Shiro步步为营--如何优雅地与JWT集成

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2021-12-12 14:45 272阅读 0赞

**目录**

鉴权流程

项目搭建

pom.xml

配置Shiro

用户登录

LoginController.java

ShiroRealm.java

BaseResponse.java

UserEntity.java

签发Token

再次请求

ArticleController.java

JwtFilter.java

JwtToken.java

JwtRealm.java

JwtCredentialsMatcher.java

MultiRealmAuthenticator.java

ExceptionController.java

请求测试

登录成功

登录失败

阅读文章

删除文章

参考文章

--------------------

关于 JWT 是什么，请参考[官网][Link 1]或者 [《10分钟了解JSON Web令牌（JWT）》][10_JSON Web_JWT] 。这里就不多做介绍了，直接开始我们今天的项目。

# 鉴权流程 #

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3BlbmdqdW5sZWU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

# 项目搭建 #

项目的完整目录层次如下图所示。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3BlbmdqdW5sZWU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

## pom.xml ##

在工程的POM文件中引入Shiro和JWT依赖。

<parent>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    		<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
    		<relativePath />
    	</parent>
    
    	<properties>
    		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    	</properties>
    
    	<dependencies>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
    			<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
    			<version>1.4.1</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
    			<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
    			<version>1.4.1</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
    			<scope>test</scope>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>com.auth0</groupId>
    			<artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId>
    			<version>3.4.1</version>
    		</dependency>
    	</dependencies>

## 配置Shiro ##

本例中的 ShiroConfig.java 与一般Shiro项目的配置有以下几点不同：

1. 禁用Session；

2. 增加自定义jwtFilter过滤器，用来拦截并处理携带JWT token的请求；

3. 使用自定义的MultiRealmAuthenticator多Realm认证器，解决认证异常无法正常返回的问题；

4. JwtRealm和ShiroRealm双Realm，其中，JwtRealm用来处理使用JWT token验证身份的请求；

import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import javax.servlet.Filter;
    
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.CredentialsMatcher;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.HashedCredentialsMatcher;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.AuthenticationStrategy;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.FirstSuccessfulStrategy;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator;
    import org.apache.shiro.mgt.DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator;
    import org.apache.shiro.mgt.DefaultSubjectDAO;
    import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
    import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SessionStorageEvaluator;
    import org.apache.shiro.realm.Realm;
    import org.apache.shiro.spring.LifecycleBeanPostProcessor;
    import org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor;
    import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
    import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
    import org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator;
    import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    import com.pengjunlee.jwt.JwtFilter;
    
    @Configuration
    public class ShiroConfig {
    
    	/**
    	 * 交由 Spring 来自动地管理 Shiro-Bean 的生命周期
    	 */
    	@Bean
    	public static LifecycleBeanPostProcessor getLifecycleBeanPostProcessor() {
    		return new LifecycleBeanPostProcessor();
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 为 Spring-Bean 开启对 Shiro 注解的支持
    	 */
    	@Bean
    	public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(SecurityManager securityManager) {
    		AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor();
    		authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
    		return authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor;
    	}
    
    	@Bean
    	public DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator() {
    		DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator app = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator();
    		app.setProxyTargetClass(true);
    		return app;
    
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 不向 Spring容器中注册 JwtFilter Bean，防止 Spring 将 JwtFilter 注册为全局过滤器
    	 * 全局过滤器会对所有请求进行拦截，而本例中只需要拦截除 /login 和 /logout 外的请求 
    	 * 另一种简单做法是：直接去掉 jwtFilter()上的 @Bean 注解
    	 */
    	@Bean
    	public FilterRegistrationBean<Filter> registration(JwtFilter filter) {
    		FilterRegistrationBean<Filter> registration = new FilterRegistrationBean<Filter>(filter);
    		registration.setEnabled(false);
    		return registration;
    	}
    
    	@Bean
    	public JwtFilter jwtFilter() {
    		return new JwtFilter();
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 配置访问资源需要的权限
    	 */
    	@Bean
    	ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager securityManager) {
    		ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
    		shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
    		shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login");
    		shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSuccessUrl("/authorized");
    		shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/unauthorized");
    
    		// 添加 jwt 专用过滤器，拦截除 /login 和 /logout 外的请求
    		Map<String, Filter> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    		filterMap.put("jwtFilter", jwtFilter());
    		shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilters(filterMap);
    
    		LinkedHashMap<String, String> filterChainDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
    		filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/login", "anon"); // 可匿名访问
    		filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/logout", "logout"); // 退出登录
    		filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/**", "jwtFilter,authc"); // 需登录才能访问
    		shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterChainDefinitionMap);
    		return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 配置 ModularRealmAuthenticator
    	 */
    	@Bean
    	public ModularRealmAuthenticator authenticator() {
    		ModularRealmAuthenticator authenticator = new MultiRealmAuthenticator();
    		// 设置多 Realm的认证策略，默认 AtLeastOneSuccessfulStrategy
    		AuthenticationStrategy strategy = new FirstSuccessfulStrategy();
    		authenticator.setAuthenticationStrategy(strategy);
    		return authenticator;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 禁用session, 不保存用户登录状态。保证每次请求都重新认证
    	 */
    	@Bean
    	protected SessionStorageEvaluator sessionStorageEvaluator() {
    		DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator sessionStorageEvaluator = new DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator();
    		sessionStorageEvaluator.setSessionStorageEnabled(false);
    		return sessionStorageEvaluator;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * JwtRealm 配置，需实现 Realm 接口
    	 */
    	@Bean
    	JwtRealm jwtRealm() {
    		JwtRealm jwtRealm = new JwtRealm();
    		// 设置加密算法
    		CredentialsMatcher credentialsMatcher = new JwtCredentialsMatcher();
    		// 设置加密次数
    		jwtRealm.setCredentialsMatcher(credentialsMatcher);
    		return jwtRealm;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * ShiroRealm 配置，需实现 Realm 接口
    	 */
    	@Bean
    	ShiroRealm shiroRealm() {
    		ShiroRealm shiroRealm = new ShiroRealm();
    		// 设置加密算法
    		HashedCredentialsMatcher credentialsMatcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher("SHA-1");
    		// 设置加密次数
    		credentialsMatcher.setHashIterations(16);
    		shiroRealm.setCredentialsMatcher(credentialsMatcher);
    		return shiroRealm;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 配置 SecurityManager
    	 */
    	@Bean
    	public SecurityManager securityManager() {
    		DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
    
    		// 1.Authenticator
    		securityManager.setAuthenticator(authenticator());
    
    		// 2.Realm
    		List<Realm> realms = new ArrayList<Realm>(16);
    		realms.add(jwtRealm());
    		realms.add(shiroRealm());
    		securityManager.setRealms(realms);
    
    		// 3.关闭shiro自带的session
    		DefaultSubjectDAO subjectDAO = new DefaultSubjectDAO();
    		subjectDAO.setSessionStorageEvaluator(sessionStorageEvaluator());
    		securityManager.setSubjectDAO(subjectDAO);
    
    		return securityManager;
    	}
    }

接下来，本文将安装整个鉴权流程对各部分的代码进行详细讲解。

## 用户登录 ##

### LoginController.java ###

根据ShiroConfig中FilterChainDefinitionMap的配置，/login 请求是不会被 jwtFilter 过滤器拦截的。Shiro验证用户名和密码正确后完成登录，同时生成 JWT token 签名，并随Response一起返回。

import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.LockedAccountException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
    import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import com.pengjunlee.domain.BaseResponse;
    import com.pengjunlee.jwt.JwtUtils;
    
    @RestController
    public class LoginController {
    
    	@PostMapping(value = "/login")
    	public Object userLogin(@RequestParam(name = "username", required = true) String userName,
    			@RequestParam(name = "password", required = true) String password, ServletResponse response) {
    
    		// 获取当前用户主体
    		Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
    		String msg = null;
    		boolean loginSuccess = false;
    		// 将用户名和密码封装成 UsernamePasswordToken 对象
    		UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(userName, password);
    		try {
    			subject.login(token);
    			msg = "登录成功。";
    			loginSuccess = true;
    		} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) { // 账号不存在
    			msg = "用户名与密码不匹配，请检查后重新输入！";
    		} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) { // 账号与密码不匹配
    			msg = "用户名与密码不匹配，请检查后重新输入！";
    		} catch (LockedAccountException lae) { // 账号已被锁定
    			msg = "该账户已被锁定，如需解锁请联系管理员！";
    		} catch (AuthenticationException ae) { // 其他身份验证异常
    			msg = "登录异常，请联系管理员！";
    		}
    		BaseResponse<Object> ret = new BaseResponse<Object>();
    		if (loginSuccess) {
    			// 若登录成功，签发 JWT token
    			String jwtToken = JwtUtils.sign(userName, JwtUtils.SECRET);
    			// 将签发的 JWT token 设置到 HttpServletResponse 的 Header 中
    			((HttpServletResponse) response).setHeader(JwtUtils.AUTH_HEADER, jwtToken);
    			// 
    			ret.setErrCode(0);
    			ret.setMsg(msg);
    			return ret;
    		} else {
    			ret.setErrCode(401);
    			ret.setMsg(msg);
    			return ret;
    		}
    
    	}
    
    	@GetMapping("/logout")
    	public Object logout() {
    		BaseResponse<Object> ret = new BaseResponse<Object>();
    		ret.setErrCode(0);
    		ret.setMsg("退出登录");
    		return ret;
    	}
    }

### ShiroRealm.java ###

由于用户登录时 subject.login(token) 方法中 token 的类型为 UsernamePasswordToken ，所以会进入 ShiroRealm 查询数据库获取用户信息。

import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.HashSet;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Set;
    
    import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.LockedAccountException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
    import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
    import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
    import org.apache.shiro.util.ByteSource;
    
    import com.pengjunlee.domain.UserEntity;
     
    /**
     * 同时开启身份验证和权限验证，需要继承 AuthorizingRealm 
     * 并实现其  doGetAuthenticationInfo()和 doGetAuthorizationInfo 两个方法
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
    public class ShiroRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
     
    	public static Map<String, UserEntity> userMap = new HashMap<String, UserEntity>(16);
    	public static Map<String, Set<String>> roleMap = new HashMap<String, Set<String>>(16);
    	public static Map<String, Set<String>> permMap = new HashMap<String, Set<String>>(16);
     
    	static {
    		UserEntity user1 = new UserEntity(1L, "graython", "dd524c4c66076d1fa07e1fa1c94a91233772d132", "灰先生", false);
    		UserEntity user2 = new UserEntity(2L, "plum", "cce369436bbb9f0325689a3a6d5d6b9b8a3f39a0", "李先生", false);
     
    		userMap.put("graython", user1);
    		userMap.put("plum", user2);
     
    		roleMap.put("graython", new HashSet<String>() {
    			{
    				add("admin");
     
    			}
    		});
    		
    		roleMap.put("plum", new HashSet<String>() {
    			{
    				add("guest");
    			}
    		});
    		permMap.put("plum", new HashSet<String>() {
    			{
    				add("article:read");
    			}
    		});
    	}
     
    	/**
    	 * 限定这个 Realm 只处理 UsernamePasswordToken
    	 */
    	@Override
    	public boolean supports(AuthenticationToken token) {
    		return token instanceof UsernamePasswordToken;
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 查询数据库，将获取到的用户安全数据封装返回
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
    		// 从 AuthenticationToken 中获取当前用户
    		String username = (String) token.getPrincipal();
    		// 查询数据库获取用户信息，此处使用 Map 来模拟数据库
    		UserEntity user = userMap.get(username);
     
    		// 用户不存在
    		if (user == null) {
    			throw new UnknownAccountException("用户不存在！");
    		}
     
    		// 用户被锁定
    		if (user.getLocked()) {
    			throw new LockedAccountException("该用户已被锁定,暂时无法登录！");
    		}
     
    		// 使用用户名作为盐值
    		ByteSource credentialsSalt = ByteSource.Util.bytes(username);
     
    		/**
    		 * 将获取到的用户数据封装成 AuthenticationInfo 对象返回，此处封装为 SimpleAuthenticationInfo 对象。
    		 *  参数1. 认证的实体信息，可以是从数据库中获取到的用户实体类对象或者用户名 
    		 *  参数2. 查询获取到的登录密码 
    		 *  参数3. 盐值
    		 *  参数4. 当前 Realm 对象的名称，直接调用父类的 getName() 方法即可
    		 */
    		SimpleAuthenticationInfo info = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, user.getPassword(), credentialsSalt,
    				getName());
    		return info;
    	}
     
    	/**
    	 * 查询数据库，将获取到的用户的角色及权限信息返回
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
    		// 获取当前用户
    		UserEntity currentUser = (UserEntity) SecurityUtils.getSubject().getPrincipal();
    		// UserEntity currentUser = (UserEntity)principals.getPrimaryPrincipal();
    		// 查询数据库，获取用户的角色信息
    		Set<String> roles = roleMap.get(currentUser.getName());
    		// 查询数据库，获取用户的权限信息
    		Set<String> perms = permMap.get(currentUser.getName());
     
    		SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
    		info.setRoles(roles);
    		info.setStringPermissions(perms);
    		return info;
    	}
     
    }

//加密密码
            String password = new SimpleHash("MD5", user.getPassword(), user.getUserName(), 1024).toString();

### BaseResponse.java ###

为了方便演示，本例中所有请求均返回Json响应。

import java.io.Serializable;
    
    public class BaseResponse<T> implements Serializable {
    
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
    	/**
    	 * 状态码
    	 */
    	private int errCode;
    
    	/**
    	 * 消息内容
    	 */
    	private String msg;
    
    	/**
    	 * 返回数据
    	 */
    	private T data;
    
    	public BaseResponse() {
    		super();
    	}
    
    	public BaseResponse(int errCode, String msg, T data) {
    		super();
    		this.errCode = errCode;
    		this.msg = msg;
    		this.data = data;
    	}
    
    	public int getErrCode() {
    		return errCode;
    	}
    
    	public void setErrCode(int errCode) {
    		this.errCode = errCode;
    	}
    
    	public String getMsg() {
    		return msg;
    	}
    
    	public void setMsg(String msg) {
    		this.msg = msg;
    	}
    
    	public T getData() {
    		return data;
    	}
    
    	public void setData(T data) {
    		this.data = data;
    	}
    
    }

### UserEntity.java ###

UserEntity 用户实体类定义如下。

import java.io.Serializable;
    
    public class UserEntity implements Serializable {
    
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
    	private Long id; // 主键ID
    
    	private String name; // 登录用户名
    
    	private String password; // 登录密码
    
    	private String nickName; // 昵称
    
    	private Boolean locked; // 账户是否被锁定
    
    	public UserEntity() {
    		super();
    	}
    
    	public UserEntity(Long id, String name, String password, String nickName, Boolean locked) {
    		super();
    		this.id = id;
    		this.name = name;
    		this.password = password;
    		this.nickName = nickName;
    		this.locked = locked;
    	}
    
    	// 此处省略各属性的 getXXX() 和 setXXX() 方法
    
    	public Long getId() {
    		return id;
    	}
    
    	public void setId(Long id) {
    		this.id = id;
    	}
    
    	public String getName() {
    		return name;
    	}
    
    	public void setName(String name) {
    		this.name = name;
    	}
    
    	public String getPassword() {
    		return password;
    	}
    
    	public void setPassword(String password) {
    		this.password = password;
    	}
    
    	public String getNickName() {
    		return nickName;
    	}
    
    	public void setNickName(String nickName) {
    		this.nickName = nickName;
    	}
    
    	public Boolean getLocked() {
    		return locked;
    	}
    
    	public void setLocked(Boolean locked) {
    		this.locked = locked;
    	}
    
    }

## 签发Token ##

我们将 Token 的常用操作封装到 JwtUtils 工具类中。

import java.util.Calendar;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Map.Entry;
    
    import org.apache.shiro.crypto.SecureRandomNumberGenerator;
    
    import com.auth0.jwt.JWT;
    import com.auth0.jwt.JWTCreator.Builder;
    import com.auth0.jwt.JWTVerifier;
    import com.auth0.jwt.algorithms.Algorithm;
    import com.auth0.jwt.exceptions.JWTCreationException;
    import com.auth0.jwt.exceptions.JWTDecodeException;
    import com.auth0.jwt.exceptions.JWTVerificationException;
    import com.auth0.jwt.interfaces.Claim;
    import com.auth0.jwt.interfaces.DecodedJWT;
    
    public class JwtUtils {
    
    	// 过期时间5分钟
    	private static final long EXPIRE_TIME = 5 * 60 * 1000;
    
    	// 私钥
    	public static final String SECRET = "SECRET_VALUE";
    
    	// 请求头
    	public static final String AUTH_HEADER = "X-Authorization-With";
    
    	/**
    	 * 验证token是否正确
    	 */
    	public static boolean verify(String token, String username, String secret) {
    		try {
    			Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(secret);
    			JWTVerifier verifier = JWT.require(algorithm).withClaim("username", username).build();
    			verifier.verify(token);
    			return true;
    		} catch (JWTVerificationException exception) {
    			return false;
    		}
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 获得token中的自定义信息，无需secret解密也能获得
    	 */
    	public static String getClaimFiled(String token, String filed) {
    		try {
    			DecodedJWT jwt = JWT.decode(token);
    			return jwt.getClaim(filed).asString();
    		} catch (JWTDecodeException e) {
    			return null;
    		}
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 生成签名
    	 */
    	public static String sign(String username, String secret) {
    		try {
    			Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRE_TIME);
    			Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(secret);
    			// 附带username，nickname信息
    			return JWT.create().withClaim("username", username).withExpiresAt(date).sign(algorithm);
    		} catch (JWTCreationException e) {
    			return null;
    		}
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 获取 token的签发时间
    	 */
    	public static Date getIssuedAt(String token) {
    		try {
    			DecodedJWT jwt = JWT.decode(token);
    			return jwt.getIssuedAt();
    		} catch (JWTDecodeException e) {
    			return null;
    		}
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 验证 token是否过期
    	 */
    	public static boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
    		Date now = Calendar.getInstance().getTime();
    		DecodedJWT jwt = JWT.decode(token);
    		return jwt.getExpiresAt().before(now);
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 刷新 token的过期时间
    	 */
    	public static String refreshTokenExpired(String token, String secret) {
    		DecodedJWT jwt = JWT.decode(token);
    		Map<String, Claim> claims = jwt.getClaims();
    		try {
    			Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRE_TIME);
    			Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(secret);
    			Builder builer = JWT.create().withExpiresAt(date);
    			for (Entry<String, Claim> entry : claims.entrySet()) {
    				builer.withClaim(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().asString());
    			}
    			return builer.sign(algorithm);
    		} catch (JWTCreationException e) {
    			return null;
    		}
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 生成16位随机盐
    	 */
    	public static String generateSalt() {
    		SecureRandomNumberGenerator secureRandom = new SecureRandomNumberGenerator();
    		String hex = secureRandom.nextBytes(16).toHex();
    		return hex;
    	}
    }

## 再次请求 ##

### ArticleController.java ###

ArticleController有两个示例接口：访问 /article/delete 需要 admin 角色；访问 /article/read 需要 article:read 权限。

import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresPermissions;
    import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresRoles;
    import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import com.pengjunlee.domain.BaseResponse;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/article")
    public class ArticleController {
    
    	@GetMapping("/delete")
    	@RequiresRoles(value = { "admin" })
    	public Object deleteArticle(ModelMap model) {
    		BaseResponse<Object> ret = new BaseResponse<Object>();
    		ret.setErrCode(0);
    		ret.setMsg("文章删除成功！");
    		return ret;
    	}
    
    	@GetMapping("/read")
    	@RequiresPermissions(value = { "article:read" })
    	public Object readArticle(ModelMap model) {
    		BaseResponse<Object> ret = new BaseResponse<Object>();
    		ret.setErrCode(0);
    		ret.setMsg("请您鉴赏！");
    		return ret;
    	}
    
    }

### JwtFilter.java ###

根据ShiroConfig中FilterChainDefinitionMap的配置，/article/delete 和 /article/read 两个请求都会被 jwtFilter 过滤器拦截。

jwtFilter 先检查请求头中是否包含 JWT token，若不包含直接拒绝访问。反之，jwtFilter 会将请求头中包含的 JWT token 封装成 JwtToken 对象，并调用 subject.login(token) 方法交给Shiro去进行登录判断。

import java.io.PrintWriter;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
    import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
    import org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter;
    import org.apache.shiro.web.util.WebUtils;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    
    /**
     * 自定义的认证过滤器，用来拦截Header中携带 JWT token的请求
     */
    public class JwtFilter extends BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter {
    
    	private Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
    
    	/**
    	 * 前置处理
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected boolean preHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    		HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = WebUtils.toHttp(request);
    		HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = WebUtils.toHttp(response);
    		// 跨域时会首先发送一个option请求，这里我们给option请求直接返回正常状态
    		if (httpServletRequest.getMethod().equals(RequestMethod.OPTIONS.name())) {
    			httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpStatus.OK.value());
    			return false;
    		}
    		return super.preHandle(request, response);
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 后置处理
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected void postHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
    		// 添加跨域支持
    		this.fillCorsHeader(WebUtils.toHttp(request), WebUtils.toHttp(response));
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 过滤器拦截请求的入口方法 
    	 * 返回 true 则允许访问 
    	 * 返回false 则禁止访问，会进入 onAccessDenied()
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) {
    		// 原用来判断是否是登录请求，在本例中不会拦截登录请求，用来检测Header中是否包含 JWT token 字段
    		if (this.isLoginRequest(request, response))
    			return false;
    		boolean allowed = false;
    		try {
    			// 检测Header里的 JWT token内容是否正确，尝试使用 token进行登录
    			allowed = executeLogin(request, response);
    		} catch (IllegalStateException e) { // not found any token
    			log.error("Not found any token");
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			log.error("Error occurs when login", e);
    		}
    		return allowed || super.isPermissive(mappedValue);
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 检测Header中是否包含 JWT token 字段
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected boolean isLoginAttempt(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
    		return ((HttpServletRequest) request).getHeader(JwtUtils.AUTH_HEADER) == null;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 身份验证,检查 JWT token 是否合法
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected boolean executeLogin(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    		AuthenticationToken token = createToken(request, response);
    		if (token == null) {
    			String msg = "createToken method implementation returned null. A valid non-null AuthenticationToken "
    					+ "must be created in order to execute a login attempt.";
    			throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
    		}
    		try {
    			Subject subject = getSubject(request, response);
    			subject.login(token); // 交给 Shiro 去进行登录验证
    			return onLoginSuccess(token, subject, request, response);
    		} catch (AuthenticationException e) {
    			return onLoginFailure(token, e, request, response);
    		}
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 从 Header 里提取 JWT token
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected AuthenticationToken createToken(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) {
    		HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
    		String authorization = httpServletRequest.getHeader(JwtUtils.AUTH_HEADER);
    		JwtToken token = new JwtToken(authorization);
    		return token;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * isAccessAllowed()方法返回false，会进入该方法，表示拒绝访问
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected boolean onAccessDenied(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws Exception {
    		HttpServletResponse httpResponse = WebUtils.toHttp(servletResponse);
    		httpResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    		httpResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
    		httpResponse.setStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value());
    		PrintWriter writer = httpResponse.getWriter();
    		writer.write("{\"errCode\": 401, \"msg\": \"UNAUTHORIZED\"}");
    		fillCorsHeader(WebUtils.toHttp(servletRequest), httpResponse);
    		return false;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * Shiro 利用 JWT token 登录成功，会进入该方法
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected boolean onLoginSuccess(AuthenticationToken token, Subject subject, ServletRequest request,
    			ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    		HttpServletResponse httpResponse = WebUtils.toHttp(response);
    		String newToken = null;
    		if (token instanceof JwtToken) {
    			newToken = JwtUtils.refreshTokenExpired(token.getCredentials().toString(), JwtUtils.SECRET);
    		}
    		if (newToken != null)
    			httpResponse.setHeader(JwtUtils.AUTH_HEADER, newToken);
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * Shiro 利用 JWT token 登录失败，会进入该方法
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected boolean onLoginFailure(AuthenticationToken token, AuthenticationException e, ServletRequest request,
    			ServletResponse response) {
    		// 此处直接返回 false ，交给后面的  onAccessDenied()方法进行处理
    		return false;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 添加跨域支持
    	 */
    	protected void fillCorsHeader(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
    		httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-control-Allow-Origin", httpServletRequest.getHeader("Origin"));
    		httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,POST,OPTIONS,HEAD");
    		httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers",
    				httpServletRequest.getHeader("Access-Control-Request-Headers"));
    	}
    }

### JwtToken.java ###

JwtToken 和 UsernamePasswordToken 差不多，都是 AuthenticationToken 接口的实现类。

import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
    
    public class JwtToken implements AuthenticationToken {
    
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
    	// 加密后的 JWT token串
    	private String token;
    
    	private String userName;
    
    	public JwtToken(String token) {
    		this.token = token;
    		this.userName = JwtUtils.getClaimFiled(token, "username");
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public Object getPrincipal() {
    		return this.userName;
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public Object getCredentials() {
    		return token;
    	}
    }

### JwtRealm.java ###

这次由于用户登录时 subject.login(token) 方法中 token 的类型为 JwtToken ，所以会由 JwtRealm 进行处理。

import java.util.Set;
    
    import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AccountException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.LockedAccountException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
    import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
    
    import com.pengjunlee.domain.UserEntity;
    import com.pengjunlee.jwt.JwtToken;
    
    /**
     * JwtRealm 只负责校验 JwtToken
     */
    public class JwtRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    
    	/**
    	 * 限定这个 Realm 只处理我们自定义的 JwtToken
    	 */
    	@Override
    	public boolean supports(AuthenticationToken token) {
    		return token instanceof JwtToken;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 此处的 SimpleAuthenticationInfo 可返回任意值，密码校验时不会用到它
    	 */
    	@Override
    	protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authcToken)
    			throws AuthenticationException {
    		JwtToken jwtToken = (JwtToken) authcToken;
    		if (jwtToken.getPrincipal() == null) {
    			throw new AccountException("JWT token参数异常！");
    		}
    		// 从 JwtToken 中获取当前用户
    		String username = jwtToken.getPrincipal().toString();
    		// 查询数据库获取用户信息，此处使用 Map 来模拟数据库
    		UserEntity user = ShiroRealm.userMap.get(username);
    
    		// 用户不存在
    		if (user == null) {
    			throw new UnknownAccountException("用户不存在！");
    		}
    
    		// 用户被锁定
    		if (user.getLocked()) {
    			throw new LockedAccountException("该用户已被锁定,暂时无法登录！");
    		}
    
    		SimpleAuthenticationInfo info = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, username, getName());
    		return info;
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
    		// 获取当前用户
    		UserEntity currentUser = (UserEntity) SecurityUtils.getSubject().getPrincipal();
    		// UserEntity currentUser = (UserEntity) principals.getPrimaryPrincipal();
    		// 查询数据库，获取用户的角色信息
    		Set<String> roles = ShiroRealm.roleMap.get(currentUser.getName());
    		// 查询数据库，获取用户的权限信息
    		Set<String> perms = ShiroRealm.permMap.get(currentUser.getName());
    		SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
    		info.setRoles(roles);
    		info.setStringPermissions(perms);
    		return info;
    	}
    
    }

### JwtCredentialsMatcher.java ###

跟 ShiroRealm 不一样，JwtRealm 不需要拿传入的 JwtToken 和其他的 Token 去做比对，只需验证JwtToken自身的内容是否合法即可。所以，我们需要为 JwtRealm 自定义一个 CredentialsMatcher 实现。

import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.CredentialsMatcher;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    
    import com.auth0.jwt.JWT;
    import com.auth0.jwt.JWTVerifier;
    import com.auth0.jwt.algorithms.Algorithm;
    import com.auth0.jwt.exceptions.JWTVerificationException;
    import com.pengjunlee.jwt.JwtUtils;
    
    public class JwtCredentialsMatcher implements CredentialsMatcher {
    
    	private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
    
    	/**
    	 * JwtCredentialsMatcher只需验证JwtToken内容是否合法
    	 */
    	@Override
    	public boolean doCredentialsMatch(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken, AuthenticationInfo authenticationInfo) {
    
    		String token = authenticationToken.getCredentials().toString();
    		String username = authenticationToken.getPrincipal().toString();
    		try {
    			Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(JwtUtils.SECRET);
    			JWTVerifier verifier = JWT.require(algorithm).withClaim("username", username).build();
    			verifier.verify(token);
    			return true;
    		} catch (JWTVerificationException e) {
    			logger.error(e.getMessage());
    		}
    		return false;
    	}
    
    }

### MultiRealmAuthenticator.java ###

MultiRealmAuthenticator 用来解决Shiro中出现的具体的认证异常无法正常返回，仅返回父类 AuthenticationException 的问题。

import java.util.Collection;
    
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.AuthenticationStrategy;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator;
    import org.apache.shiro.realm.Realm;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    
    /**
     * 自定义认证器，解决 Shiro 异常无法返回的问题
     */
    public class MultiRealmAuthenticator extends ModularRealmAuthenticator {
    
    	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MultiRealmAuthenticator.class);
    
    	@Override
    	protected AuthenticationInfo doMultiRealmAuthentication(Collection<Realm> realms, AuthenticationToken token)
    			throws AuthenticationException {
    		AuthenticationStrategy strategy = getAuthenticationStrategy();
    
    		AuthenticationInfo aggregate = strategy.beforeAllAttempts(realms, token);
    
    		if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
    			log.trace("Iterating through {} realms for PAM authentication", realms.size());
    		}
    		AuthenticationException authenticationException = null;
    		for (Realm realm : realms) {
    
    			aggregate = strategy.beforeAttempt(realm, token, aggregate);
    
    			if (realm.supports(token)) {
    
    				log.trace("Attempting to authenticate token [{}] using realm [{}]", token, realm);
    
    				AuthenticationInfo info = null;
    				try {
    					info = realm.getAuthenticationInfo(token);
    				} catch (AuthenticationException e) {
    					authenticationException = e;
    					if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
    						String msg = "Realm [" + realm
    								+ "] threw an exception during a multi-realm authentication attempt:";
    						log.debug(msg, e);
    					}
    				}
    
    				aggregate = strategy.afterAttempt(realm, token, info, aggregate, authenticationException);
    
    			} else {
    				log.debug("Realm [{}] does not support token {}.  Skipping realm.", realm, token);
    			}
    		}
    		if (authenticationException != null) {
    			throw authenticationException;
    		}
    		aggregate = strategy.afterAllAttempts(token, aggregate);
    
    		return aggregate;
    	}
    }

### ExceptionController.java ###

ExceptionController 负责对 Controller中抛出的异常进行捕获处理。

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    
    import org.apache.shiro.ShiroException;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
    
    import com.pengjunlee.domain.BaseResponse;
    
    @RestControllerAdvice
    /**
     * 处理全局异常
     */
    public class ExceptionController {
    
    	// 捕捉shiro的异常
    	@ExceptionHandler(ShiroException.class)
    	public Object handleShiroException(ShiroException e) {
    		BaseResponse<Object> ret = new BaseResponse<Object>();
    		ret.setErrCode(401);
    		ret.setMsg(e.getMessage());
    		return ret;
    	}
    
    	// 捕捉其他所有异常
    	@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    	public Object globalException(HttpServletRequest request, Throwable ex) {
    		BaseResponse<Object> ret = new BaseResponse<Object>();
    		ret.setErrCode(401);
    		ret.setMsg(ex.getMessage());
    		return ret;
    	}
    }

# 请求测试 #

## 登录成功 ##

输入正确的用户名和密码，登录成功。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3BlbmdqdW5sZWU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

查看响应头中返回的 JWT token。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3BlbmdqdW5sZWU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

## 登录失败 ##

输入正确的用户名和错误的密码，登录失败。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3BlbmdqdW5sZWU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

## 阅读文章 ##

使用graython账号登录，不具备文章阅读权限。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3BlbmdqdW5sZWU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

## 删除文章 ##

使用graython账号登录，可以删除文章。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3BlbmdqdW5sZWU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

项目地址：[https://github.com/pengjunlee/shiro-jwt.git][https_github.com_pengjunlee_shiro-jwt.git]

# 参考文章 #

[https://www.jianshu.com/p/0b1131be7ace][https_www.jianshu.com_p_0b1131be7ace]

[Link 1]: https://jwt.io/introduction/
[10_JSON Web_JWT]: https://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/95338554
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[https_github.com_pengjunlee_shiro-jwt.git]: https://github.com/pengjunlee/shiro-jwt.git
[https_www.jianshu.com_p_0b1131be7ace]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/0b1131be7ace