测开之路四十八：Django之重定向与cookie

系统管理员 2021-11-22 06:10 99阅读 0赞

基础配置与上一篇一致

404错误

定义一个error页面

![1406024-20190529223450374-86926037.png][]

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>错误页</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>哎呀，出错啦！</h1>
    </body>
    </html>

追加一个404的视图

![1406024-20190529223604844-2100105494.png][]

访问，由于开了debug模式，所以Django会捕获异常并抛出来，所以关闭debug模式再访问

![1406024-20190529223240837-1576505544.png][]

把debug注释掉，并追加可访问的host：ALLOWED\_HOSTS=\['\*'\],

![1406024-20190529223809204-1990232977.png][]

import os
    import sys
    from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.conf import settings
    from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
    
    BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(__file__) # 定义当前工程目录为basedir
    
    # 设置框架配置
    settings.configure(
        # DEBUG=True,
        ALLOWED_HOSTS=['*'],
        SECRET_KEY='aaa',  # 用于加密的字符串
        ROOT_URLCONF=__name__,  # 此配置为在当前文件里面找url映射的配置
        MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES=(
            'django.middleware.commom.CommonMiddleware',
            'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
            'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
        ),
        STATIC_URL='/static/',  # 定义静态文件的存放目录，和flask一致
        STATICFILES_DIRS=(os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),),  # 静态文件目录，指向BASE_DIR/static(括号里的逗号不能省)
        INSTALLED_APPS=('django.contrib.staticfiles',),  # Django使用静态文件需要安装即在配置中录入此信息(括号里的逗号不能省)
        # 模板的配置
        TEMPLATES=[{
        
                # 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',  # Django自带的模板引擎
                'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.jinja2.Jinja2',  # Jinja2的模板引擎
                'APP_DIRS': True,  # APP_DIRS为True则默认app下的templates目录，否则使用下一行DIRS声明的目录
                'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
                'OPTIONS': {}}]
    )
    
    # 实现访问返回访问请求中的参数
    def hello(request, user):
       # return HttpResponse(user)
        context = {
        
            'user': user,
            'hobbit': ['看书', '写代码']
        }
        return render(request, 'hello.html', context)
    
    # 出现404 page_not_found的时候，返回error.html
    def page_not_found(request, exception, template_name= 'error.html'):
        return render(request, template_name)
    handler404 = page_not_found

再访问

![1406024-20190529223956339-1946167351.png][]

重定向

需要导入库（以上配置不变，把debug打开）

![1406024-20190529224523770-271478392.png][]

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
    def redirect(request):
        return HttpResponseRedirect('/hello/这是重定向/?message=error')
    
    # 通过正则匹配url，做视图映射
    urlpatterns = (
        # url( r'^test/$', test),
        url(r'^hello/(?P<user>\w+)/$', hello),
        url(r'^redirect$', redirect),
        # url(r'^$', index)
        )

访问redirect的时候会被重定向

![1406024-20190529224904303-1723321534.png][]

以之前的test视图为例

![1406024-20190529230827962-917053961.png][]

from django.http  import JsonResponse
    def test(request):
        print(dir(request))
        data = {
        
            'path': request.path,
            'method': request.method,
            'scheme': request.scheme,
            'host': request.get_host(),
            'port': request.get_port(),
            'cookies': request.COOKIES,
            'get': request.GET,
            'post': request.POST,
        }
        # return JsonResponse(data)
        response = JsonResponse(data)
        response.set_cookie('django', 'djangoCookie')
        return response
    
    # 通过正则匹配url，做视图映射
    urlpatterns = (
        url( r'^test/$', test),
        url(r'^hello/(?P<user>\w+)/$', hello),
        url(r'^redirect$', redirect),
        # url(r'^$', index)
        )

访问

![1406024-20190529231007596-83826015.png][]

使用cookie

get('django', 'NoCookie')：如果Django有cookie，就用Django的，如果没有，就用NoCookie

![1406024-20190529231436331-1445716636.png][]

def hello(request, user):
       # return HttpResponse(user)
        context = {
        
            'user': user,
            'hobbit': ['看书', '写代码'],
            'cookie': request.COOKIES.get('django', 'NoCookie')
        }
        return render(request, 'hello.html', context)

打印cookie

![1406024-20190529231745085-1967450461.png][]

<html>
        <head>
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/hello.css">
            <title>django with jinja</title>
        </head>
        <body>
            <h2>这是测试</h2>
            <p>我是用户：{
        { user }}</p>
            {% for h in hobbit %}
                <p>爱好是：{
        { h }}</p>
            {% endfor %}
            {
        { cookie }}
        </body>
    </html>

访问test/生成cookie

![1406024-20190529232033824-699535927.png][]

再访问/hello/xxx/，会把Django对应的cookie值打印出来

![1406024-20190529232210843-631302467.png][]

清除cookie再访问，会打印NoCookie

![1406024-20190529232400878-118416972.png][]

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhongyehai/p/10947063.html

[1406024-20190529223450374-86926037.png]: /images/20211122/c3abefd55c5041118da084014a19cb71.png
[1406024-20190529223604844-2100105494.png]: /images/20211122/608b9ccb591b4124817133579db6466a.png
[1406024-20190529223240837-1576505544.png]: /images/20211122/f491c8763128405785507b22fd268394.png
[1406024-20190529223809204-1990232977.png]: /images/20211122/c3e8b95d891940cebe82373743077860.png
[1406024-20190529223956339-1946167351.png]: /images/20211122/d43b3dbf1b444dbf842394bb7be7f283.png
[1406024-20190529224523770-271478392.png]: /images/20211122/be8191aa8e7244529a4ddc9782097dce.png
[1406024-20190529224904303-1723321534.png]: /images/20211122/6e9dc35bf6294198af3faf3f5fca94b3.png
[1406024-20190529230827962-917053961.png]: /images/20211122/2bcbc0968098435fad0b9e273929f118.png
[1406024-20190529231007596-83826015.png]: /images/20211122/7e35e8629ee549c08a1b74dff0147565.png
[1406024-20190529231436331-1445716636.png]: /images/20211122/d07f463dde8944e5887e3fc6873fac9c.png
[1406024-20190529231745085-1967450461.png]: /images/20211122/9e9bd9f0ad9b4b54a30af94e104b99a8.png
[1406024-20190529232033824-699535927.png]: /images/20211122/f80abfed8cf04c80a0922b3bcfcb6d73.png
[1406024-20190529232210843-631302467.png]: /images/20211122/08086296685e46de89bc7c1059eff023.png
[1406024-20190529232400878-118416972.png]: /images/20211122/c45bc093414b4c2cae69b1a8f6a057ee.png