centos 安装 oracle: 使用zip包

╰+攻爆jí腚メ 2022-01-15 02:13 370阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  1, oracle 11g
 *   *  a, 准备工作： 修改系统环境，安装依赖包
     *  b, 静默安装
     *   *  CentOS6 运行 dbca 报错： libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
     *  c, docker oracle编译的Dockerfile
 *  2, oracle 12.1
 *   *  a, el6/7:安装依赖包
     *  b, 配置环境变量和rsp文件
     *  c, 安装过程详解
 *  3, 常见问题排查
 *   *  a, 数据库中文乱码
     *  b, 修改表空间大小

# 1, oracle 11g #

oracle11.2 linux 安装文档：[https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882\_01/install.112/e47689/toc.htm][https_docs.oracle.com_cd_E11882_01_install.112_e47689_toc.htm]  
oracle11.2 linux 安装文档- 静默安装: [https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882\_01/install.112/e47689/app\_nonint.htm\#LADBI1341][https_docs.oracle.com_cd_E11882_01_install.112_e47689_app_nonint.htm_LADBI1341]

## a, 准备工作： 修改系统环境，安装依赖包 ##

#1, 修改系统参数
    cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf<<EOF fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 EOF
    #执行生效
    sysctl -p
    
    cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF oracle soft nproc 4096 oracle hard nproc 65536 oracle soft nofile 4096 oracle hard nofile 65536 EOF
    
    #2, 安装依赖包
    yum -y install unzip \
    	GeoIP acl bc bind-libs bind-libs-lite bind-license bind-utils binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 \
    	cpp cracklib cracklib-dicts cronie cronie-anacron crontabs cryptsetup-libs dbus dbus-libs device-mapper device-mapper-libs \
    	dracut e2fsprogs-libs elfutils-default-yama-scope elfutils-libs ethtool fipscheck fipscheck-lib gcc gcc-c++ geoipupdate glibc-devel \
    	glibc-headers gssproxy gzip hardlink hostname initscripts iproute iptables iputils json-c kernel-headers keyutils kmod kmod-libs kpartx ksh \
    	libICE libSM libX11 libX11-common libXau libXext libXi libXinerama libXmu libXrandr libXrender libXt libXtst libXv libXxf86dga libXxf86misc \
    	libXxf86vm libaio libaio-devel libbasicobjects libcollection libdmx libedit libevent libgomp libini_config libmnl libmpc libnetfilter_conntrack \
    	libnfnetlink libnfsidmap libpath_utils libpwquality libref_array libsmartcols libstdc++-devel libtirpc libuser libutempter libverto-libevent \
    	libxcb lm_sensors-libs lz4 mailx make mpfr nfs-utils openssh openssh-clients pam pkgconfig procps-ng psmisc qrencode-libs quota quota-nls rpcbind \
    	smartmontools sysstat systemd systemd-libs systemd-sysv sysvinit-tools tar tcp_wrappers tcp_wrappers-libs unzip util-linux xorg-x11-utils  xorg-x11-xauth xz 
    
    #3, 配置ulimit参数, 文件系统aio参数
    cat > /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-preinstall.conf  <<EOF oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft nproc 16384 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768 oracle hard memlock 134217728 oracle soft memlock 134217728 EOF
    
    echo fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    sysctl -w fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

## b, 静默安装 ##

#1, 设置环境变量
    cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF export ORACLE_BASE=/mydb/oracle \\ ORACLE_HOME=/mydb/oracle/11 \\ INSTALL_DIR=/tmp/install \\ EDITION="EE" export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/:/usr/sbin:\$PATH \\ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib \\ CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib export ORACLE_SID=ORAC11G \\ DB_GROUP=dba DB_USER=oracle DB_PASSWD=oracle EOF
    source /etc/profile
    mkdir -p $ORACLE_HOME 
    mkdir -p $INSTALL_DIR
    
    
    #2, 创建oracle用户, 修改目录权限
    useradd oracle ; echo oracle:oracle | chpasswd ; groupadd dba; usermod -aG dba oracle
    chown -R oracle:dba $ORACLE_BASE  $INSTALL_DIR
    
    
    #3, 准备oracle1.zip, oracle2.zip, 并提前解压, 并配好应答文件
    [oracle@docker database]$ grep -Ev '^#|^$|.*=$' db_install.rsp
    oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=dba
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mydb/oracle/11/inventory
    SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
    ORACLE_HOME=/mydb/oracle/11
    ORACLE_BASE=/mydb/oracle
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
    oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
    oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
    oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=oracle11
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=oracle11
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=false
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
    [oracle@docker database]$  ./runInstaller -silent -force  -waitforcompletion   -responseFile /tmp/install/database/db_install.rsp -ignoreSysPrereqs  -ignorePrereq
    #
    #安装成功后，按安装提示，以root用户，执行安装后操作
    /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
    /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
    
    
    [oracle@docker database]$  grep -Ev '^#|^$|.*=$' /tmp/install/database/netca.rsp
    [GENERAL]
    RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"
    CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
    [oracle.net.ca]
    INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={ "server","net8","javavm"}
    INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
    LISTENER_NUMBER=1
    LISTENER_NAMES={ "LISTENER"}
    LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={ "TCP;1521"}
    LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
    NAMING_METHODS={ "TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
    NSN_NUMBER=1
    NSN_NAMES={ "EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
    NSN_SERVICE={ "PLSExtProc"}
    NSN_PROTOCOLS={ "TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}
    [root@docker ~]# export DISPLAY=127.0.0.1:1.0
    [root@docker ~]# su oracle
    [root@docker ~]# netca -silent -responsefile /tmp/install/database/netca.rsp
    
    
    [oracle@docker database]$  grep -Ev '^#|^$|.*=$' dbca.rsp
    [GENERAL]
    RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
    OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
    [CREATEDATABASE]
    GDBNAME = "oracle11"
    SID = "oracle11"
    TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
    SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
    SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
    CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
    AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"
    TOTALMEMORY = "1024"
    [oracle@docker database]$ dbca -silent -responsefile  /tmp/install/database/dbca.rsp
    
    
    ##测试oracle使用
    su oracle -c 'sqlplus / as sysdba << EOF select open_mode from v\$database; create user test identified by test; grant resource,connect to test; exit; EOF'
    
    su oracle -c 'sqlplus test/test << EOF create table test(id int); insert into test values(1); select * from test; exit; EOF'
    
    #配置oracle服务启动脚本
    echo " source /etc/profile su oracle -c ' lsnrctl start && \ sqlplus / as sysdba << EOF STARTUP; exit; EOF' " >  /etc/init.d/oracle 
    
    chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle 
    service oracle start

### CentOS6 运行 dbca 报错： libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory ###

[oracle@de3d89126d01 database]$ dbca -silent -responseFile ./dbca.rsp 
    UnsatisfiedLinkError exception loading native library: njni11
    java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libnjni11.so: libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: get
            at oracle.net.common.NetGetEnv.get(Native Method)
            at oracle.net.config.Config.getNetDir(Unknown Source)
            at oracle.net.config.Config.initConfig(Unknown Source)
            at oracle.net.config.Config.<init>(Unknown Source)
            at oracle.sysman.assistants.util.NetworkUtils.<init>(NetworkUtils.java:269)
            at oracle.sysman.assistants.util.step.StepContext.<init>(StepContext.java:317)
            at oracle.sysman.assistants.dbca.backend.Host.<init>(Host.java:778)
            at oracle.sysman.assistants.dbca.backend.SilentHost.<init>(SilentHost.java:144)
            at oracle.sysman.assistants.dbca.Dbca.getHost(Dbca.java:154)
            at oracle.sysman.assistants.dbca.Dbca.execute(Dbca.java:112)
            at oracle.sysman.assistants.dbca.Dbca.main(Dbca.java:184)
    
    ## 解决：查找改文件，找出路径
    [oracle@de3d89126d01 database]$ find / -type f -name libclntsh.so.11.1
    /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/inventory/Scripts/ext/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
    /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/inventory/backup/2020-07-30_08-59-50AM/Scripts/ext/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
    /opt/install/database/stage/ext/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
    
    方案1: 修改 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 环境变量
     LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib：$ORACLE_HOME/inventory/Scripts/ext/lib
    方案2：修改/etc/ld.so.conf
    [oracle@de3d89126d01 database]$ cat /etc/ld.so.conf
    include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
    /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/inventory/Scripts/ext/lib

## c, docker oracle编译的Dockerfile ##

\[Oracle12.1.0.2 数据库Dockerfile：官网模板–>  
[https://github.com/oracle/docker-images/tree/master/OracleDatabase/SingleInstance/dockerfiles/12.1.0.2][https_github.com_oracle_docker-images_tree_master_OracleDatabase_SingleInstance_dockerfiles_12.1.0.2]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

# 2, oracle 12.1 #

oracle 12.1 -linux 安装文档：[https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/toc.htm][https_docs.oracle.com_database_121_LADBI_toc.htm]  
oracle 12.1 -linux 使用resp文件：静默安装文档[https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/app\_nonint.htm\#LADBI7831][https_docs.oracle.com_database_121_LADBI_app_nonint.htm_LADBI7831]

## a, el6/7:安装依赖包 ##

yum install -y \
    	binutils compat compat compat gcc gcc glibc glibc glibc glibc ksh libgcc libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++ libstdc++ libstdc++ libaio libaio libaio libaio libXext libXext libXtst libXtst libX11 libX11 libXau libXau libxcb libxcb libXi libXi make sysstat

## b, 配置环境变量和rsp文件 ##

cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF export ORACLE_BASE=/mydb/oracle \\ ORACLE_HOME=/mydb/oracle/12 \\ INSTALL_DIR=/tmp/install \\ INVENTORY_LOCATION=\$ORACLE_HOME/inventory export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/:/usr/sbin:\$PATH \\ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:\$ORACLE_HOME/inventory/Scripts/ext/lib/:/usr/lib64 \\ CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib export ORACLE_SID=oracle12 \\ DB_GROUP=dba DB_USER=oracle DB_PASSWD=oracle EOF
    
    source /etc/profile
    mkdir -p $INSTALL_DIR 
    mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata 
    mkdir -p $ORACLE_HOME 
    mkdir -p $INVENTORY_LOCATION
    
    useradd oracle ; echo oracle:oracle | chpasswd ; groupadd dba; usermod -aG dba oracle
    chown -R oracle:dba $ORACLE_BASE  $INSTALL_DIR $INVENTORY_LOCATION
    
    cat >> db_install.rsp <<EOF oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.1.0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost UNIX_GROUP_NAME=$DB_GROUP INVENTORY_LOCATION=$INVENTORY_LOCATION SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_BASE=$ORACLE_BASE oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=$DB_GROUP oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=$DB_GROUP oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=$DB_GROUP oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=$DB_GROUP oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=$DB_GROUP oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=$ORACLE_SID oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=$ORACLE_SID oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1024 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=$DB_PASSWD DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true EOF
    
    cat >> netca.rsp <<EOF [GENERAL] RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="12.1" CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM" [oracle.net.ca] INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"} INSTALL_TYPE=""typical"" LISTENER_NUMBER=1 LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"} LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"} LISTENER_START=""LISTENER"" NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"} NSN_NUMBER=1 NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"} NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"} NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"} EOF
    
    cat >> dbca.rsp <<EOF [GENERAL] RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "12.1.0" OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase" [CREATEDATABASE] GDBNAME = "$ORACLE_SID" SID = "$ORACLE_SID" TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc" SYSPASSWORD = "$DB_PASSWD" SYSTEMPASSWORD = "$DB_PASSWD" CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8" AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE" TOTALMEMORY = "1024" EOF

## c, 安装过程详解 ##

*  第一步： db\_install.rsp
 *  第二步： netca.rsp
 *  第三步： dbca.rsp

#第一步： db_install.rsp----------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@c7-docker database]# grep -Ev '^#|^$|.*=$' db_install.rsp
    oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.1.0
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=c7-docker
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data-docker/test/oracle/inventory
    SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
    ORACLE_HOME=/data-docker/test/oracle/12
    ORACLE_BASE=/data-docker/test/oracle
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
    oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=oracle12
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=oracle12
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1024
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
    
    [oracle@web-c7 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force  -waitforcompletion   -responseFile /tmp/install/database/db_install.rsp -ignoreSysPrereqs  -ignorePrereq
    Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
    Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB.   Actual 31089 MB    Passed
    Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 2045 MB    Passed
    Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2021-01-27_09-15-54AM. Please wait ...You can find the log of this install session at:
     /inventory/logs/installActions2021-01-27_09-15-54AM.log
    The installation of Oracle Database 12c was successful.
    Please check '/inventory/logs/silentInstall2021-01-27_09-15-54AM.log' for more details.
    As a root user, execute the following script(s):
            1. /inventory/orainstRoot.sh
            2. /mydb/oracle/12/root.sh
    
    
    #第二步： netca.rsp----------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@web-c7 ~]# grep -Ev '^#|^$|.*=$' /tmp/install/database/netca.rsp
    [GENERAL]
    RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="12.1"
    CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
    [oracle.net.ca]
    INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={ "server","net8","javavm"}
    INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
    LISTENER_NUMBER=1
    LISTENER_NAMES={ "LISTENER"}
    LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={ "TCP;1521"}
    LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
    NAMING_METHODS={ "TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
    NSN_NUMBER=1
    NSN_NAMES={ "EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
    NSN_SERVICE={ "PLSExtProc"}
    NSN_PROTOCOLS={ "TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}
    
    
    [oracle@web-c7 database]$ netca -silent -responsefile /tmp/install/database/netca.rsp
    Parsing command line arguments:
        Parameter "silent" = true
        Parameter "responsefile" = /tmp/install/database/netca.rsp
    Done parsing command line arguments.
    Oracle Net Services Configuration:
    Profile configuration complete.
    Oracle Net Listener Startup:
        Running Listener Control:
          /mydb/oracle/12/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
        Listener Control complete.
        Listener started successfully.
    Listener configuration complete.
    Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
    
    [oracle@web-c7 database]$ lsnrctl status
    LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 27-JAN-2021 09:23:26
    Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=web-c7)(PORT=1521)))
    STATUS of the LISTENER
    ------------------------
    Alias                     LISTENER
    Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
    Start Date                27-JAN-2021 09:22:49
    Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 37 sec
    Trace Level               off
    Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
    SNMP                      OFF
    Listener Parameter File   /mydb/oracle/12/network/admin/listener.ora
    Listener Log File         /mydb/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/web-c7/listener/alert/log.xml
    Listening Endpoints Summary...
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=web-c7)(PORT=1521)))
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
    The listener supports no services
    The command completed successfully
    
    
    #第三步： dbca.rsp----------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@test-c62 database]# grep -Ev '^#|^$|.*=$' dbca.rsp
    [GENERAL]
    RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "12.1.0"
    OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
    [CREATEDATABASE]
    GDBNAME = "oracle12"
    SID = "oracle12"
    TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
    SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
    SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
    CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
    AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"
    TOTALMEMORY = "1024"
    
    [oracle@web-c7 database]$ dbca -silent -responsefile  /tmp/install/database/dbca.rsp
    Copying database files
    1% complete
    3% complete
    11% complete
    18% complete
    26% complete
    37% complete
    Creating and starting Oracle instance
    40% complete
    45% complete
    50% complete
    55% complete
    56% complete
    60% complete
    62% complete
    Completing Database Creation
    66% complete
    70% complete
    73% complete
    85% complete
    96% complete
    100% complete
    Look at the log file "/mydb/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/oracle12/oracle12.log" for further details.
    
    [oracle@web-c7 database]$ lsnrctl status
    LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 27-JAN-2021 09:34:04
    Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=web-c7)(PORT=1521)))
    STATUS of the LISTENER
    ------------------------
    Alias                     LISTENER
    Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
    Start Date                27-JAN-2021 09:22:49
    Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 11 min. 15 sec
    Trace Level               off
    Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
    SNMP                      OFF
    Listener Parameter File   /mydb/oracle/12/network/admin/listener.ora
    Listener Log File         /mydb/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/web-c7/listener/alert/log.xml
    Listening Endpoints Summary...
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=web-c7)(PORT=1521)))
      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
    Services Summary...
    Service "oracle12" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "oracle12", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Service "oracle12XDB" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "oracle12", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    The command completed successfully

# 3, 常见问题排查 #

## a, 数据库中文乱码 ##

--查看服务端的使用的字符集
    SQL> select   userenv('language')   from   dual;
    USERENV('LANGUAGE')
    ----------------------------------------------------
    AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8MSWIN1252
    
    1 ) . 设置语言变量 AL32UTF8
    echo 'export NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK' >> /etc/profile
    source /etc/profile
    
    2 ) . 关闭数据库
    SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
    
    3 ) . 启动到 Mount
    STARTUP MOUNT;
    ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
    ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
    ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
    ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
    ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;
    -- 下面一行语句可能会出现错误提示，可以不理会
    ALTER DATABASE national CHARACTER SET INTERNAL ZHS16GBK;
    SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
    STARTUP;

## b, 修改表空间大小 ##

问题： 查询大表，耗时很久，报错提示undo表空间不够，需要调整其大小

## 1, 查看表空间, 和对应的数据文件
    SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
    
    FILE_NAME
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    TABLESPACE_NAME
    ------------------------------
    /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orac1/example01.dbf
    EXAMPLE
    
    /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orac1/users01.dbf
    USERS
    
    /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orac1/undotbs01.dbf
    UNDOTBS1
    
    
    FILE_NAME
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    TABLESPACE_NAME
    ------------------------------
    /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orac1/sysaux01.dbf
    SYSAUX
    
    /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orac1/system01.dbf
    SYSTEM
    
    
    
    ## 2, 查看表空间大小(总大小, 剩余大小)
    SQL> select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024  from dba_data_files  group by tablespace_name;
    TABLESPACE_NAME                SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024
    ------------------------------ --------------------
    UNDOTBS1                                        305
    SYSAUX                                          910
    USERS                                       3448.75
    EXAMPLE                                         100
    SYSTEM                                          700
    
    SQL> select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024  from dba_free_space  group by tablespace_name;
    TABLESPACE_NAME                SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024
    ------------------------------ --------------------
    SYSAUX                                        51.75
    UNDOTBS1                                     290.75
    USERS                                      2569.375
    SYSTEM                                        1.625
    EXAMPLE                                       21.25
    
    ## 3, 修改表空间大小
    SQL> alter database datafile '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orac1/undotbs01.dbf' resize 1024m;
    Database altered.
    
    SQL> select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024  from dba_data_files  group by tablespace_name;
    TABLESPACE_NAME                SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024
    ------------------------------ --------------------
    UNDOTBS1                                       1024
    SYSAUX                                          910
    USERS                                       3448.75
    EXAMPLE                                         100
    SYSTEM                                          700
    SQL>

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