python中的paramiko远程密码连接

叁歲伎倆 2021-12-05 06:04 313阅读 0赞

## 安装paramiko第三方模块 ##

> ssh是一个协议，OpenSSH是其中一个开源实现，paramiko是Python的一个库，实现了SSHv2协议(底层使用cryptography)。  
> 有了Paramiko以后，我们就可以在Python代码中直接使用SSH协议对远程服务器执行操作，而不是通过ssh命令对远程服务器进行操作。  
> 由于paramiko属于第三方库，所以需要我们先安装。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## paramiko远程密码连接 ##

基于ssh用于连接远程服务器做操作：  
远程执行命令  
上传/下载文件

import paramiko
    
    #创建一个ssh对象
    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    """
    The authenticity of host '172.25.254.254 (172.25.254.254)' can't be established.
    ECDSA key fingerprint is 4c:98:51:43:65:46:66:fd:af:5b:ea:cc:d9:97:c0:74.
    Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
    """
    #自动选择yes
    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    
    #连接服务器
    client.connect(
        hostname='172.25.254.18',
        username='root',
        password='redhat'
    )
    
    #执行操作
    #标准输入 标准输出 标准错误
    stdin,stdout,stderr = client.exec_command('route -n')
    
    #获取命令的执行结果
    print(stdout.read().decode('utf-8'))
    
    #关闭连接
    client.close()

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

## 批量连接主机 ##

from paramiko.ssh_exception import NoValidConnectionsError,AuthenticationException
    
    def connect(cmd,hostname,user,password):
        import paramiko
    
        client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    
        client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    
        try:
            client.connect(
                hostname=hostname,
                username=user,
                password=password
            )
            stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(cmd)
            a = stdout.read().decode('utf-8')
            print(stdout.read().decode('utf-8'))
            return a
        except NoValidConnectionsError as e:
            return '主机%s连接失败' %(hostname)
        except AuthenticationException as e:
            return '主机%s密码错误' %(hostname)
        except Exception as e:
            return '未知错误:',e
    
        # stdin,stdout,stderr = client.exec_command(cmd)
    
        # print(stdout.read().decode('utf-8'))
        finally:
            client.close()
    
    
    with open('/tmp/hosts') as f:
        for line in f:
            hostname,username,password = line.strip().split(':')
            res = connect('hostname',hostname,username,password)
            # print(hostname.center(50,'*'))
            print('主机名:', res)

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

## 文件的上传和下载 ##

'''给远程主机上传一个文件'''
    from paramiko.ssh_exception import NoValidConnectionsError,AuthenticationException
    import paramiko
    
    def put(hostname,password,local_name,remote_name):
    
        try:
            transport = paramiko.Transport((hostname,22))
            transport.connect(username='root',password=password)
            sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
    
        except AuthenticationException as e:
            return '主机%s密码错误' %(hostname)
        except Exception as e:
            return '未知错误: ',e
        else:
            sftp.put(local_name,remote_name)       ##上传文件
            try:
                # 如果远程主机有这个文件则返回一个对象，否则抛出异常
                sftp.file(remote_name)
                print("上传成功.")
            except IOError:
                print("上传失败!")
        finally:
            transport.close()
    
    put('172.25.254.16','westos','/home/kiosk/passwd','/mnt/test')	##远程主机ip，密码，本地文件，上传后的文件保存位置

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

'''从远程主机下载文件'''
    from paramiko.ssh_exception import NoValidConnectionsError,AuthenticationException
    import paramiko
    import os
    
    def get(hostname,password,remote_name,local_name):
    
        try:
            transport = paramiko.Transport((hostname,22))
            transport.connect(username='root',password=password)
            sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
    
        except AuthenticationException as e:
            return '主机%s密码错误' %(hostname)
        except Exception as e:
            return '未知错误: ',e
        else:
            #sftp.put(local_name,remote_name)       ##上传文件
            sftp.get(remote_name,local_name)      ##下载文件
            if os.path.exists(local_name):
                print('下载成功.')
            else:
                print('下载失败')
        finally:
            transport.close()
    
    get('172.25.254.16','westost','/tmp/passwd','/tmp/test.tex)

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20211205/41d5248940e34363bc4881e2516c984c.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20211205/e0d6191532a148fb888f301c827c7563.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20211205/a20f56b2bc744b43ab8cfc3bfdb32c2e.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20211205/974143082c174c35ac18efd25bdea592.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20211205/aa6ad98227864a759ddd313a20081099.png