ELK生态：linux系统安装和配置kibana管理工具

左手的ㄟ右手 2022-01-14 12:13 271阅读 0赞

### 简介 ###

*  Kibana是一个针对Elasticsearch的开源分析及可视化平台，用来搜索、查看交互存储在Elasticsearch索引中的数据；
 *  使用Kibana，可以通过各种图表进行高级数据分析及展示，是对elasticsearch搜索引擎进行有效管理的工具；

### 实践 ###

*  上一篇博客，我们已经对elasticsearch在linux系统上安装进行了详细的说明，那么es运行起来之后，我们需要选择一种可视化的管理工具对es进行管理，那么kibana就是其中一种管理工具，相对来说是比较好用的（另一种管理工具是head工具，这里就不进行详细说明了，有需要可以自行百度）；
 *  首先，下载kibana-5.6.1压缩安装包，下载路径可参考如下：

1.  windows版本：[kibana-5.6.1工具包下载][kibana-5.6.1]；
2.  linux版本：[kibana-5.6.1-linux][]；

*  这里我们选择linux版本的kibana安装，然后，在linux存放es的同级目录下解压（方便管理）；
 *  解压之后，就开始进行文件配置了，找到config目录下的kibana.yml文件，然后进行配置，具体的参考配置如下，为了方便下面的配置只设置了本机地址和es访问连接地址，有其他需求的话可继续配置：

#设置kibna端口；默认5601
    #server.port: 5601
    # Specifies the address to which the Kibana server will bind. IP addresses and host names are both valid values.
    # The default is 'localhost', which usually means remote machines will not be able to connect.
    #设置本机IP地址
    server.host: "127.0.0.1"
    
    # Enables you to specify a path to mount Kibana at if you are running behind a proxy. This only affects
    # the URLs generated by Kibana, your proxy is expected to remove the basePath value before forwarding requests
    # to Kibana. This setting cannot end in a slash.
    #server.basePath: ""
    
    # The maximum payload size in bytes for incoming server requests.
    #server.maxPayloadBytes: 1048576
    
    # The Kibana server's name.  This is used for display purposes.
    #server.name: "your-hostname"
    
    #设置ES访问地址（自行修改），端口9200
    elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.1.1:9200"
    
    # When this setting's value is true Kibana uses the hostname specified in the server.host
    # setting. When the value of this setting is false, Kibana uses the hostname of the host
    # that connects to this Kibana instance.
    #elasticsearch.preserveHost: true
    
    # Kibana uses an index in Elasticsearch to store saved searches, visualizations and
    # dashboards. Kibana creates a new index if the index doesn't already exist.
    #kibana.index: ".kibana"
    
    # The default application to load.
    #kibana.defaultAppId: "discover"
    
    # If your Elasticsearch is protected with basic authentication, these settings provide
    # the username and password that the Kibana server uses to perform maintenance on the Kibana
    #
    # 设置访问kibana时的用户名；默认为空；可以直接访问
    #elasticsearch.username: "user"
    #
    # 设置访问kibana时的密码；默认为空；可以直接访问
    #elasticsearch.password: "pass"
    
    # Enables SSL and paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and SSL key files, respectively.
    # These settings enable SSL for outgoing requests from the Kibana server to the browser.
    #server.ssl.enabled: false
    #server.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/server.crt
    #server.ssl.key: /path/to/your/server.key
    
    # Optional settings that provide the paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and key files.
    # These files validate that your Elasticsearch backend uses the same key files.
    #elasticsearch.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/client.crt
    #elasticsearch.ssl.key: /path/to/your/client.key
    
    # Optional setting that enables you to specify a path to the PEM file for the certificate
    # authority for your Elasticsearch instance.
    #elasticsearch.ssl.certificateAuthorities: [ "/path/to/your/CA.pem" ]
    
    # To disregard the validity of SSL certificates, change this setting's value to 'none'.
    #elasticsearch.ssl.verificationMode: full
    
    # Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch to respond to pings. Defaults to the value of
    # the elasticsearch.requestTimeout setting.
    #elasticsearch.pingTimeout: 1500
    
    # Time in milliseconds to wait for responses from the back end or Elasticsearch. This value
    # must be a positive integer.
    #elasticsearch.requestTimeout: 30000
    
    # List of Kibana client-side headers to send to Elasticsearch. To send *no* client-side
    # headers, set this value to [] (an empty list).
    #elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist: [ authorization ]
    
    # Header names and values that are sent to Elasticsearch. Any custom headers cannot be overwritten
    # by client-side headers, regardless of the elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist configuration.
    #elasticsearch.customHeaders: {}
    
    # Time in milliseconds for Elasticsearch to wait for responses from shards. Set to 0 to disable.
    #elasticsearch.shardTimeout: 0
    
    # Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch at Kibana startup before retrying.
    #elasticsearch.startupTimeout: 5000
    
    # Specifies the path where Kibana creates the process ID file.
    #pid.file: /var/run/kibana.pid
    
    # Enables you specify a file where Kibana stores log output.
    #logging.dest: stdout
    
    # Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output.
    #logging.silent: false
    
    # Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output other than error messages.
    #logging.quiet: false
    
    # Set the value of this setting to true to log all events, including system usage information
    # and all requests.
    #logging.verbose: false
    
    # Set the interval in milliseconds to sample system and process performance
    # metrics. Minimum is 100ms. Defaults to 5000.
    #ops.interval: 5000
    
    # The default locale. This locale can be used in certain circumstances to substitute any missing
    # translations.
    #i18n.defaultLocale: "en"

*  最后，启动kibana，进入bin目录，执行以下命令：

#单次运行
    $ ./kibana
    
    #后台运行，进程保护
    $ nohup ./kibana &

*  查看kibana进程，使用传统的 ps aux|grep kibana 命令是无法查看kibana的进程的，执行命令：fuser -n tcp 5601； 
 *  如果停止kibana，可直接执行命令，杀死进程号： kill -9 进程号；

### 问题&解决 ###

**问题1：JDK版本不兼容，或者太低**；

解决： 安装启动kibana的JDK必须1.8或以上，在不改变当前JDK环境变量的情况下，可以在bin目录下的kibana启动文件里面的头部新增如下命令（jdk1.8的linux版本如果没有，需要自行下载，放到指定的路径下），这种解决方式和前面提到过的es启动遇到的问题的解决方式是一样的：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_121
    export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

**问题2：启动kibana的时候可能会报找不到node命令的错误；**

解决：先安装nodejs，配置node环境，具体安装步骤如下：

（1）下载node-v6.10.0-linux-x64.tar.xz安装包（网上一大堆下载，这里就不放上来了），放到kibana同级目录（方便管理）；
    
    （2）tar -xvf node-v6.10.0-linux-x64.tar.xz
    
    （3）mv node-v6.10.0-linux-x64 nodejs
    
    （4）确认一下nodejs下bin目录是否有node 和npm文件，如果有，执行软连接，如果没有，重新下载执行上边步骤；
    
    （5）建立软连接，变为全局
    	    ln -s /app/software/nodejs/bin/npm /usr/local/bin/
            ln -s /app/software/nodejs/bin/node /usr/local/bin/
    	  
    （6）测试node版本：node -v

### 总结 ###

*  以上就是安装kibana管理工具的全过程，可能会出现的问题也提供了相应的解决方法，如果有其他的可能会遇到的问题，欢迎交流；
 *  安装好了kibana之后，访问kibana的地址一般是 ip地址+5601 的端口号，端口号可在配置文件自行更改；
 *  那么es搜索引擎的管理工具kibana也安装完成了，成功对elasticsearch里面的索引和类型进行有效管理，接下来的博客将会讲到如何使用logstash去重oracle、postgresql、sqlserever等数据库全量或增量导入数据到es里面，一键导入各类型数据库数据；

[kibana-5.6.1]: http://download.csdn.net/download/alan_liuyue/10142281
[kibana-5.6.1-linux]: https://download.csdn.net/download/alan_liuyue/11203562