测试-Mockito的使用

╰半橙微兮° 2021-12-17 16:45 381阅读 0赞

# 一、Mockito简述 #

> Mockito的工作原理是通过创建依赖对象的proxy，所有的调用先经过proxy对象，proxy对象拦截了所有的请求再根据预设的返回值进行处理。

1.  Mockito包依赖：

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.23.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

# 二、Mockito的使用 #

> Mockito一般通过创建mock或spy对象，并制定具体返回规则来实现模拟的功能，在调用完成后还可以进行方法调用验证以检验程序逻辑是否正确。mock和spy对象的区别是mock对象对于未指定处理规则的调用会按方法返回值类型返回该类型的默认值（如int、long则返回0，boolean则返回false，对象则返回null，void则什么都不做），而spy对象在未指定处理规则时则会直接调用真实方法。

1.  首先先写实体类

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1.  整体的项目架构是这样的

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# 三、下边是mock和spy的实例 #

1.  mock和spy的区别

1.  mock的实例

package serviceImpl;
    
    import entity.Node;
    import org.junit.After;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
    import org.mockito.Mock;
    import org.mockito.Mockito;
    import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
    import org.powermock.reflect.Whitebox;
    
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
    public class LocalServiceImplMockTest {
        @InjectMocks
        private LocalServiceImpl localService;
        @Mock
        private RemoteServiceImpl remoteService;
    //    private LocalServiceImpl localService;
    //    private RemoteServiceImpl remoteService;
    //
    //    @Before
    //    public void setUp() throws Exception {
    //        localService = new LocalServiceImpl();
    //        remoteService = Mockito.mock(RemoteServiceImpl.class);  //创建Mock对象
    //        Whitebox.setInternalState(localService, "remoteService", remoteService); //注入依赖对象
    //    }
    
        @Test
        public void testMock() {
            Node target = new Node(1, "target");    //创建一个Node对象作为返回值
            Mockito.when(remoteService.getRemoteNode(1)).thenReturn(target);//指定当remoteService.getRemoteNode(int)方法传入参数为1时返回target对象
            Node result = localService.getRemoteNode(1);    //调用我们的业务方法，业务方法内部调用依赖对象方法
            assertEquals(target, result);   //可以断言我们得到的返回值其实就是target对象
            assertEquals(1, result.getNum());   //具体属性和我们指定的返回值相同
            assertEquals("target", result.getName());   //具体属性和我们指定的返回值相同
    
            Node result2 = localService.getRemoteNode(2);   //未指定参数为2时对应的返回规则
            assertNull(result2);    //未指定时返回为null
        }
    }

1.  spy的实例

package serviceImpl;
    
    import entity.Node;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
    import org.mockito.Mock;
    import org.mockito.Mockito;
    import org.mockito.Spy;
    import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
    
    import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
    import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
    import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
    
    @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
    public class LocalServiceImplSpyTest {
        @InjectMocks
        private LocalServiceImpl localService;
        @Spy
        private RemoteServiceImpl remoteService;
        @Test
        public void testSpy() {
    //        Node target = new Node(1, "target");    //创建一个Node对象作为返回值
    //        Mockito.when(remoteService.getRemoteNode(1)).thenReturn(target); //指定当remoteService.getRemoteNode(int)方法传入参数为1时返回target对象
    //        Node result = localService.getRemoteNode(1);    //调用我们的业务方法，业务方法内部调用依赖对象方法
    //        assertEquals(target, result);   //可以断言我们得到的返回值其实就是target对象
    //        assertEquals(1, result.getNum());   //具体属性和我们指定的返回值相同
    //        assertEquals("target", result.getName());   //具体属性和我们指定的返回值相同
    
            Node result2 = localService.getRemoteNode(2);   //未指定参数为2时的调用规则，所以会直接调用真实对象，返回remote创建的节点
            assertEquals(2, result2.getNum());
            assertEquals("Node from remote service", result2.getName());    //remoteService创建Node对象时设置name属性为"Node from remote service"
        }
        @Test
        public void testSpy2(){
            Node result3 = new Node(2,"Node from remote service");
            Mockito.when(localService.getRemoteNode(2)).thenReturn(result3);
            assertEquals("Node from remote service", result3.getName());    //remoteService创建Node对象时设置name属性为"Node from remote service"
        }
        @Test
        public void testAny(){
            Node target = new Node(1,"Node from remote service");
            Mockito.when(remoteService.getRemoteNode(anyInt())).thenReturn(target);
            Node result = localService.getRemoteNode(1);
            assertEquals(result,target);
            assertEquals("Node from remote service",result.getName());
        }
    }

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