixmap icon("312.jpg");
        HeadIconLabel->setPixmap(icon);
        HeadIconLabel->resize(icon.width(),icon.height());
        UpdateHeadBtn =new QPushButton(tr("更新"));
    
        TopRightLayout =new QHBoxLayout();                      //水平布局
        TopRightLayout->setSpacing(20);
        TopRightLayout->addWidget(HeadLabel);
        TopRightLayout->addWidget(HeadIconLabel);
        TopRightLayout->addWidget(UpdateHeadBtn);
    
        IntroductionLabel =new QLabel(tr("个人说明："));         //右下角部分
        IntroductionTextEdit =new QTextEdit;
    
        RightLayout =new QVBoxLayout();                          //垂直布局
        RightLayout->setMargin(10);
        RightLayout->addLayout(TopRightLayout);
        RightLayout->addWidget(IntroductionLabel);
        RightLayout->addWidget(IntroductionTextEdit);
    
    
        /*--------------------- 底部 --------------------*/
        OkBtn =new QPushButton(tr("确定"));
        CancelBtn =new QPushButton(tr("取消"));
    
        ButtomLayout =new QHBoxLayout();                          //水平布局
        ButtomLayout->addStretch();
        ButtomLayout->addWidget(OkBtn);
        ButtomLayout->addWidget(CancelBtn);
    
    
        /*---------主布局：固定三个布局模块位置----------------------*/
        QGridLayout *mainLayout =new QGridLayout(cenWidget);
        mainLayout->setMargin(15);
        mainLayout->setSpacing(10);
        mainLayout->addLayout(LeftLayout,0,0);
        mainLayout->addLayout(RightLayout,0,1);
        mainLayout->addLayout(ButtomLayout,1,0,1,2);
        mainLayout->setSizeConstraint(QLayout::SetFixedSize);

![这里写图片描述][20161007160834725]

[20161007123619547]: /images/20210520/b845fd66b619416fa637d15bc3231fd0.png
[20161007123945488]: /images/20210520/f1615368e65a423fa76c77b9026679c8.png
[20161007130701766]: /images/20210520/8b4be88354124916a7d49e2936a25acb.png
[20161007130745970]: /images/20210520/a0d31fd77a74432fa80d270a77d3ca7e.png
[20161007133712608]: /images/20210520/14c267f627024751b307e29a674d75f1.png
[20161007133812452]: /images/20210520/61b6ba792ed842248279fb5c38201b10.png
[20161007133917656]: /images/20210520/176bf9b2f0f447c3aaaf090446a8367e.png
[20161007134139032]: /images/20210520/46c6495dff3e4a268fc083de3961159e.png
[20161007160645332]: /images/20210520/d2f4c4cb7f534c1390fa5d51db3e3021.png
[20161007160834725]: /images/20210520/3722aa6826d04807acbe80b653947fd5.png