python 找不到ssl模块问题 no module named _ssl

╰半夏微凉° 2021-08-26 13:09 634阅读 0赞

python安装完毕后，提示找不到ssl模块：

[www@pythontab.com ~]$ python
    Python 2.7.15 (default, Oct 23 2018, 18:08:43)
    [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)] on linux2
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> import ssl
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/ssl.py", line 60, in <module>
    import _ssl # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
    ImportError: No module named _ssl
    >>>

解决方法：

**1. 查看openssl安装包，发现缺少openssl-devel包**

[www@pythontab.com ~]$ rpm -aq|grep openssl
    openssl-0.9.8e-20.el5
    openssl-0.9.8e-20.el5
    [www@pythontab.com ~]$

**2. yum安装openssl-devel**

[www@pythontab.com ~]$ yum install openssl-devel -y
    #查看安装结果
    [www@pythontab.com ~]$ rpm -aq|grep openssl
    openssl-devel-1.0.1e-57.el6.x86_64
    openssl-1.0.1e-57.el6.x86_64

**3. 重新编译python**

修改Setup文件

vi /src/Python-2.7.15/Modules/Setup

修改结果如下：

# Socket module helper for socket(2)
    _socket socketmodule.c timemodule.c
    # Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other
    # socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:
    #SSL=/usr/local/ssl
    _ssl _ssl.c \
    -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
    -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

**4. 重新编译**

进入源码目录，重新编译安装

[www@pythontab.com ~]$ cd /src/Python-2.7.15/
    [www@pythontab.com ~]$ make
    [www@pythontab.com ~]$ make install

**5. 测试，已可正常使用。**

[www@pythontab.com ~]$ python
    Python 2.7.15 (default, Oct 23 2018, 19:08:43)
    [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)] on linux2
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> import ssl
    >>>

注：如需保留旧版本的就不需要执行 6 .7两部

**6 重命名旧版本的python依赖**

ll /usr/bin | grep python
    mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7

**7 删除旧的软链接，创建新的软链接到最新的python**

rm -rf /usr/bin/python
    ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python
    python -V

使用yum命令报错File "/usr/bin/yum", line 30 except KeyboardInterrupt, e:

**问题出现原因：**

yum包管理是使用python2.x写的，将python2.x升级到python3.1.3以后，由于python版本语法兼容性导致问题出现

解决办法：

修改yum配置文件，将python版本指向以前的旧版本

# vi /usr/bin/yum
    #!/usr/bin/python2.7
    修改urlgrabber-ext-down文件，更改python版本
    
    # vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
    #!/usr/bin/python2.7
    Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/six/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping

**如需安装pip**

下载相关文件

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py

执行

/usr/local/python/bin/python3 get-pip.py

**添加环境变量**

添加下面这条参数

export PATH=/usr/local/python/bin:$PATH

保存

source ~/.bash_profile

测试 执行

[root@huo ~]# python3
    Python 3.6.5 (default, Apr 1 2018, 20:41:34)
    [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>>

**执行脚本如下:**

vim install\_python.sh

#!/bin/bash
    echo "正在安装相关组件"
    yum install -y openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel gcc-c++ gcc openssl-devel
      
    echo "下载安装包"
    wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
      
    echo "正在解压安装包"
    tar -xf Python-3.6.5.tgz -C /root/ && cd /root/Python-3.6.5/
      
    echo "添加ssl支持"
    cat >> /root/Python-3.6.5/Modules/Setup.dist <<"EOF"
    _socket socketmodule.c
      
    SSL=/usr/local/ssl
    _ssl _ssl.c \
    -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
    -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
    EOF
      
    echo "正在编译安装Python"
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python && make && make install
    cd /root
      
    echo "删除安装包"
    rm -rf /root/Python-3.6.5.tgz && rm -rf /root/Python-3.6.5
      
    echo "正在添加环境变量"
    echo "export PATH=/usr/local/python/bin:$PATH">> ~/.bash_profile
    source ~/.bash_profile
      
    echo "安装完成,请执行python3进行测试"