Linux 通用的软件包发行和管理工具 snap

﹏ヽ暗。殇╰゛Y 2021-09-22 00:20 905阅读 0赞

本文链接: [https://xiets.blog.csdn.net/article/details/117266998][https_xiets.blog.csdn.net_article_details_117266998]

# 1. Snap #

`Snap` 是由 [Canonical][] 推出的安全通用的 Linux 软件打包和部署系统。与传统 Linux 的 deb、rpm 软件包相比，Snap 更安全、**通用**，可以在包括 Ubuntu、Debian、Fedora、CentOS、Red Hat、Arch Linux、Kaili Linux、openSUSE 等一系列 Linux 发行版中通过 snapd 来安装使用 snap 应用（包括基于桌面的 GUI 应用 和 基于服务端的 CLI 应用）。

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 开始，Snapd 已默认安装在系统中，可以直接使用，其他没有安装 Snapd 的 Linux 系统可手动安装 ([Installing-Snapd][]) 。

相关名词:

*  **snap**: Snapd 的命令行接口，也是 Snap 应用的软件包格式
 *  **snapd**: 管理和维护 Snap 应用的后台服务
 *  **snapcraft**: 用于构建 Snap 应用的命令和框架
 *  **Snap Store**: Snap 软件应用商店，可以上传你的 Snap 应用供用户浏览和安装

其他 Linux 软件包管理工具：

*  [apt (Debian/Ubuntu)][apt _Debian_Ubuntu]
 *  [yum/dnf (Fedora/CentOS/RedHat)][yum_dnf _Fedora_CentOS_RedHat]
 *  [apk (Alpine Linux)][apk _Alpine Linux]

# 2. Snap 的基本命令 #

运行 snap 命令需要管理员权限 (root)。

snap install <snap>                         # 安装 snap 应用
    
    snap remove <snap>                          # 卸载 snap 应用
    
    snap refresh <snap>                         # 更新 snap 应用
    snap refresh <snap> channel=latest/stable   # 更新指定通道版本
    snap refresh --list                         # 列出可更新 snap 应用
    
    snap list                                   # 列出已安装的 snap 应用
    
    snap info <snap>                            # 查看 snap 应用的详细信息
    
    snap find <snap>                            # 搜索 snap 应用

> snap 的子命令可以通过 `snap help <command>` 或 `snap <command> --help` 查看子命令的相关可用参数和帮助信息，如: `snap hep install`

# 3. snap help --all #

$ snap
    The snap command lets you install, configure, refresh and remove snaps.
    Snaps are packages that work across many different Linux distributions,
    enabling secure delivery and operation of the latest apps and utilities.
    
    Usage: snap <command> [<options>...]
    
    Commonly used commands can be classified as follows:
    
             Basics: find, info, install, remove, list
            ...more: refresh, revert, switch, disable, enable, create-cohort
            History: changes, tasks, abort, watch
            Daemons: services, start, stop, restart, logs
        Permissions: connections, interface, connect, disconnect
      Configuration: get, set, unset, wait
        App Aliases: alias, aliases, unalias, prefer
            Account: login, logout, whoami
          Snapshots: saved, save, check-snapshot, restore, forget
             Device: model, reboot, recovery
          ... Other: warnings, okay, known, ack, version
        Development: download, pack, run, try
    
    For more information about a command, run 'snap help <command>'.
    For a short summary of all commands, run 'snap help --all'.
    
    
    
    $ snap help --all
    
    The snap command lets you install, configure, refresh and remove snaps.
    Snaps are packages that work across many different Linux distributions,
    enabling secure delivery and operation of the latest apps and utilities.
    
    Usage: snap <command> [<options>...]
    
    Commands can be classified as follows:
    
      Basics (basic snap management):
        find             Find packages to install
        info             Show detailed information about snaps
        install          Install snaps on the system
        remove           Remove snaps from the system
        list             List installed snaps
    
      ...more (slightly more advanced snap management):
        refresh          Refresh snaps in the system
        revert           Reverts the given snap to the previous state
        switch           Switches snap to a different channel
        disable          Disable a snap in the system
        enable           Enable a snap in the system
        create-cohort    Create cohort keys for a set of snaps
    
      History (manage system change transactions):
        changes          List system changes
        tasks            List a change's tasks abort Abort a pending change watch Watch a change in progress Daemons (manage services): services Query the status of services start Start services stop Stop services restart Restart services logs Retrieve logs for services Permissions (manage permissions): connections List interface connections interface Show details of snap interfaces connect Connect a plug to a slot disconnect Disconnect a plug from a slot Configuration (system administration and configuration): get Print configuration options set Change configuration options unset Remove configuration options wait Wait for configuration App Aliases (manage aliases): alias Set up a manual alias aliases List aliases in the system unalias Remove a manual alias, or the aliases for an entire snap prefer Enable aliases from a snap, disabling any conflicting aliases Account (authentication to snapd and the snap store): login Authenticate to snapd and the store logout Log out of snapd and the store whoami Show the email the user is logged in with Snapshots (archives of snap data): saved List currently stored snapshots save Save a snapshot of the current data check-snapshot Check a snapshot restore Restore a snapshot forget Delete a snapshot export-snapshot Export a snapshot import-snapshot Import a snapshot Device (manage device): model Get the active model for this device reboot Reboot into selected system and mode recovery List available recovery systems Warnings (manage warnings): warnings List warnings okay Acknowledge warnings Assertions (manage assertions): known Show known assertions of the provided type ack Add an assertion to the system Introspection (introspection and debugging of snapd): version Show version details debug Run debug commands Development (developer-oriented features): download Download the given snap pack Pack the given directory as a snap run Run the given snap command try Test an unpacked snap in the system prepare-image Prepare a device image For more information about a command, run 'snap help <command>'.

[https_xiets.blog.csdn.net_article_details_117266998]: https://xiets.blog.csdn.net/article/details/117266998
[Canonical]: https://canonical.com/
[Installing-Snapd]: https://snapcraft.io/docs/installing-snapd
[https_snapcraft.io]: https://snapcraft.io/
[https_snapcraft.io_docs]: https://snapcraft.io/docs
[https_snapcraft.io_store]: https://snapcraft.io/store
[Snap]: https://cn.ubuntu.com/blog/what-is-snap-application
[apt _Debian_Ubuntu]: https://xiets.blog.csdn.net/article/details/117204343
[yum_dnf _Fedora_CentOS_RedHat]: https://xiets.blog.csdn.net/article/details/117205082
[apk _Alpine Linux]: https://xiets.blog.csdn.net/article/details/117205211