MATLAB·gui设计简单计算器应用实例

我就是我 2022-01-10 15:57 290阅读 0赞

MATLAB 程序设计基础之gui设计

# 简单计算器应用实例 #

## 一、实验目的 ##

**掌握Matlab图形用户界面的设计流程**

## 二、实验内容 ##

**用matlab设计有图形界面的计算器程序，其中清空和退出功能使用菜单栏实现（例子：calculator1）**

## 三、实验过程记录和运行结果分析 ##

先打开matlab新建gui用户界面，构思好自己的计算机界面后右键单击查看回调函数，补充相应功能  
**1.相应功能：基本加减乘除操作，使用菜单栏编辑退出键和清零键**

**2.图形界面设计如下：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzAxOTk5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

1.  使用按钮`button`和静态文本框组合，在静态文本框显示输入输出结果  
    双击按钮修改`string` 栏以显示想要的数字及运算符
2.  具体功能实现，右键单击按钮查看回调函数补充相应功能

*  数字功能：

textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'0');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)

0~9方法相似，将’0’修改为其他相应数字即可

*  符号：

textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'+');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)

*  等于：

textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    ans=eval(textString);
    set(handles.text1,'String',ans)

*  返回退出：`close(gcf)`
 *  清零： `set(handles.text1,'String',' ')`
 *  下拉菜单栏：在设计的figure文件页面，打开工具中的菜单编辑器，同样打开回调函数修改相应功能  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNzAxOTk5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
    3.应用  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20190619232209744.png]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][2019061923222614.png]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20190619232238681.png]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20190619232248319.png]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20190619232255901.png]

## 四、实验总结 ##

**1.熟练掌握gui图形界面设计**

**2. 主要函数:**  
figure=：创建新图形窗口对象 ; set: 设置图形对象各属性 ;  
get: 获取图形对象各属性

设置：set（handles.控件的tag,‘要设置的属性名’,‘要设置的属性值’）。比如：set(handles.edit1,‘string’,'hello world’);  
获取：get（handles.控件的tag,‘要获取的属性名’）  
函数参数：hObject ：当前figure的句柄；  
eventdata：为了兼容将来版本的保留接口,直接忽略;  
handles：结构体，包含figure中所有对象句柄，初始化结束后， 所有初始数据保存到变量handles中

1.  学会使用回调函数

## 五、实验代码 ##

function varargout = text1(varargin)
    % TEXT1 MATLAB code for text1.fig
    %      TEXT1, by itself, creates a new TEXT1 or raises the existing
    %      singleton*.
    %
    %      H = TEXT1 returns the handle to a new TEXT1 or the handle to
    %      the existing singleton*.
    %
    %      TEXT1('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
    %      function named CALLBACK in TEXT1.M with the given input arguments.
    %
    %      TEXT1('Property','Value',...) creates a new TEXT1 or raises the
    %      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
    %      applied to the GUI before text1_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
    %      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
    %      stop.  All inputs are passed to text1_OpeningFcn via varargin.
    %
    %      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
    %      instance to run (singleton)".
    %
    % See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
     
    % Edit the above text to modify the response to help text1
     
    % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 18-Jun-2019 22:54:39
     
    % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
    gui_Singleton = 1;
    gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                       'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                       'gui_OpeningFcn', @text1_OpeningFcn, ...
                       'gui_OutputFcn',  @text1_OutputFcn, ...
                       'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                       'gui_Callback',   []);
    if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
        gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
    end
     
    if nargout
        [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
    else
        gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
    end
    % End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
     
     
    % --- Executes just before text1 is made visible.
    function text1_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
    % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
    % hObject    handle to figure
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    % varargin   command line arguments to text1 (see VARARGIN)
     
    % Choose default command line output for text1
    handles.output = hObject;
     
    % Update handles structure
    guidata(hObject, handles);
     
    % UIWAIT makes text1 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
    % uiwait(handles.figure1);
     
     
    % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
    function varargout = text1_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
    % varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
    % hObject    handle to figure
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
     
    % Get default command line output from handles structure
    varargout{1} = handles.output;
     
     
     
    function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
     
    % Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text
    %        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double
     
     
    % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
    function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
     
    % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
    %       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
    if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
        set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
    end
     
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
    function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'0');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3.
    function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'2');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton4.
    function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'1');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton6.
    function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'3');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton7.
    function pushbutton7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'4');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton8.
    function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'5');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton9.
    function pushbutton9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton9 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'6');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton10.
    function pushbutton10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton10 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'7');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton11.
    function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton11 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'8');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton12.
    function pushbutton12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton12 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'9');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton13.
    function pushbutton13_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton13 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    set(handles.text1,'String',' ')
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton14.
    function pushbutton14_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton14 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    ans=eval(textString);
    set(handles.text1,'String',ans)
     
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton15.
    function pushbutton15_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton15 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'+');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton16.
    function pushbutton16_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton16 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'-');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton17.
    function pushbutton17_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton17 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'*');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
     
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton18.
    function pushbutton18_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton18 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'/');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)
     
     
    % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
    function text1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to text1 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
     
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton19.
    function pushbutton19_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton19 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
     
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton20.
    function pushbutton20_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton20 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    close(gcf)
     
    % --------------------------------------------------------------------
    function Untitled_1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to Untitled_1 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    close(gcf)
     
     
    % --------------------------------------------------------------------
    function Untitled_2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to Untitled_2 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    set(handles.text1,'String','')
     
     
    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton21.
    function pushbutton21_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    % hObject    handle to pushbutton21 (see GCBO)
    % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
    % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
    textString = get(handles.text1,'String');
    textString = strcat(textString,'.');
    set(handles.text1,'String',textString)

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