Ubuntu安装opencv （官网安装法，超详细）

矫情吗；* 2021-12-02 01:22 327阅读 0赞

# （网上的各种教程安装法一般都没问题，但是如果你一旦遇到了问题，就得靠这份官网安装法来解决问题了） #

The following steps have been tested for Ubuntu 10.04 but should work with other distros as well.

## Required Packages ##

*  GCC 4.4.x or later
 *  CMake 2.8.7 or higher
 *  Git
 *  GTK+2.x or higher, including headers (libgtk2.0-dev)
 *  pkg-config
 *  Python 2.6 or later and Numpy 1.5 or later with developer packages (python-dev, python-numpy)
 *  ffmpeg or libav development packages: libavcodec-dev, libavformat-dev, libswscale-dev
 *  \[optional\] libtbb2 libtbb-dev
 *  \[optional\] libdc1394 2.x
 *  \[optional\] libjpeg-dev, libpng-dev, libtiff-dev, libjasper-dev, libdc1394-22-dev
 *  \[optional\] CUDA Toolkit 6.5 or higher

The packages can be installed using a terminal and the following commands or by using Synaptic Manager:

\[compiler\] sudo apt-get install build-essential

\[required\] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev

\[optional\] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

## Getting OpenCV Source Code ##

You can use the latest stable OpenCV version or you can grab the latest snapshot from our [Git repository][].

### Getting the Latest Stable OpenCV Version ###

*  Go to our [downloads page][].
 *  Download the source archive and unpack it.

### Getting the Cutting-edge OpenCV from the Git Repository ###

Launch Git client and clone [OpenCV repository][]. If you need modules from [OpenCV contrib repository][] then clone it as well.

For example

cd ~/<my\_working\_directory>

git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git

git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv\_contrib.git

## Building OpenCV from Source Using CMake ##

1.  Create a temporary directory, which we denote as <cmake\_build\_dir>, where you want to put the generated Makefiles, project files as well the object files and output binaries and enter there.
    
    For example
    
    cd ~/opencv
    
    mkdir build
    
    cd build
2.  Configuring. Run cmake \[<some optional parameters>\] <path to the OpenCV source directory>
    
    For example
    
    cmake -D CMAKE\_BUILD\_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE\_INSTALL\_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
    
    or cmake-gui
    
     *  set full path to OpenCV source code, e.g. /home/user/opencv
     *  set full path to <cmake\_build\_dir>, e.g. /home/user/opencv/build
     *  set optional parameters
     *  run: “Configure”
     *  run: “Generate”
    
    Note
    
    Use `cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..` , without spaces after -D if the above example doesn't work.
3.  Description of some parameters
    
     *  build type: `CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release\Debug`
     *  to build with modules from opencv\_contrib set OPENCV\_EXTRA\_MODULES\_PATH to <path to opencv\_contrib/modules/>
     *  set BUILD\_DOCS for building documents
     *  set BUILD\_EXAMPLES to build all examples
4.  \[optional\] Building python. Set the following python parameters:
    
     *  PYTHON2(3)\_EXECUTABLE = <path to python>
     *  PYTHON\_INCLUDE\_DIR = /usr/include/python<version>
     *  PYTHON\_INCLUDE\_DIR2 = /usr/include/x86\_64-linux-gnu/python<version>
     *  PYTHON\_LIBRARY = /usr/lib/x86\_64-linux-gnu/libpython<version>.so
     *  PYTHON2(3)\_NUMPY\_INCLUDE\_DIRS = /usr/lib/python<version>/dist-packages/numpy/core/include/
5.  \[optional\] Building java.
    
     *  Unset parameter: BUILD\_SHARED\_LIBS
     *  It is useful also to unset BUILD\_EXAMPLES, BUILD\_TESTS, BUILD\_PERF\_TESTS - as they all will be statically linked with OpenCV and can take a lot of memory.
6.  \[optional\] Generate pkg-config info
    
     *  Add this flag when running CMake: `-DOPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON`
     *  Will generate the .pc file for pkg-config and install it.
     *  Useful if not using CMake in projects that use OpenCV
7.  Build. From build directory execute *make*, it is recommended to do this in several threads
    
    For example
    
    make -j7 \# runs 7 jobs in parallel
8.  \[optional\] Building documents. Enter <cmake\_build\_dir/doc/> and run make with target "doxygen"
    
    For example
    
    cd ~/opencv/build/doc/
    
    make -j7 doxygen
9.  To install libraries, execute the following command from build directory
    
    sudo make install
10. \[optional\] Running tests
    
     *  Get the required test data from [OpenCV extra repository][].
    
    For example
    
    git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv\_extra.git
    
     *  set OPENCV\_TEST\_DATA\_PATH environment variable to <path to opencv\_extra/testdata>.
     *  execute tests from build directory.
    
    For example
    
    <cmake\_build\_dir>/bin/opencv\_test\_core

Note

If the size of the created library is a critical issue (like in case of an Android build) you can use the install/strip command to get the smallest size possible. The *stripped* version appears to be twice as small. However, we do not recommend using this unless those extra megabytes do really matter.

官网文档链接：[https://docs.opencv.org/master/d7/d9f/tutorial\_linux\_install.html][https_docs.opencv.org_master_d7_d9f_tutorial_linux_install.html]

[Git repository]: https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
[downloads page]: http://opencv.org/releases.html
[OpenCV repository]: http://github.com/opencv/opencv
[OpenCV contrib repository]: http://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib
[OpenCV extra repository]: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra
[https_docs.opencv.org_master_d7_d9f_tutorial_linux_install.html]: https://docs.opencv.org/master/d7/d9f/tutorial_linux_install.html