通过HelloWin程序了解Windows程序原理

梦里梦外; 2021-06-24 15:58 330阅读 0赞

创建一个窗口,显示一行文本,并播放一段音频.

#### 效果图: ####

![效果示意图][aHR0cDovL2ltZy5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0LzIwMTgwMTA3MTA0NTE3ODE3]  
音频文件的名称应为: “hellowin.wav”,放在和执行文件同目录下.

#### 源代码: ####

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Displays "hello,veeja!" in a message box ----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
    #include<Windows.h>
    #pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib") //导入声音头文件库
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
    
    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrecInstance,
    	PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
    	//函数的类型为WINAPI,这个标识符被定义为__stdcall,它指定了在Windows和应用程序之间的函数调用的特定次序
    	//HINSTANCE 实例句柄--程序本身
    	//PSTR该类型表示一个指向非宽字符串的指针,即char *
    { 
    	static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("helloWin");
    	HWND			hwnd;  // HWND 窗口句柄
    	MSG				msg;  // MSG 消息结构
    	WNDCLASS		wndclass;  // WNDCLASS 窗口类
    
    	wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    	wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    	wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    	wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    	wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
    	wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    	wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    	wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    	wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    	wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
    
    	if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
    	{ 
    		MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("this program requires windows NT!"),
    			szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
    		return 0;
    	}
    	hwnd = CreateWindow(
    		szAppName,					//window class name 
    		TEXT("The Hello Program"),	//window caption
    		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,		//window style
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,				//initial x position
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,				//initial y position
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,				//initial x size
    		CW_USEDEFAULT,				//initial y size
    		NULL,						//parent window handle
    		NULL,						//window menu handle
    		hInstance,					//program instance handle
    		NULL);						//creation parameters
    	ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
    	UpdateWindow(hwnd);
    
    	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    	{ 
    		TranslateMessage(&msg);
    		DispatchMessage(&msg);
    	}
    	return msg.wParam;
    }
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    // 返回值类型为LRSULT,该类型等价于LONG
    // CALLBACK是函数的类型,这个标识符被定义为__stdcall,它指定了在Windows和应用程序之间的函数调用的特定次序
    // HWND 窗口句柄
    // UINT 其实就是unsigned int,仅仅是为了书写方便,在Windows 98 中,表示一个32位的值.
    // WPARAM 16位的无符号短整型
    // LPARAM 32位的有符号的长整型
    { 
    	HDC hdc; // HDC 设备环境句柄
    	PAINTSTRUCT ps;  // PAINTSTRUCT 绘制结构
    	RECT rect;  //RECT 矩形结构
    
    	switch (message)
    	{ 
    	case WM_CREATE:
    		PlaySound(TEXT("hellowin.wav"), NULL, SND_FILENAME | SND_ASYNC);
    		return 0;
    	case WM_PAINT:
    		hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    		GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
    		DrawText(hdc, TEXT("hello,veeja!"), -1, &rect,
    			DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
    		EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    		return 0;
    	case WM_DESTROY:
    		PostQuitMessage(0);
    		return 0;
    	}
    	return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    
    }

#### Windows函数调用: ####

HELLOWIN程序所调用的Windows函数:

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>简短描述</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>LoadIcon</td> 
   <td>加载图标,以供程序使用</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>LoadCursor</td> 
   <td>加载鼠标光标,以供程序使用</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>GetStockObject</td> 
   <td>获取一个图形对象.在本例中是一个用来对窗口的背景进行重绘的画刷</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>RegisterClass</td> 
   <td>为应用程序的窗口注册一个窗口类</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>MessageBox</td> 
   <td>显示消息框</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>CreateWindow</td> 
   <td>基于窗口类创建一个窗口</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ShowWindow</td> 
   <td>在屏幕中显示窗口</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>UpdateWindow</td> 
   <td>指示窗口对其自身进行重绘</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>GetMessage</td> 
   <td>从消息队列获取消息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>TranslateMessage</td> 
   <td>翻译一些键盘消息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>DispatchMessage</td> 
   <td>将消息发送给窗口过程</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>PlaySound</td> 
   <td>播放声音文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>BeginPaint</td> 
   <td>表明窗口客户区的尺寸</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>DrawText</td> 
   <td>显示一个文本字符串</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>EndPaint</td> 
   <td>借宿窗口绘制</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>PostQuitMessage</td> 
   <td>将"退出"消息插入消息队列</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>DefWindowProc</td> 
   <td>执行默认的消息处理</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 大写标识符 ####

HELLOWIN.c中使用了大量的大写标识符.这些标志符都是早Windows头文件中定义的.这些标志符有很多都是以两三或三个字母作为前缀,且其后紧跟一个下划线:

CS_HREDRAW		DT_VCENTER		SND_FILENAME
    CS_VERDRAW		IDC_ARROW		WM_CREATE
    CW_USEDEFAULT	IDI_APPLICATION	WM_DESTROY
    DT_CENTER		MB_ICONERROR	WM_PAINT
    DT_SINGLELINE	SND_ASYNC		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW

这些标识符其实都是数值常量.前缀表明该常量所属的一般类别,如下表所示.

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>前缀</th> 
   <th>常量</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>CS</td> 
   <td>类窗口风格</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>CW</td> 
   <td>创建窗口选项</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>DT</td> 
   <td>文本绘制选项</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>IDI</td> 
   <td>图标的ID号</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>IDC</td> 
   <td>光标的ID号</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>MB</td> 
   <td>消息框选项</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SND</td> 
   <td>声音选项</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>WM</td> 
   <td>窗口消息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>WS</td> 
   <td>窗口风格</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

匈牙利标记法

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>前缀</th> 
   <th>数据类型</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>c</td> 
   <td>char 或 WCHAR 或 TCHAR</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>by</td> 
   <td>BYTE (无符号字符)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>n</td> 
   <td>short (短整形)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>i</td> 
   <td>int (整形)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>x , y</td> 
   <td>int , 表示 x 坐标 或者 y 坐标</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cx , cy</td> 
   <td>int , 表示 x 或 y 的长度, c 表示 “count”(计数)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>B 或 f</td> 
   <td>BOOL ( int ) , f 表示"flag"</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>w</td> 
   <td>WORD (无符号短整形)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>l</td> 
   <td>LONG (长整型)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dw</td> 
   <td>DWORD (无符号长整型)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>fn</td> 
   <td>函数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>s</td> 
   <td>字符串</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sz</td> 
   <td>以零结束的字符串</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>h</td> 
   <td>句柄</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>p</td> 
   <td>指针</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

> 参考书籍:《WINDOWS程序设计 第五版 珍藏版》

[aHR0cDovL2ltZy5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0LzIwMTgwMTA3MTA0NTE3ODE3]: /images/20210615/48fc44b41c9f4a53ad3099a6df66a448.png