Arduino 串口的一些高级用法

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2021-10-30 07:04 372阅读 0赞

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**1.配置串口通信数据位、校验位、停止位** 通常我们使用**Serial.begin(speed)**来完成串口的初始化，这种方式，只能配置串口的波特率。 而使用**Serial.begin(speed, config)**可以配置数据位、校验位、停止位等。 例如Serial.begin(9600,SERIAL\_8E2)是将串口波特率设为9600，数据位8，偶校验，停止位2。 config可用配置如下：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>config可选配置</td> 
   <td>数据位</td> 
   <td>校验位</td> 
   <td>停止位</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>config可选配置</td> 
   <td>数据位</td> 
   <td>校验位</td> 
   <td>停止位</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_5N1</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>无</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_5E2</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>偶</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_6N1</td> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>无</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_6E2</td> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>偶</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_7N1</td> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>无</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_7E2</td> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>偶</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_8N1</td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>无</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_8E2</td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>偶</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_5N2</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>无</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_5O1</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>奇</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_6N2</td> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>无</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_6O1</td> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>奇</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_7N2</td> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>无</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_7O1</td> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>奇</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_8N2</td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>无</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_8O1</td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>奇</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_5E1</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>偶</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_5O2</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>奇</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_6E1</td> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>偶</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_6O2</td> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>奇</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_7E1</td> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>偶</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_7O2</td> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>奇</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SERIAL_8E1</td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>偶</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>　</td> 
   <td>SERIAL_8O2</td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>奇</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**2. if (Serial)的用法** 当串口被打开时，Serial的值为真。串口被关闭时Serial的值为假。 比较囧的是，这个方法只适用于Leonardo和micro的Serial，也就是说连接连接到电脑USB的那个模拟串口。 例如以下程序，当你没有使用串口监视器打开串口时，程序就会一直循环运行while (!Serial) \{;\} ，当你打开串口监视器，程序会退出while循环，开始loop中的程序。

![kit.png][][kittenblock中小学创客名师推荐的图形化编程软件][kittenblock]

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div> 
     <span><span><span><span>void<span> <span><span><span>setup<span><span><span>()<span> { </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp;&nbsp;Serial.begin( 
     <span><span>9600); </span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp;&nbsp; 
     <span><span>while (!Serial) {;}</span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div> 
     <span><span><span><span>void<span> <span><span><span>loop<span><span><span>()<span> { </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**3.read和peek输入方式的差异** 串口接收到的数据都会暂时存放在接收缓冲区中，使用read()与peek()都是从接收缓冲区中读取数据。不同的是，使用read()读取数据后，会将该数据从接收缓冲区移除；而使用peek()读取时，不会移除接收缓冲区中的数据。 你可以使用以下程序，观察其运行结果：

![kit.png][][kittenblock中小学创客名师推荐的图形化编程软件][kittenblock]

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div> 
     <span><span>char col;</span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div> 
     <span><span><span><span>void<span> <span><span><span>setup<span><span><span>()<span> { </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp;&nbsp;Serial.begin( 
     <span><span>9600); </span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div> 
     <span><span><span><span>void<span> <span><span><span>loop<span><span><span>()<span> { </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp;&nbsp; 
     <span><span>while(Serial.available()&gt;<span><span>0){ </span></span></span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp; &nbsp; col=Serial.read(); 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp; &nbsp; Serial.print( 
     <span><span>"Read: "); </span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp; &nbsp; Serial.println(col); 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp; &nbsp; delay( 
     <span><span>1000);</span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp;&nbsp;} 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

![kit.png][][kittenblock中小学创客名师推荐的图形化编程软件][kittenblock]

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div> 
     <span><span>char col;</span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div> 
     <span><span><span><span>void<span> <span><span><span>setup<span><span><span>()<span> { </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp;&nbsp;Serial.begin( 
     <span><span>9600); </span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div> 
     <span><span><span><span>void<span> <span><span><span>loop<span><span><span>()<span> { </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp;&nbsp; 
     <span><span>while(Serial.available()&gt;<span><span>0){ </span></span></span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp; &nbsp; col=Serial.peek(); 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp; &nbsp; Serial.print( 
     <span><span>"Read: "); </span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp; &nbsp; Serial.println(col); 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp; &nbsp; delay( 
     <span><span>1000);</span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp;&nbsp;} 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**4. 串口读入int型数据** 实际上是串口读入字符串，再转换为int型数据。

![kit.png][][kittenblock中小学创客名师推荐的图形化编程软件][kittenblock]

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div> 
     <span><span>while (Serial.available() &gt; <span><span>0) { </span></span></span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp; &nbsp; 
     <span><span>int inChar = Serial.read();</span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      &nbsp; &nbsp; 
     <span><span>if (isDigit(inChar)) </span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      { 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      inString += ( 
     <span><span>char)inChar;</span></span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      i=inString.toInt(); 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td> 
    <div>
      } 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**5.输出不同进制的文本** 我们可以是用 Serial.print(val, format)的形式输出不同进制的文本 参数val 是需要输出的数据 参数format 是需要输出的进制形式,你可以使用如下参数: BIN（二进制） DEC（十进制） OCT（八进制） HEX（十六进制） 例如,使用Serial.print(123,BIN)，你可以在串口调试器上看到1111011 使用Serial.print(123,HEX)，你可以在串口调试器上看到7B  
6.Arduino MEGA\\Arduino DUE上其他串口用法 serial1\\serial2\\serial3 和serial用法一样 比如serial3.begin(9600);  
**6.修改串口缓冲区大小** Arduino串口缓冲区默认为64字节，如果你单次传输的数据较多可以将 arduino-1.0.5-r2\\hardware\\arduino\\cores\\arduino\\HardwareSerial.cpp中的 \#define SERIAL\_BUFFER\_SIZE 64 修改为 \#define SERIAL\_BUFFER\_SIZE 128 这样就有128字节的缓冲区了

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/MCSFX/p/10874764.html

[kit.png]: https://www.arduino.cn/images/2018/kit.png
[kittenblock]: http://learn.kittenbot.cn/zh_CN/latest/kittenblock/index.html