RabbitMQ：RabbitAdmin 与 RabbitTemplate 使用

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2021-10-01 11:32 283阅读 0赞

## RabbitAdmin ##

*  该类封装了对 RabbitMQ 的管理操作

@Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){
        return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
    }
    
    @Autowired
    private RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin;

*  Exchange 操作

//创建四种类型的 Exchange，均为持久化，不自动删除
    rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("direct.exchange",true,false));
    rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange("topic.exchange",true,false));
    rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new FanoutExchange("fanout.exchange",true,false));
    rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new HeadersExchange("header.exchange",true,false));
    //删除 Exchange
    rabbitAdmin.deleteExchange("header.exchange");

*  Queue 操作

//定义队列，均为持久化
    rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("debug",true));
    rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("info",true));
    rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("error",true));
    //删除队列      rabbitAdmin.deleteQueue("debug");
    //将队列中的消息全消费掉
    rabbitAdmin.purgeQueue("info",false);

*  Binding 绑定

//绑定队列到交换器，通过路由键
    rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("debug",Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
            "direct.exchange","key.1",new HashMap()));
    
    rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("info",Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
            "direct.exchange","key.2",new HashMap()));
    
    rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("error",Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
            "direct.exchange","key.3",new HashMap()));
    
    //进行解绑
    rabbitAdmin.removeBinding(BindingBuilder.bind(new Queue("info")).
            to(new TopicExchange("direct.exchange")).with("key.2"));
    
    //使用BindingBuilder进行绑定
    rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(BindingBuilder.bind(new Queue("info")).
            to(new TopicExchange("topic.exchange")).with("key.#"));
    
    //声明topic类型的exchange
    rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange("exchange1",true,false));
    rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange("exchange2",true,false));
    
    //exchange与exchange绑定
    rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("exchange1",Binding.DestinationType.EXCHANGE,
            "exchange2","key.4",new HashMap()));

## RabbitTemplate ##

*  Spring AMQP 提供了 RabbitTemplate 来简化 RabbitMQ 发送和接收消息操作

@Autowired
    private RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin;

### RabbitTemplate 初始化 ###

*  设置 RabbitTemplate 的默认交换器、默认路由键、默认队列

### 发送消息 ###

*  send （自定义消息 Message）

Message message = new Message("hello".getBytes(),new MessageProperties());
    // 发送消息到默认的交换器，默认的路由键
    rabbitTemplate.send(message);
    // 发送消息到指定的交换器，指定的路由键
    rabbitTemplate.send("direct.exchange","key.1",message);
    // 发送消息到指定的交换器，指定的路由键
    rabbitTemplate.send("direct.exchange","key.1",message,new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString()));

*  convertAndSend（自动 Java 对象包装成 Message 对象，Java 对象需要实现 Serializable 序列化接口）

User user = new User("linyuan");
    // 发送消息到默认的交换器，默认的路由键
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(user);
    // 发送消息到指定的交换器，指定的路由键，设置消息 ID
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("direct.exchange","key.1",user,new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString()));
    // 发送消息到指定的交换器，指定的路由键，在消息转换完成后，通过 MessagePostProcessor 来添加属性
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("direct.exchange","key.1",user,mes -> {
        mes.getMessageProperties().setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
            return mes;
    });

### 接收消息 ###

*  receive（返回 Message 对象）

// 接收来自指定队列的消息，并设置超时时间
    Message msg = rabbitTemplate.receive("debug",2000l);

*  receiveAndConvert（将返回 Message 转换成 Java 对象）

User user = (User) rabbitTemplate.receiveAndConvert();

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