SpringBoot使用MockMvc对Controller层进行单元测试

喜欢ヅ旅行 2021-08-29 21:53 670阅读 0赞

Mockito是GitHub上使用最广泛的Mocking框架。它提供简洁的API来测试。Mockito简单易学、可读性强、验证语法简洁。

**【示例】**使用Mockito框架，对Controller层进行单元测试。

创建UserController（用户信息控制器）。

package com.pjb.controller;
     
    import com.pjb.entity.UserInfo;
    import com.pjb.service.UserService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
     
    /**
     * 用户信息控制器
     * @author pan_junbiao
     **/
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("user")
    public class UserController
    {
        @Autowired
        private UserService userService;
     
        /**
         * 获取用户信息
         * RESTful接口
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public UserInfo getUserInfo(@PathVariable("id")int userId)
        {
            UserInfo userInfo = userService.getUserInfoById(userId);
            return userInfo;
        }
     
        /**
         * 根据用户ID，获取用户信息
         */
        @RequestMapping("/getUserInfoById")
        public UserInfo getUserInfoById(@RequestParam(value = "user_id", defaultValue = "0") int userId)
        {
            UserInfo userInfo = userService.getUserInfoById(userId);
            return userInfo;
        }
     
        /**
         * 新增用户信息
         * 参数：接收对象型参数
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/addUserByEntity", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public boolean addUserByEntity(@RequestBody UserInfo userInfo)
        {
            boolean result = userService.addUser(userInfo);
            return result;
        }
     
        /**
         * 新增用户信息
         * 参数：接收多个参数
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/addUserByParam", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public boolean addUserByParam(String userName,String blogUrl,String blogRemark)
        {
            UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo();
            userInfo.setUserName(userName);
            userInfo.setBlogUrl(blogUrl);
            userInfo.setBlogRemark(blogRemark);
     
            boolean result = userService.addUser(userInfo);
            return result;
        }
    }

（2）实现Controller层的单元测试。

package com.pjb.controller;
     
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import com.pjb.entity.UserInfo;
    import org.junit.Assert;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
    import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
    import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
    import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
     
    /**
     * 用户信息控制器测试类
     * @author pan_junbiao
     **/
    @SpringBootTest
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    class UserControllerTest
    {
        //启用Web上下文
        @Autowired
        private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
     
        private MockMvc mockMvc;
     
        @BeforeEach
        private void setUp()
        {
            //使用上下文构建MockMvc
            mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
        }
     
        @AfterEach
        private void tearDown()
        {
        }
     
        /**
         * 根据用户ID，获取用户信息
         * RESTful接口
         */
        @Test
        public void getUserInfo() throws Exception
        {
            //执行请求（使用GET请求，RESTful接口）
            MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/{id}",1).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andReturn();
     
            //获取返回编码
            int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
     
            //获取返回结果
            String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
     
            //断言，判断返回编码是否正确
            Assert.assertEquals(200,status);
     
            //将JSON转换为对象
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            UserInfo  userInfo = mapper.readValue(content, UserInfo.class);
     
            //打印结果
            System.out.println("用户ID：" + userInfo.getUserId());
            System.out.println("用户姓名：" + userInfo.getUserName());
            System.out.println("博客地址：" + userInfo.getBlogUrl());
            System.out.println("博客信息：" + userInfo.getBlogRemark());
        }
     
        /**
         * 根据用户ID，获取用户信息
         * 使用GET请求
         */
        @Test
        public void getUserInfoById() throws Exception
        {
            //执行请求（使用GET请求）
            MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/getUserInfoById").param("user_id","1").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andReturn();
     
            //获取返回编码
            int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
     
            //获取返回结果
            String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
     
            //断言，判断返回编码是否正确
            Assert.assertEquals(200,status);
     
            //将JSON转换为对象
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            UserInfo  userInfo = mapper.readValue(content, UserInfo.class);
     
            //打印结果
            System.out.println("用户ID：" + userInfo.getUserId());
            System.out.println("用户姓名：" + userInfo.getUserName());
            System.out.println("博客地址：" + userInfo.getBlogUrl());
            System.out.println("博客信息：" + userInfo.getBlogRemark());
        }
     
        /**
         * 新增用户信息
         * 使用POST请求，传递对象型参数
         */
        @Test
        public void addUserByEntity() throws Exception
        {
            //创建新用户
            UserInfo userParam = new UserInfo();
            userParam.setUserName("pan_junbiao的博客");
            userParam.setBlogUrl("https://blog.csdn.net/pan_junbiao");
            userParam.setBlogRemark("您好，欢迎访问 pan_junbiao的博客");
     
            //将参数转换成JSON对象
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(userParam);
     
            //执行请求（使用POST请求，传递对象参数）
            MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user/addUserByEntity").content(json).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andReturn();
     
            //获取返回编码
            int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
     
            //获取返回结果
            String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
     
            //断言，判断返回编码是否正确
            Assert.assertEquals(200,status);
     
            //断言，判断返回结果是否正确
            Assert.assertEquals("true",content);
        }
     
        /**
         * 多个参数的传递
         * 使用POST请求，传递多个参数
         */
        @Test
        public void addUserByParam() throws Exception
        {
            //多个参数的传递
            MultiValueMap<String, String> params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
            params.add("userName","pan_junbiao的博客");
            params.add("blogUrl","https://blog.csdn.net/pan_junbiao");
            params.add("blogRemark","您好，欢迎访问 pan_junbiao的博客");
     
            //执行请求（使用POST请求，传递多个参数）
            MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user/addUserByParam").params(params)).andReturn();
     
            //获取返回编码
            int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
     
            //获取返回结果
            String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
     
            //断言，判断返回编码是否正确
            Assert.assertEquals(200,status);
     
            //断言，判断返回结果是否正确
            Assert.assertEquals("true",content);
        }
    }

**执行结果：**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Bhbl9qdW5iaWFv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Bhbl9qdW5iaWFv_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20210724/16f7a90791934483b87a4d57146aad7f.png