SHELL脚本练习手册

待我称王封你为后i 2022-01-16 16:39 279阅读 0赞

# SHELL脚本练习 #

--------------------

### 编写脚本 sumid.sh，计算/etc/passwd⽂件中的第10个⽤户和第20⽤户的ID之和 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> S\_O=\`head /etc/passwd | tail -1 | cut -d: -f3\`  
> S\_T=\`head -20 /etc/passwd | tail -1 | cut -d: -f3\`  
> echo -e "/etc/passwd 文件中的第10个和第20个用户的ID之和为：\\e\[1;33m$\[$\{S\_O\}+$\{S\_T\}\]\\e\[0m"

### 编写脚本 sumspace.sh，传递两个⽂件路径作为参数给脚本，计算这两个⽂件中所有空⽩⾏之和 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> read -p "please input One path : " ONE\_PATH  
> read -p "please input Two path : " TWO\_PATH  
> S\_ONE=\`grep "^$" $\{ONE\_PATH\} |wc -l\`  
> S\_TWO=\`grep "^$" $\{TWO\_PATH\} |wc -l\`  
> echo "file spaces is : $\{S\_ONE\} $\{S\_TWO\}"  
> sum=$\[$\{S\_ONE\}+$\{S\_TWO\}\]  
> echo -e "$\{ONE\_PATH\}、$\{TWO\_PATH\} space sum is \\e\[31m$\{sum\}\\e\[0m"

### 编写脚本 sumfile.sh,统计/etc, /var, /usr⽬录中共有多少个⼀级⼦⽬录和⽂件 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> read -p "please input first\_dir\_path : " FIRST  
> read -p "please input second\_dir\_path : " SECOND  
> read -p "please input three\_dir\_path : " THREE  
> FIR\_F=\`find $\{FIRST\} -maxdepth 1 | wc -l\`  
> SEC\_F=\`find $\{SECOND\} -maxdepth 1 | wc -l\`  
> THR\_F=\`find $\{THREE\} -maxdepth 1 | wc -l\`  
> FIR\_S=\`find $\{FIRST\} -maxdepth 1 -type d | wc -l\`  
> SEC\_S=\`find $\{SECOND\} -maxdepth 1 -type d | wc -l\`  
> THR\_S=\`find $\{THREE\} -maxdepth 1 -type d | wc -l\`  
> fir\_dir=$\[$\{FIR\_S\}+$\{SEC\_S\}+$\{THR\_S\}-3\]  
> echo -e "\\e\[1;33m$\{FIRST\}、$\{SECOND\}、$\{THREE\}\\e\[0m three first dirs sum : \\e\[1;31m$\{fir\_dir\}\\e\[0m"  
> SUM=$\[$\{FIR\_F\}+$\{SEC\_F\}+$\{THR\_F\}\]  
> echo -e "\\e\[1;33m$\{FIRST\}、$\{SECOND\}、$\{THREE\}\\e\[0m three files sum : \\e\[1;31m$\[$\{SUM\}-$\{fir\_dir\}\]\\e\[0m"

### 编写脚本 argsnum.sh，接受⼀个⽂件路径作为参数；如果参数个数⼩于1，则提⽰⽤户“⾄少应该给⼀个参数”，并⽴即退出；如果参数个数不⼩于1，则显⽰第⼀个参数所指向的⽂件中的空⽩⾏数 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> \[\[ $\# -lt 1 \]\] && (echo "at least one argument"&&exit)|| echo -e "\\e\[1;31m$1\\e\[0m 文件空白行数为：\\e\[1;33m\`grep '^$' $1|wc -l\`\\e\[0m"

### 编写脚本 hostping.sh，接受⼀个主机的IPv4地址做为参数，测试是否可连通。如果能ping通，则提⽰⽤户“该IP地址可访问” ；如果不可ping通，则提⽰⽤户“该IP地址不可访问” ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> read -p "please input IP：" IP  
> LOG\_COLOR='\\e\[1;31m'  
> AND\_COLOR='\\e\[0m'  
> A=`[[ "$IP" =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$ ]];echo $?;`  
> B=\`ping -c1 -w1 $IP &>/dev/null;echo $?;\`  
> if \[ $A -eq 0 \];then  
> if \[ $B -eq 0 \];then  
> echo -e "$\{LOG\_COLOR\}该IP地址可以访问$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> else  
> echo -e "$\{LOG\_COLOR\}该IP地址不可访问$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> fi  
> else  
> echo -e "$\{LOG\_COLOR\}IP 格式输入不正确$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> exit  
> fi

### 编写脚本 checkdisk.sh，检查磁盘分区空间和inode使⽤率，如果超过80%，就发⼴播警告空间将满 ###

### 编写脚本 per.sh,判断当前⽤户对指定参数⽂件，是否不可读并且不可写 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> \[ ! -r $1 -a ! -w $1 \] && echo "$1 is not read and write" || exit

### 编写脚本 excute.sh ，判断参数⽂件是否为sh后缀的普通⽂件，如果是，添加所有⼈可执⾏权限，否则提⽰⽤户⾮脚本⽂件 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> \[\[ $1 =~ .sh$ \]\] && \[ -f $1 \] && (chmod a+x $1;echo "$1 is .sh")||echo "$1 is not  
> .sh"

### 编写脚本 nologin.sh 和 login.sh，实现禁⽌和允许普通⽤户登录系统 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> \[ -f /etc/nologin \] && echo “nologin”|| (touch /etc/nologin;echo “nologin”)
> 
> !/bin/bash  
> \[ -f /etc/nologin \] && ( rm -f /etc/nologin;echo “login”)||echo “login”

### 编写脚本 createuser.sh，实现如下功能：使⽤⼀个⽤户名做为参数，如果指定参数的⽤户存在，就显⽰其存在，否则添加之；显⽰添加的⽤户的id号等信息 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> read -p "please input username：" user  
> id $user &>/dev/null  
> \[\[ ! $? -eq 0 \]\] && (useradd $user &> /dev/null && echo "add $user user") ||echo "the user is exits"

### 编写脚本 yesorno.sh，提⽰⽤户输⼊yes或no,并判断⽤户输⼊的是yes还是no,或是其它信息 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> read -p "please input yes or no :" ANS  
> \[\[ "$ANS" =~ ^(Yy?)$ \]\] && echo yes  
> \[\[ "$ANS" =~ ^(Nn?)$ \]\] && echo no

### 编写脚本 filetype.sh,判断⽤户输⼊⽂件路径，显⽰其⽂件类型（普通，⽬录，链接，其它⽂件类型） ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> read -p "please input file path: " PT  
> file $PT >/testdir/shell/test.txt  
> leixing=\`egrep -o "link|text|block|directory" /testdir/shell/test.txt\`  
> case $leixing in  
> text)  
> echo "the path is file"  
> ;;  
> link)  
> echo "the path is Link"  
> ;;  
> block)  
> echo "the path is Block"  
> ;;  
> directory)  
> echo "the path is Directory"  
> ;;  
> \*)  
> echo "the path is Others"  
> esac

### 编写脚本 checkint.sh,判断⽤户输⼊的参数是否为正整数 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> read -p "please input a number:" num  
> \[\[ $num =~ ^\[0-9\]+$ \]\] && echo “$num is int”||\{echo ”lease input a number”;exit;\}
> 
> ### 让所有⽤户的PATH环境变量的值多出⼀个路径，例如：/usr/local/apache/bin ###
> 
> vim /etc/profile  
> export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH  
> source /etc/profile 生效

### ⽤户root登录时，将命令指⽰符变成红⾊，并⾃动启⽤如下别名： ###

> rm=‘rm –i’  
> cdnet=‘cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/’  
> editnet=‘vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0’  
> editnet=‘vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736 或  
> ifcfg-ens33 ’ (如果系统是CentOS7)
> 
> \[root@CentOS ~\]\# vim ~/.bashrc  
> alias rm='rm –i'  
> alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/'  
> alias editnet1='vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'  
> alias editnet2='vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33'  
> export PS1='\[\\e\[1;31m\]\[\\u@\\h \\W\]\\$\[\\e\[0m\]' 红色  
> source ~.bashrc 生效

### 任意⽤户登录系统时，显⽰红⾊字体的警⽰提醒信息“Hi,dangerous！” ###

> \[root@CentOS ~\]\# vim /etc/issue  
> ^\[\[031m " Hi,dangerous！" ^\[\[0m"

### 编写⽣成脚本基本格式的脚本，包括作者，联系⽅式，版本，时间，描述等 ###

> \[root@CentOS ~\]\# vim .vimrc  
> set nu  
> set ignorecase  
> set cursorline  
> set autoindent  
> autocmd BufNewFile \*.sh exec ":call SetTitle()"  
> func SetTitle()  
> if expand("%:e") == 'sh'  
> call setline(1,"\#!/bin/bash")  
> call setline(2,"\#")  
> call  
> setline(3,"\#**\*\*\*\***"  
> )  
> call setline(4,"\#Author: w")  
> call setline(5,"\#QQ: 1**")  
> call setline(6,"\#Date: ".strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))  
> call setline(7,"\#FileName： ".expand("%"))  
> call setline(8,"\#URL: [http://www.magedu.com][http_www.magedu.com]")  
> call setline(9,"\#Description： The test script")  
> call setline(10,"\#Copyright (C): ".strftime("%Y")." All rights  
> reserved")  
> call  
> setline(11,"\#\*\*\*\***  
> ")  
> call setline(12,"")  
> endif  
> endfunc  
> autocmd BufNewFile \* normal G

### 编写脚本 systeminfo.sh,显⽰当前主机系统信息，包括主机名，IPv4地址，操作系统版本，内核版本， CPU型号，内存⼤⼩，硬盘⼤⼩ ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> LOG\_COLOR='\\e\[1;33m'  
> AND\_COLOR='\\e\[0m'  
> echo -e "当前主机信息如下："  
> echo -e "主机名：$\{LOG\_COLOR\}$\{HOSTNAME\}$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> echo -e "IPV4 地址为：$\{LOG\_COLOR\}`ifconfig | grep broadcast | tr -s " " | cut -d" " -f3`"$\{AND\_COLOR\}  
> echo -e "操作系统版本为：$\{LOG\_COLOR\}`uname -r`"$\{AND\_COLOR\}  
> echo -e "内核版本为：$\{LOG\_COLOR\}`cat /etc/redhat-release | cut -d"." -f1-2`"$\{AND\_COLOR\}  
> echo -e "CPU型号为：$\{LOG\_COLOR\}`lscpu | grep Model | tail -1 | tr -s ' ' | cut -d: -f2`"$\{AND\_COLOR\}  
> echo -e "内存大小为：$\{LOG\_COLOR\}`free -mh | head -2 | tail -1 | tr -s ' ' | cut -d" " -f2`"$\{AND\_COLOR\}  
> echo -e "硬盘容量为：$\{LOG\_COLOR\}`fdisk -l | head -2 | tail -1 | awk -F ':|,' '{print $2}'`"$\{AND\_COLOR\}

### 编写脚本 backup.sh，可实现每⽇将/etc/⽬录备份到/root/etcYYYY-mm-dd中 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> cp /etc /testdir/etc\`date +%F\`  
> echo "/etc 备份完成"

### 编写脚本 disk.sh,显⽰当前硬盘分区中空间利⽤率最⼤的值 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> echo "当前硬盘分区中空间利用率最大的值为：\`df |grep /dev/sd |grep -o "\[0-9\]\{1,3\}%" | sort -rn | head -1\`"

### 编写脚本 links.sh,显⽰正连接本主机的每个远程主机的IPv4地址和连接数，并按连接数从⼤到⼩排序 ###

### 编写脚本 reset.sh,对新系统进行环境配置 ###

> \#!/bin/bash  
> \#字体颜色  
> LOG\_COLOR='\\e\[1;33m'  
> AND\_COLOR='\\e\[0m'  
> \#网卡名  
> N\_N=\`ifconfig|head -1 | tr -s " " : |cut -d: -f1\`  
> \#网卡配置文件所在目录  
> D\_NET="/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$\{N\_N\}"  
> \#yum源配置文件所在目录  
> D\_YUM="/etc/yum.repos.d/"  
> \#关闭seliunx  
> setenforce 0 &>/dev/null  
> sed -i 's\#^SELINUX=.*\#SELINUX=disabled\#g' /etc/selinux/config  
> echo -e "$\{LOG\_COLOR\}SELINUX已经修改完毕，重启即生效。$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> read -p "即将修改主机名，请给主机起一个可爱的名字吧：" HOST  
> \#更改主机名  
> hostname $\{HOST\}  
> cat >/etc/hostname <<EOF  
> $\{HOST\}  
> EOF  
> echo -e "$\{LOG\_COLOR\}名ok，接下来是yum配置$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> \#配置yum源  
> mkdir /media/cdrom -p &>/dev/null  
> mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom &>/dev/null  
> mkdir $\{D\_YUM\}backup &>/dev/null  
> mv $\{D\_YUM\}C* $\{D\_YUM\}backup  
> cat >>$\{D\_YUM\}CentOS.repo <<EOF  
> \[CentOS\]  
> name=CentOS  
> baseurl=file:///media/cdrom  
> gpgcheck=0  
> EOF  
> echo '/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0' >>/etc/fstab  
> yum clean all &>/dev/null  
> yum makecache &>/dev/null  
> echo -e "$\{LOG\_COLOR\}yum配置完成。$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> \#关闭防火墙  
> systemctl stop firewalld.service &>/dev/null  
> systemctl disable firewalld.service &>/dev/null  
> echo -e "$\{LOG\_COLOR\}防火墙已经关闭，并禁止开机启动$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> \#更改IP  
> read -p "接下来配置IP\\n请键入IP地址：" IPAD  
> read -p "请键入子网掩码：" NET  
> read -p "请键入网关地址：" GAT  
> sed -i 's\#^BOOT.\*\#BOOTPROTO=static\#g' $\{D\_NET\}  
> cat >>$\{D\_NET\} <<EOF  
> IPADDR=$\{IPAD\}  
> NETMASK=$\{NET\}  
> GATEWAY=$\{GAT\}  
> EOF  
> systemctl restart network.service &>/dev/null  
> echo -e "$\{LOG\_COLOR\}网卡配置已生效$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> sleep 1  
> echo -e "$\{LOG\_COLOR\}主机环境配置完成，系统自动重启 3...$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> sleep 1  
> echo -e "$\{LOG\_COLOR\}2..$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> sleep 1  
> echo -e "$\{LOG\_COLOR\}1...$\{AND\_COLOR\}"  
> sleep 1  
> reboot

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/12980155/2367102

[http_www.magedu.com]: http://www.magedu.com