基于spring与mockito单元测试Mock对象注入

谁借莪１个温暖的怀抱￠ 2021-09-19 13:58 446阅读 0赞

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**1.关键词**

**单元测试**、spring、mockito

**2.概述**

单元测试目前已经成为项目中保证代码质量的一种必要方法，对于一些不易构造或者不易获取的对象通过mock的方式进行测试是一种很有效的处理办法。在基于spring的mock测试中，mock对象获取和使用的便利性可以提升单元测试代码的质量。

**3.实现原理**

Mock对象的注入使用注解和反射，对象注入依赖spring框架支持junit4提供的TestExcutionListeners监听器对象，在监听器中将mock对象注入到单元测试类中。

**4.新建对象方式代码**

<table style="border-style:solid;width:612.727px;"> 
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  <tr> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      private IAccessServiceaccessService = Mockito.mock(IAccessService.class); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      @BeforeClass 
    </div> 
    <div>
      public static void beforeClass(){ 
    </div> 
    <div>
      // 构造并注入Mock对象ICmsProxyService 
    </div> 
    <div>
      sceneConfigService.setAccessService(accessService); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**5.监听器方式代码**

**　　5.1  实现监听器**

继承DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener类，

实现injectDependencies(TestContexttestContext)方法

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    <div>
      public class MockitoDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener extends 
    </div> 
    <div>
      DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener { 
    </div> 
    <div>
      @Override 
    </div> 
    <div>
      protected void injectDependencies(TestContext testContext) throws Exception { 
    </div> 
    <div>
      super.injectDependencies(testContext); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      init(testContext); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**5.2 利用反射注入mock对象**

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11.8182px;font-weight:normal;border-style:solid;width:612.727px;"> 
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   <td> 
    <div>
      private void init(final TestContext testContext)throws Exception { 
    </div> 
    <div>
      Object bean = testContext.getTestInstance(); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      Field[] fields = bean.getClass().getDeclaredFields(); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      for (Field field : fields) { 
    </div> 
    <div>
      Annotation[] annotations = field.getAnnotations(); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      for (Annotation annotation : annotations) { 
    </div> 
    <div>
      if(annotationinstanceof Mock){ 
    </div> 
    <div>
      //注入Mock实例 
    </div> 
    <div>
      MockObject obj = new MockObject(); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      obj.setType(field.getType()); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      obj.setObj(Mockito.mock(field.getType())); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      field.setAccessible(true); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      field.set(bean, obj.getObj()); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      mockObjectMap.put(field.getName(), obj); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      }else if(annotation instanceofAutowired){ 
    </div> 
    <div>
      injectFields.add(field); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table style="border-style:solid;width:612.727px;"> 
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   <td> 
    <div>
      AutowireCapableBeanFactory factory =testContext.getApplicationContext().getAutowireCapableBeanFactory(); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      //Autowired注解注入mock对象 
    </div> 
    <div>
      for (Field field :injectFields) { 
    </div> 
    <div>
      field.setAccessible(true); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      Object object = field.get(bean); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      if(objectinstanceof Proxy){ 
    </div> 
    <div>
      Class targetClass = AopUtils.getTargetClass(object); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      if(targetClass ==null) 
    </div> 
    <div>
      return; 
    </div> 
    <div>
      Field[] targetFields =targetClass.getDeclaredFields(); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      for(Field targetField : targetFields){ 
    </div> 
    <div>
      targetField.setAccessible(true); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      if(mockObjectMap.get(targetField.getName()) ==null){ 
    </div> 
    <div>
      continue; 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> 
    <div>
      targetField.set(getTargetObject(object,mockObjectMap.get(targetField.getName()).getType()),mockObjectMap.get(targetField.getName()).getObj()); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> 
    <div>
      }else{ 
    </div> 
    <div>
      Object realObject = factory.getBean(field.getName()); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      if(null != realObject){ 
    </div> 
    <div>
      Method[] methods = realObject.getClass().getDeclaredMethods(); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      for (Method method : methods) { 
    </div> 
    <div>
      if(method.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("set" +field.getName())){ 
    </div> 
    <div>
      method.invoke(realObject, mockObjectMap.get(field.getName()).getObj()); 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**5.3 测试类配置**

使用@TestExecutionListeners注解，引入监听器，需要mock的对象加上@Mock注解。

<table style="border-style:solid;width:612.727px;"> 
 <tbody> 
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   <td> 
    <div>
      @TestExecutionListeners({MockitoDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class}) 
    </div> 
    <div>
      public class AccessServiceImplTest extends BaseTestCase{ 
    </div> 
    <div>
      @Autowired 
    </div> 
    <div>
      private IAccessServiceaccessService; 
    </div> 
    <div>
      @Mock 
    </div> 
    <div>
      private IPersonServicepersonService; 
    </div> 
    <div>
      @Mock 
    </div> 
    <div>
      private IAccessDaoaccessDao; 
    </div> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**　6.总结**

监听器的方式解放了代码中硬编码注入mock对象，使得代码简洁干净。

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