python爬虫（22）获取必应主页的背景当壁纸

- 日理万妓 2021-11-09 13:48 366阅读 0赞

## 前言 ##

虽然微软一直推的必应浏览器不怎么用，但是发现它主页的图片确实精致的，那把它拿下来当作壁纸怎么样。  
今天来小小的实践一下

## **环境** ##

操作系统：Ubuntu18.04  
编程语言：python3.6

## 获取壁纸 ##

### 网页分析 ###

打开必应主页[https://www.bing.com][https_www.bing.com]，并点击国际版（为什么不点国内版，国内版找不到加载图片的内容，直接从网页上找费劲），然后打开F12工具

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FpcWl5aW5nc2U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

然后发现有这么一条内容，点开发现它加载的内容，返回的内容（也就是response）是一个json网页（为啥我知道这里，慢慢找的~）复制这个地址:[https://www.bing.com/HPImageArchive.aspx?format=hp&idx=0&n=1&nc=1564646574878&pid=hp&video=1&quiz=1&og=1&IG=60023099F29847979DA2DC27F37CF38D&IID=SERP.1050][https_www.bing.com_HPImageArchive.aspx_format_hp_idx_0_n_1_nc_1564646574878_pid_hp_video_1_quiz_1_og_1_IG_60023099F29847979DA2DC27F37CF38D_IID_SERP.1050]

单独打开看一下，确实是一串json数据,但是这个看着不是特别舒服，将上面的网址[format=hp][https_www.bing.com_HPImageArchive.aspx_format_hp_idx_0_n_1_nc_1564646574878_pid_hp_video_1_quiz_1_og_1_IG_60023099F29847979DA2DC27F37CF38D_IID_SERP.1050]换成[format=js][https_www.bing.com_HPImageArchive.aspx_format_hp_idx_0_n_1_nc_1564646574878_pid_hp_video_1_quiz_1_og_1_IG_60023099F29847979DA2DC27F37CF38D_IID_SERP.1050]然后打开这个网址，看着有点顺眼了

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FpcWl5aW5nc2U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

实际上呢，这个网址不用那么长，只用它就行了：[https://www.bing.com/HPImageArchive.aspx?format=js&n=1  
然后找到\[images\]\[0\]\[url\],将其拼接一下，然后就有了这个图片了 ][https_www.bing.com_HPImageArchive.aspx_format_js_n_1 _images_0_url_][https://www.bing.com/th?id=OHR.LavaFlows\_EN-US3642057889\_1920x1080.jpg&rf=LaDigue\_1920x1080.jpg&pid=hp%22][https_www.bing.com_th_id_OHR.LavaFlows_EN-US3642057889_1920x1080.jpg_rf_LaDigue_1920x1080.jpg_pid_hp_22]

### 代码 ###

json_url="https://www.bing.com/HPImageArchive.aspx?format=js&n=1"#where to get the json file
    	bing_url="https://www.bing.com"#bing.com main domain
    	if not os.path.exists(picture):
    		#get the json file and hide the file
    		urllib.request.urlretrieve(json_url,bing_json_file)
    		#open the file and import json string
    		with open(bing_json_file,"r",encoding='utf-8') as f:
    			bing_json=json.load(f)
    		url_append=bing_json['images'][0]['url']
    		url=bing_url+url_append
    		#get picture
    		urllib.request.urlretrieve(url,picture)

这样就简单的把图片下载到本地了

## 设置壁纸 ##

Ubuntu系统可以通过命令行来设置壁纸

下面的命令设置背景为空

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri none

其中none可以使用本地图片路径，这样就可以通过命令行来设置背景图片了

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "file:/home/user/Pictures/Bing/2019-08-01.jpg"

## 其他 ##

### 多获取几张图片 ###

获取json数据的网址，后面的n=1可以替换，最大n=7这样就能得到最近7天必应主页用过的壁纸了

[https://www.bing.com/HPImageArchive.aspx?format=js&n=7][https_www.bing.com_HPImageArchive.aspx_format_js_n_7]

### 随机得到一张图片 ###

import os,random
    return random.choice(os.listdir('/home/your-name/Pictures/Wallpapers'))

### 定时更换图片 ###

使用contrab 设置一个定时命令，自动每隔一段时间更换壁纸

## 代码 ##

#!/usr/bin/python3
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Date    : 2019-08-02 14:58:19
    # @Author  : Jimy_Fengqi (jmps515@163.com)
    # @Link    : https://blog.csdn.net/qiqiyingse
    # @Github  : https://github.com/JimyFengqi
    # @Version : V1.0
    import json
    import os,random
    import urllib.request
    import datetime
    
    
    HOME=os.path.expandvars('$HOME')+"/"#user home directory
    pic_dir=HOME+"Pictures/Bing"#default dir
    isdelete=True
    delete_time=30
    
    def load_config():#the load config function
    	global HOME
    	global pic_dir
    	config_dir=HOME+".config/Bing"
    	json_file=config_dir+"/"+"config.json"
    	init_config={'Bing':{'dir':pic_dir,'delete':'True','time':'30','version':'1.0'}}
    	if not os.path.exists(config_dir):
    		os.makedirs(config_dir)
    	if not os.path.exists(json_file):
    		with open(json_file,'w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    			json.dump(init_config,f,ensure_ascii=False,indent=4)
    	with open (json_file,'r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    		config_json=json.load(f)
    	pic_dir=config_json['Bing']['dir']+'/'
    	isdelete=config_json['Bing']['delete']
    	delete_time=config_json['Bing']['time']
    	if not os.path.exists(pic_dir):
    		os.makedirs(pic_dir)
    
    def download_and_apply():
    	global HOME
    	global pic_dir
    	global delete_time
    	date=datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d')
    	today_picture=pic_dir+date+".jpg"
    	yesterday_pic = pic_dir+str(int(date)-1)+".jpg"
    	bing_json_file=HOME+".bing.json"
    	json_url="https://www.bing.com/HPImageArchive.aspx?format=js&idx=0&n=7"#where to get the json file
    	bing_url="https://www.bing.com"#bing.com main domain
    
    	print('当前目录有照片：',os.listdir(pic_dir))
    	pic_num = len(os.listdir(pic_dir))
    	if not os.path.exists(today_picture):
    		if not os.path.exists(yesterday_pic) or pic_num < 7:#只有初始化或者最近两天照片都不在或者操作失误删除照片小于7张，才需要一次下载7张
    			print('今天是%s,全部初始化！'%  date)
    			#get the json file and hide the file
    			urllib.request.urlretrieve(json_url,bing_json_file)
    			#open the file and import json string
    			with open(bing_json_file,"r",encoding='utf-8') as f:
    				bing_json=json.load(f)
    			url_append=bing_json['images']
    			for image in url_append:
    				imgurl = bing_url+image['url']
    				imgname = pic_dir+image['startdate']+'.jpg'
    
    				#get picture
    				urllib.request.urlretrieve(imgurl,imgname)
    		else:
    			print('今天是%s,今天的图片还没有更新！'%  date)
    			urllib.request.urlretrieve(json_url,bing_json_file)
    			#open the file and import json string
    			with open(bing_json_file,"r",encoding='utf-8') as f:
    				bing_json=json.load(f)
    			url_append=bing_json['images'][0]['url']
    			imaurl=bing_url+url_append
    			imgname = pic_dir+bing_json['images'][0]['startdate']+'.jpg'
    			print('开始下载【%s】，原地址是：%s' % (imgname,imaurl))
    			#get picture
    			urllib.request.urlretrieve(imaurl,imgname)		
    	chooseImage= pic_dir+random.choice(os.listdir(pic_dir))
    	#change screen saver
    	cmd="gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file:"+chooseImage
    	print('选择[%s]作为壁纸'% chooseImage )
    	os.system(cmd)
    
    def del_old_pic():
    	global isdelete
    	global delete_time
    	global pic_dir
    	day_s=datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(days = delete_time)
    	day=day_s.strftime('%Y%m%d')
    	pic_del=pic_dir+day+".jpg"
    	if isdelete == True:
    		print('应该删除%s的照片：%s'% (day,pic_del))
    		if os.path.exists(pic_del):
    			os.remove(pic_del)
    			print('已经删除%s的照片：%s'% (day,pic_del))
    
    if __name__=='__main__':
    	load_config()
    	download_and_apply()
    	del_old_pic()

[https_www.bing.com]: https://www.bing.com
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FpcWl5aW5nc2U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20211109/f1aaccb264bd45be85687c7b3216fd31.png
[https_www.bing.com_HPImageArchive.aspx_format_hp_idx_0_n_1_nc_1564646574878_pid_hp_video_1_quiz_1_og_1_IG_60023099F29847979DA2DC27F37CF38D_IID_SERP.1050]: https://www.bing.com/HPImageArchive.aspx?format=hp&idx=0&n=1&nc=1564646574878&pid=hp&video=1&quiz=1&og=1&IG=60023099F29847979DA2DC27F37CF38D&IID=SERP.1050
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FpcWl5aW5nc2U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20211109/e61e36107d84496ca3abf08399e1050c.png
[https_www.bing.com_HPImageArchive.aspx_format_js_n_1 _images_0_url_]: https://www.bing.com/HPImageArchive.aspx?format=js&n=1
[https_www.bing.com_th_id_OHR.LavaFlows_EN-US3642057889_1920x1080.jpg_rf_LaDigue_1920x1080.jpg_pid_hp_22]: https://www.bing.com/th?id=OHR.LavaFlows_EN-US3642057889_1920x1080.jpg&rf=LaDigue_1920x1080.jpg&pid=hp%22
[https_www.bing.com_HPImageArchive.aspx_format_js_n_7]: https://www.bing.com/HPImageArchive.aspx?format=js&n=20