mongoose中数据校验

ゞ浴缸里的玫瑰 2021-07-26 02:47 392阅读 0赞

在定义Schema时，可以设置数据的校验参数，这样可以对操作数据库数据时，对其做进一步的规范。主要的校验参数有：

*  `required` : 数据可以是任意类型，表示这个数据必须传入
 *  `max`: 用于Number 类型数据，最大值
 *  `min`: 用于Number 类型数据，最小值
 *  `enum`:枚举类型(数组中的类型是String)，要求数据必须满足枚举值enum: \['0', '1', '2'\]
 *  `match`:增加的数据必须符合match（正则）的规则
 *  `maxlength`：数据必须是String类型，数据最大长度
 *  `minlength`：数据必须是String类型，数据最小长度

结构目录：

![20210302143458657.png][]

db.js

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

const mongoose = require('mongoose')
     
    mongoose.connect("mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/testdb", {useNewUrlParser:true},function (err) {
        if (err) {
            console.log(err)
            return
        }
        console.log("数据库连接成功！")
    })
    
    module.exports = mongoose;

person.js

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

![20210302155223371.png][]

var mongoose = require("./db.js")
    var SchemaPerson = new mongoose.Schema({
        username: {
            type: String,
            unique: true, // 唯一索引。在最开始定义Schema时指定才会有效，如果是后面才指定将不会有效果
            required: true, //表示这个数据必须传入。数据可以是任意类型
        },
        name: {
            type: String,
            index: true, // 普通索引
            minlength: 1, //数据必须是String类型，数据最小长度
            maxlength: 5 //数据必须是String类型，数据最大长度
        },
        age: {
            type: Number,
            min: 0, //用于Number 类型数据，最小值
            max: 150 //用于Number 类型数据，最大值
        },
        sex: {
            type: String,
            enum: ["男", "女"], //枚举类型(数组中的类型是String)
            default: '男' //默认值
        },
        phone: {
            type: String, //注意：对于电话号码的正则匹配，一定要用String类型！！不能用Number类型！大坑！
            match: /^1[3|4|5|7|8][0-9]\d{8}$/ //增加的数据必须符合match（正则）的规则
        },
        desc: {
            type: String,
            validate: function(words) { //自定义验证器。类似于set的用法
                return words.length >= 5
            }
        },
        publishDate: {
            type: Date,
            default: Date.now
        }
    })
    module.exports = mongoose.model('Person', SchemaPerson, 'person')

main.js

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

let ModelPerson = require('./model/person.js')
    
    let mp = new ModelPerson({
        username: 'zhangsan',
        name: '张三',
        age: 22,
        sex: '男',
        phone: 13245678900,
        desc: "Hello，大家好"
    })
    
    mp.save(function(err, doc) {
        if (err) {
            console.log(err)
            return
        }
        console.log("数据插入成功：", doc)
    })

运行

使用命令：**node ./main.js**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

查看索引：db.person.getIndexes()

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

此时，测试一下能否正确验证，修改main.js中的插入内容，如下：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

然后Ctrl+C退出，再重新再项目根目录下执行命令**node ./main.js**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

可以看到，验证起作用了！

再测试一下unique唯一性

先查询一下person表中的数据，如下

![20210302161228672.png][]

已有一条username：“zhangsan”的记录了。现在再插入一条username：“zhangsan”的记录，如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

发现插入报错，这就说明unique：true的验证起作用了！

**注意，不要在如下mongo客户端执行插入命令，否则验证将会无用。mongo客户端可以执行查询操作**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzIzMjU2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

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