pe系统中将usb驱动导入_如何在Linux中将ISO文件刻录到USB驱动器

我就是我 2021-07-26 11:11 346阅读 0赞

![pe系统中将usb驱动导入][pe_usb]

pe系统中将usb驱动导入

![Plugging a USB flash drive into a laptop][][Alexey Rotanov/Shutterstock][Alexey Rotanov_Shutterstock] [阿列克谢·罗塔诺夫(Alexey Rotanov)/ Shutterstock][Alexey Rotanov_Shutterstock]

Linux users traditionally burned ISO files to DVD or CD, but many computers don’t have disc drives anymore. Creating a bootable USB drive is a better solution—it’ll work on most computers and will boot, run, and install faster.

传统上，Linux用户将ISO文件刻录到DVD或CD，但是许多计算机不再具有光盘驱动器。 创建可启动的USB驱动器是一个更好的解决方案-它可在大多数计算机上运行，并且可以更快地启动，运行和安装。

## 可引导Linux USB驱动器如何工作 **(**How Bootable Linux USB Drives Work**)** ##

Like a live CD or DVD, a bootable USB drive lets you run practically any Linux distribution without affecting your computer. You can also install a Linux distribution on your PC from it—no CD or DVD drive required. You can’t simply copy or extract the ISO file to the USB drive and expect it to work, however. While you don’t technically “burn” the ISO file to a USB drive, there’s a special process required to take a Linux ISO file and make a bootable USB drive with it.

与实时CD或DVD一样，可启动的USB驱动器使您几乎可以运行任何Linux发行版，而不会影响计算机。 您也可以从PC上安装Linux发行版-不需要CD或DVD驱动器。 但是，您不能简单地将ISO文件复制或提取到USB驱动器并期望它能工作。 从技术上讲，虽然您没有将ISO文件“刻录”到USB驱动器，但是需要特殊的过程来获取Linux ISO文件并使用它制作可引导的USB驱动器。

There are two ways to do this: Some Linux distributions include a graphical USB startup disk creator tool that will do it for you. You can also use the `dd` command to do this from a terminal on any Linux distro. Whichever method you choose, you’ll need the Linux distribution’s ISO file.

有两种方法可以执行此操作：一些Linux发行版包含一个图形USB启动磁盘创建器工具，可以为您完成此任务。 您还可以使用`dd`命令从任何Linux发行版的终端上执行此操作。 无论选择哪种方法，都需要Linux发行版的ISO文件。

For example, Ubuntu Linux has two built-in methods for creating a bootable USB drive. A bootable USB drive provides the same experience to the user as an Ubuntu Live DVD. It allows you to try out the popular [Unix-like][] operating system without making changes to the computer. When you are ready to install Ubuntu, you can use the USB drive as the installation medium.

例如，Ubuntu Linux具有两种用于创建可启动USB驱动器的内置方法。 可启动的USB驱动器为用户提供与Ubuntu Live DVD相同的体验。 它使您可以试用流行的[类Unix][Unix-like]操作系统，而无需对计算机进行更改。 准备安装Ubuntu时，可以使用USB驱动器作为安装介质。

You will require an Ubuntu installation ISO image to create the bootable USB drive, so make sure you have [downloaded the version of Ubuntu][] you wish to use.

您将需要一个Ubuntu安装ISO映像来创建可启动的USB驱动器，因此请确保您已[下载][downloaded the version of Ubuntu]要使用[的Ubuntu版本][downloaded the version of Ubuntu] 。

To be clear, this bootable USB drive will boot into a working copy of Ubuntu Linux but it will not save any changes you make. Each time you boot into the Ubuntu from this USB drive it will be a fresh instance of Ubuntu. If you want to be able to save changes and data you need to create a bootable USB drive with [persistent storage][]. That’s a more complicated process.

需要明确的是，该可启动USB驱动器将启动到Ubuntu Linux的工作副本中，但不会保存您所做的任何更改。 每次从该USB驱动器引导到Ubuntu时，它将是Ubuntu的一个新实例。 如果您希望能够保存更改和数据，则需要创建具有[持久性存储][persistent storage]的可启动USB驱动器。 那是一个更复杂的过程。

Just insert the resulting USB drive into any computer and [boot from the USB device][]. (On some PCs, you may also have to [disable Secure Boot][], depending on the Linux distribution you choose.)

只需将生成的USB驱动器插入任何计算机，然后[从USB设备启动即可][boot from the USB device] 。 (在某些PC上，您可能还必须[禁用“安全启动”][disable Secure Boot] ，具体取决于您选择的Linux发行版。)

While we’re using Ubuntu as an example here, this will work similarly with other Linux distributions.

虽然我们在这里以Ubuntu为例，但其他Linux发行版也可以类似地工作。

## 如何以图形方式制作可启动的USB驱动器 **(**How to Make a Bootable USB Drive Graphically**)** ##

The default Ubuntu installation includes an application called Startup Disk Creator, which we shall use to create our bootable USB drive. If you’re using another Linux distribution, it may include a similar utility. Check your Linux distribution’s documentation—you can search for it online—for more information.

默认的Ubuntu安装包括一个名为Startup Disk Creator的应用程序，我们将使用该应用程序创建可启动的USB驱动器。 如果您使用的是其他Linux发行版，则它可能包含类似的实用程序。 查看Linux发行版的文档(您可以在线搜索)以获取更多信息。

For Windows users, [we recommend Rufus for creating a live USB drive the easy way][].

对于Windows用户， [我们建议Rufus以简便的方式创建实时USB驱动器][we recommend Rufus for creating a live USB drive the easy way] 。

**Warning**: This will erase the contents of the target USB drive. To ensure you don’t accidentally write to the wrong USB drive by mistake, we recommend removing any other connected USB drives before continuing.

**警告** ：这将删除目标USB驱动器的内容。 为了确保您不会意外地错误地写入错误的USB驱动器，建议您在继续操作之前先卸下所有其他已连接的USB驱动器。

For Ubuntu, any USB drive of 4 GB capacity or greater should be fine. If your Linux ISO of choice is larger than that—most aren’t—you may need a larger USB drive.

对于Ubuntu，任何4 GB或更大容量的USB驱动器都可以。 如果您选择的Linux ISO大于(大多数不是)，则可能需要更大的USB驱动器。

When you are sure that the correct USB drive is the only one connected to your computer, launch Startup Disk Creator. To do so, press the Super key (that’s the Windows key on most keyboards) and type “startup disk.” The Startup Disk Creator icon will appear. Click its icon or press Enter.

当您确定正确的USB驱动器是连接到计算机的唯一驱动器时，请启动Startup Disk Creator。 为此，请按超级键(大多数键盘上的Windows键)，然后键入“启动盘”。 将出现启动磁盘创建器图标。 单击其图标或按Enter。

![startup disk creator icon][]

The Startup Disk Creator’s main window will appear. The USB device will be highlighted in the lower pane.

将出现启动磁盘创建器的主窗口。 USB设备将在下部窗格中突出显示。

![startup disk creator with the USB drive highlighted][]

Click the “Other” button. A standard file open dialog will appear. Browse to the location of your Ubuntu ISO file, highlight it and click the “Open” button.

点击“其他”按钮。 出现一个标准文件打开对话框。 浏览到您的Ubuntu ISO文件的位置，突出显示它，然后单击“打开”按钮。

![file open dialog][]

The Startup Disk Creator main window should now resemble the screenshot below. There should be an ISO image highlighted in the upper pane and a USB drive highlighted in the lower pane.

启动磁盘创建器主窗口现在应类似于以下屏幕截图。 上部窗格中应突出显示ISO映像，下部窗格中应突出显示USB驱动器。

![startup disk creator with ISO and USB drive highlighted][]

Confirm to yourself that the ISO image and the USB drive are correct. Click the “Make Startup Disk” button when you are happy to proceed.

自己确认ISO映像和USB驱动器是正确的。 当您乐意继续时，请单击“制作启动盘”按钮。

A warning appears to remind you that the USB drive will be completely wiped. This is your last chance to back out without making any changes to the USB drive. Click the “Yes” button to create the bootable USB drive.

出现警告，提醒您USB驱动器将被完全擦除。 这是您不更改USB驱动器而退出的最后机会。 单击“是”按钮创建可启动的USB驱动器。

![warning message yes no dialog][]

A progress bar shows you how close the creation process is to completion.

进度条显示创建过程离完成有多近。

![progress bar][]

A confirmation message appears to let you know when the creation of the bootable USB drive has completely finished. On the computer we used for this article, the process took about five minutes.

当可启动USB驱动器的创建完全完成时，会出现一条确认消息，通知您。 在我们用于本文的计算机上，该过程耗时约五分钟。

![Creation completed message][]

Click the “Quit” button. You can now either reboot your computer and boot from the USB drive or unplug the USB drive, take it to another computer, and boot it there.

点击“退出”按钮。 现在，您可以重新启动计算机并从USB驱动器启动，也可以拔下USB驱动器，将其带到另一台计算机上，然后从那里启动。

## 如何使用dd制作可启动USB驱动器 **(**How to Make a Bootable USB Drive With dd**)** ##

The tool we’ll use to create the bootable drive from the command line is the `dd` command.

用于从命令行创建可启动驱动器的工具是`dd`命令。

**Warning**: This command must be used very carefully. `dd` will do exactly what you tell it to, as soon as you tell it. There are no “Are you sure” questions or chances for backing out. `dd` just goes right ahead and carries out the instructions you’ve given it. So we need to be very careful that what we tell it to do is definitely what we want it to do.

**警告** ：必须非常小心地使用此命令。 只要您告诉`dd`就会完全按照您的指示进行操作。 没有“确定吗”的问题或退出的机会。 `dd`会继续执行您给出的说明。 因此，我们需要非常小心，以确保我们要执行的操作绝对是我们要执行的操作。

We need to know what device your USB drive is associated with. That way you know for sure what device identity to pass to `dd` on the command line.

我们需要知道您的USB驱动器与哪个设备关联。 这样，您就可以确定在命令行上将什么设备标识传递给`dd` 。

In a terminal window type the following command. The `lsblk` command [lists the block devices][] on your computer. Each drive has a block device associated with it.

在终端窗口中，键入以下命令。 `lsblk`命令[列出了][lists the block devices]计算机上[的块设备][lists the block devices] 。 每个驱动器都有一个与之关联的块设备。

lsblk

![lsblk in a terminal window][]

The output from `lsblk` will show the drives currently connected to your computer. There is one internal hard drive on this machine called `sda` and there is one partition on it called `sda1`.

`lsblk`的输出将显示当前连接到计算机的驱动器。 这台计算机上有一个内部硬盘驱动器，称为`sda` ，在其上有一个分区，名为`sda1` 。

![output from lsblk in a terminal window][]

Plug in your USB drive and use the `lsblk` command once more. The output from `lsblk` will have changed. The USB drive will now be listed in the output.

插入USB驱动器，然后再次使用`lsblk`命令。 `lsblk`的输出将更改。 现在将在输出中列出USB驱动器。

![output of lsblk with USB drive in a terminal window][]

There is a new entry in the list, called `sdb` and it has two partitions on it. One partition is called `sdb1` and is 1 KB in size. The other partition is called `sdb5` and is 14.6 GB in size.

列表中有一个名为`sdb`的新条目，它具有两个分区。 一个分区称为`sdb1` ，大小为1 KB。 另一个分区称为`sdb5` ，大小为14.6 GB。

That is our USB drive. The identifier we need to use is the one representing the drive, not either of the partitions. In our example this is `sdb`. Regardless of how it is named on your computer, the device that was *not* in the previous `lsblk` listing *must* be the USB drive.

那就是我们的USB驱动器。 我们需要使用的标识符是代表驱动器的标识符，而不是任何一个分区。 在我们的示例中，这是`sdb` 。 无论在计算机上如何命名，以前的`lsblk`列表中*未*列出的设备都*必须*是USB驱动器。

The command we are going to issue to `dd` is as follows:

我们要向`dd`发出的命令如下：

sudo dd bs=4M if=Downloads/ubuntu-19.04-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdb conv=fdatasync

![the dd command in a terminal window][]

Let’s break that down.

让我们分解一下。

*  *sudo*: You need to be a superuser to issue `dd` commands. You will be prompted for your password.
    
    *sudo* ：您需要成为超级用户才能发出`dd`命令。 系统将提示您输入密码。
 *  *dd*: The name of the command we’re using.
    
    *dd* ：我们正在使用的命令的名称。
 *  *bs=4M*: The `-bs` (blocksize) option defines the size of each chunk that is read from the input file and wrote to the output device. 4 MB is a good choice because it gives decent throughput and it is an exact multiple of 4 KB, which is the blocksize of the ext4 filesystem. This gives an efficient read and write rate.
    
    *bs = 4M* ： `-bs` (blocksize)选项定义从输入文件读取并写入输出设备的每个块的大小。 4 MB是一个不错的选择，因为它提供了不错的吞吐量，并且是4 KB的精确倍数，这是ext4文件系统的块大小。 这提供了有效的读写速率。
 *  *if=Downloads/ubuntu-19.04-desktop-amd64.iso*: The `-if` (input file) option requires the path and name of the Linux ISO image you are using as the input file.
    
    *if = Downloads / ubuntu-19.04-desktop-amd64.iso* ： `-if` (输入文件)选项需要用作输入文件的Linux ISO映像的路径和名称。
 *  *of=/dev/sdb*: The `-of` (output file) is the critical parameter. This must be provided with the device that represents your USB drive. This is the value we identified by using the `lsblk` command previously. in our example it is `sdb`, so we are using `/dev/sdb`. Your USB drive might have a different identifier. Make sure you provide the correct identifier.
    
    *of = / dev / sdb* ： `-of` (输出文件)是关键参数。 这必须随代表USB驱动器的设备一起提供。 这是我们之前使用`lsblk`命令确定的值。 在我们的示例中是`sdb` ，因此我们使用`/dev/sdb` 。 您的USB驱动器可能具有不同的标识符。 确保提供正确的标识符。
 *  *conv=fdatasync*: The `conv` parameter dictates how `dd` converts the input file as it is written to the output device. `dd` uses kernel disk caching when it writes to the USB drive. The `fdatasync` modifier ensure the write buffers are flushed correctly and completely before the creation process is flagged as having finished.
    
    *conv = fdatasync* ： `conv`参数指示`dd`将输入文件写入输出设备时如何转换输入文件。 `dd`写入USB驱动器时会使用内核磁盘缓存。 `fdatasync`修饰符可确保在将创建过程标记为已完成之前，正确且彻底地刷新写缓冲区。

There is no visual feedback from `dd` at all as the creation progress takes place. It goes to work and doesn’t report anything until it has finished.

随着创建进度的进行， `dd`根本没有视觉反馈。 它可以正常工作，直到完成后才报告任何内容。

**Update**: In recent versions, `dd` now has a `status=progress` option that provides updates on the process once per second.  For example, you could run this command instead to see the status:

**更新** ：在最新版本中， `dd`现在具有`status=progress`选项，该选项每秒提供一次有关进程的更新。 例如，您可以运行以下命令来查看状态：

sudo dd bs=4M if=Downloads/ubuntu-19.04-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdb conv=fdatasync status=progerss

When the bootable USB drive has been created `dd` reports the amount of data that was written to the USB drive, the elapsed time in seconds and the average data transfer rate.

创建可引导USB驱动器后， `dd`报告已写入USB驱动器的数据量，经过的时间(以秒为单位)和平均数据传输速率。

![creation summary message][]

You can check the bootable USB drive works by rebooting your computer and booting from the USB drive, or you can try booting from it in another computer.

您可以通过重新引导计算机并从USB驱动器引导来检查可引导USB驱动器是否正常工作，也可以尝试在另一台计算机上从其引导。

You now have a portable working copy of Ubuntu or another Linux distribution of your choice. It will be pristine every time you boot it, and you can boot it on practically any PC you like.

现在，您有了可移植的Ubuntu或您选择的Linux发行版的工作副本。 每次启动时它都是原始的，并且几乎可以在任何喜欢的PC上启动它。

> 翻译自: [https://www.howtogeek.com/414574/how-to-burn-an-iso-file-to-a-usb-drive-in-linux/][https_www.howtogeek.com_414574_how-to-burn-an-iso-file-to-a-usb-drive-in-linux]

pe系统中将usb驱动导入

[pe_usb]: /images/20210726/de2497141d0a4bcab545727d72a9ab34.png
[Plugging a USB flash drive into a laptop]: /images/20210726/1d66adf7feb5476cb8615894efd98d9b.png
[Alexey Rotanov_Shutterstock]: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/usb-flash-drive-laptop-211208341
[Unix-like]: https://www.howtogeek.com/182649/htg-explains-what-is-unix/
[downloaded the version of Ubuntu]: https://www.ubuntu.com/download
[persistent storage]: https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/14912/create-a-persistent-bootable-ubuntu-usb-flash-drive/
[boot from the USB device]: https://www.howtogeek.com/129815/beginner-geek-how-to-change-the-boot-order-in-your-computers-bios/
[disable Secure Boot]: https://www.howtogeek.com/175641/how-to-boot-and-install-linux-on-a-uefi-pc-with-secure-boot/
[we recommend Rufus for creating a live USB drive the easy way]: https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/linux/create-a-bootable-ubuntu-usb-flash-drive-the-easy-way/
[startup disk creator icon]: /images/20210726/6ef2cce4b0b34d34a55dd1d130ed4776.png
[startup disk creator with the USB drive highlighted]: /images/20210726/e2609b938d16480dbbd0ddbc7a8283e7.png
[file open dialog]: /images/20210726/ecc8a3965fb74fd9b3163b1c5e76f2d6.png
[startup disk creator with ISO and USB drive highlighted]: /images/20210726/0ec53538a7f04ae88288e7720d9d4e94.png
[warning message yes no dialog]: /images/20210726/e14fe968f98544e9bc7b8540d9cf1a02.png
[progress bar]: /images/20210726/dfa16d67d586421eafc4baa4e886a56d.png
[Creation completed message]: /images/20210726/ed03a3067e5045aaba0b45a20c5cd929.png
[lists the block devices]: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/lsblk.8.html
[lsblk in a terminal window]: /images/20210726/5e57f3b2c6d44aed8410cebfb1804bcf.png
[output from lsblk in a terminal window]: /images/20210726/74ada5cdf00b4a959414a9bfc6d61978.png
[output of lsblk with USB drive in a terminal window]: /images/20210726/877f390ca7da4244b96bd9b27cc44b41.png
[the dd command in a terminal window]: /images/20210726/a88cc5f730cf4f7986f4a00f4c740d6b.png
[creation summary message]: /images/20210726/133dab992a7642bcb59e887d00ed0f62.png
[https_www.howtogeek.com_414574_how-to-burn-an-iso-file-to-a-usb-drive-in-linux]: https://www.howtogeek.com/414574/how-to-burn-an-iso-file-to-a-usb-drive-in-linux/