python之scrapy携带Cookies模拟登陆

野性酷女 2021-12-10 13:59 546阅读 0赞

知识点

"""
        scrapy两种模拟登陆：
            1、直接携带cookie
            2、找到发送post请求的url地址，带上信息，发送请求
        
        应用场景：
            1、cookie过期时间很长，常见于一些不规范的网站
            2、能在cookie过期之前把搜有的数据拿到
            3、配合其他程序使用，比如其使用selenium把登陆之后的cookie获取到保存到本地，scrapy发送请求之前先读取本地cookie
        """

1、创建工程

scrapy startproject renren

2、创建工程

scrapy genspider login renren.com

3、setting.py文件设置COOKIES和COOKIES\_DEBUG

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    # Scrapy settings for qq project
    #
    # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
    # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
    #
    #     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
    #     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
    #     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
    
    BOT_NAME = 'qq'
    
    SPIDER_MODULES = ['qq.spiders']
    NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'qq.spiders'
    #查看cookies信息
    COOKIES_DEBUG=True
    # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
    #USER_AGENT = 'qq (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
    
    # Obey robots.txt rules
    ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
    
    # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
    #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
    
    # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
    # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
    # See also autothrottle settings and docs
    #DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
    # The download delay setting will honor only one of:
    #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
    #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
    
    # Disable cookies (enabled by default)
    #COOKIES_ENABLED = False
    
    # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
    #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
    
    # Override the default request headers:
    #DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
          
    #   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    #   'Accept-Language': 'en',
    #}
    
    # Enable or disable spider middlewares
    # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
    #SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
          
    #    'qq.middlewares.QqSpiderMiddleware': 543,
    #}
    
    # Enable or disable downloader middlewares
    # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
    #DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
          
    #    'qq.middlewares.QqDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
    #}
    
    # Enable or disable extensions
    # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
    #EXTENSIONS = {
          
    #    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
    #}
    
    # Configure item pipelines
    # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
    #ITEM_PIPELINES = {
          
    #    'qq.pipelines.QqPipeline': 300,
    #}
    
    # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
    # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
    # The initial download delay
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
    # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
    # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
    # each remote server
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
    # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
    #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
    
    # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
    # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
    #HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
    #HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
    #HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
    #HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
    #HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

4、login.py文件实现模拟登陆

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import scrapy
    
    import re
    class LoginSpider(scrapy.Spider):
        name = 'login'
        allowed_domains = ['renren.com']
        start_urls = ['http://www.renren.com/971298880/profile']
    
    
        def start_requests(self):
            """
            根据cookies模拟登陆人人网，注意settings.py文件的cookies必须是开启的
            :return:
            """
            cookies="anonymid=jxcn09d5-vd52v0; depovince=GUZ; _r01_=1; ick_login=d41bb8a9-056b-41a7-b187-7c706f0f8702; ick=39b091b8-f882-499b-992b-34a682d3469a; JSESSIONID=abcHJrhG1CAIo64PJRrUw; jebe_key=9ca5b44f-aaec-4180-962e-bf7581ad6e5e%7Cc1d85b293dafa0e44367ceed107b877e%7C1561517245262%7C1%7C1561517244004; jebe_key=9ca5b44f-aaec-4180-962e-bf7581ad6e5e%7Cc1d85b293dafa0e44367ceed107b877e%7C1561517245262%7C1%7C1561517244011; wp_fold=0; td_cookie=18446744069457827825; jebecookies=e9de8580-fb15-4891-b7c3-7c08ebb41f5c|||||; _de=AE9934B6C85831351B86F7DDD5B20F8A; p=b25ab0edb69343d7f80c5e481864b8c30; first_login_flag=1; ln_uact=18620028487; ln_hurl=http://head.xiaonei.com/photos/0/0/men_main.gif; t=b8a0d848e228dd51d2c84609f814495b0; societyguester=b8a0d848e228dd51d2c84609f814495b0; id=971298880; xnsid=6e5116da; ver=7.0; loginfrom=null"
            cookies = {i.split("=")[0]:i.split("=")[1] for i in cookies.split("; ")}
            yield scrapy.Request(
                self.start_urls[0],
                callback=self.parse,
                cookies=cookies
            )
        def parse(self, response):
            print(re.findall("新用户28487",response.body.decode()))
            yield  scrapy.Request(
                #这里不需要再添加cookies，因为settings.py文件中开启了，只需要添加一次，下次请求自动携带
                'http://www.renren.com/971298880/profile?v=info_timeline',
                callback=self.parse_detail
            )
    
        def parse_detail(self,response): #详情页
            print(re.findall("新用户28487", response.body.decode()))

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ywjfx/p/11088685.html

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