KickStart+PXE+HTTPd+DHCP+TFTP自动安装Ubuntu 12.04

迈不过友情╰ 2022-01-17 05:45 621阅读 0赞

# KickStart+PXE+HTTPd+DHCP+TFTP自动安装Ubuntu 12.04 #

ubuntu下的无人职守安装

分类： 【22-无人职守安装】 2012-07-03 10:10 166人阅读 评论(0) 收藏 举报

ubuntumenuvim

［1］ 配置tftp服务后

cp /ubuntu/install/netboot/\* /tftpboot/

［2］ 编辑配置文件

vim /tftpboot/Ubuntu-installer/amd64/boot-screens/txt.cfg

default install

label install

menu label ^Install

menu default

kernel ubuntu-installer/amd64/linux

append ks=ftp://192.168.120.10/ks.cfg vga=788 initrd=ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz -- quiet

label cli

menu label ^Command-line install

kernel ubuntu-installer/amd64/linux

append ks=ftp://192.168.120.10/ks.cfg tasks=standard pkgsel/language-pack-patterns= pkgsel/install-language-support=false vga=788 initrd=ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz -- quiet

**3 编辑配置文件**

**sudo vim /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default**

**include ubuntu-installer/amd64/boot-screens/menu.cfg**

**default ubuntu-installer/amd64/boot-screens/vesamenu.c32**

**prompt 0**

**timeout 1**

前言\*

KickStart很多运维人员都非常熟悉，我们大多数都用它来实现自动安装系统，常见的用自动安装[RedHat][] Linux，最近由于业务需求，需要安装[Ubuntu][],跟Redhat Linux还是有一些区别，记录安装步骤,供大家相互交流和学习！

一、环境及软件

系统：[CentOS][] 6.0、Ubuntu 12.04

软件：KickStart、PXE、HTTPd、TFTPp、DHCP

二、正式安装

本环境是基于在CentOS系统上搭建KickStart Ubuntu自动安装服务端。

在服务器端执行:yum install dhcp\* tftp\* httpd\* -y

安装完后然后配置

1、配置ftfp：

1.  \# default: off
2.  
3.  \# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \\
4.  
5.  \# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \\
6.  
7.  \# workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \\
8.  
9.  \# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
10. 
11. service tftp
12. 
13. \{
14. 
15. disable = no
16. 
17. socket\_type = dgram
18. 
19. protocol = udp
20. 
21. wait = yes
22. 
23. user = root
24. 
25. server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
26. 
27. server\_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
28. 
29. per\_source = 11
30. 
31. cps = 100 2
32. 
33. flags = IPv4
34. 
35. \}

把disable=yes改成disable=no即可！

安装完tftp后，默认在/根目录会生成/tftpboot文件夹，如果没有请链接ln –s /var/lib/tftboot /即可。

挂载ubuntu12.04.iso文件

Mount /dev/cdrom /mnt &&cp /mnt/install/netboot/\* /tftboot/下

然后修改vi /tftboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64/boot-screens/txt.cfg如下:

![KickStart+PXE+HTTPd+DHCP+TFTP自动安装Ubuntu 12.04][KickStart_PXE_HTTPd_DHCP_TFTP_Ubuntu 12.04]

2、配置httpd、kickstart：

正如第二步截图里面有一个http://192.9.117.143/ubuntu/ks.cfg

默认安装完后apache的发布目录为/var/www/html

在/var/www/html下建立安装源:

mkdir -p /var/www/html/ubuntu

然后将ubuntu光盘所有文件拷贝到/var/www/html/ubuntu下

cp -a /mnt/\* /var/www/html/ubuntu

然后在/var/www/html/ubuntu目录下新建ks.cfg文件，权限设置为chmod 777 ks.cfg

ks.cfg内容如下:

install

text

lang en\_US

langsupport en\_US

keyboard us

mouse

timezone --utc Asia/Chongqing

rootpw --disabled

user tdt --fullname="tdt" --password wuguangke

reboot

url --url http://192.9.117.143/ubuntu

bootloader --location=mbr

zerombr yes

clearpart --all --initlabel

part /boot --fstype ext4 --size 200

part swap --size 10240

part / --fstype ext4 --size 1 --grow

auth --useshadow --enablemd5

network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0

firewall --disabled

skipx

%packages

penssh-server

openssh-client

nfs-kernel-server

vim

\#===================================

**\# \#\#与分区有关的报错：如何处理？**

**the partition table format in use on your disk normally requires you to create a seqarate partition for boot loader code this partition should be marked for use as a "Reserved BIOS boot area " and should be at least 1MB in size . Note that this is not the same as a partition mounted on /boot**

3、配置dhcp：

下面贴出我真实环境的DHCP配置内容:

1.  ddns-update-style interim;
2.  ignore client-updates;
3.  next-server 192.9.117.143;
4.  filename "pxelinux.0";
5.  allow booting;
6.  allow bootp;
7.  subnet 192.9.117.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 \{
8.  \# — default gateway
9.  
10. option routers 192.9.117.254;
11. 
12. option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
13. 
14. \# option nis-domain “domain.org”;
15. 
16. option domain-name "tdt.com";
17. 
18. option domain-name-servers 202.106.0.20;
19. 
20. option time-offset -18000; \# Eastern Standard Time
21. 
22. range 192.9.117.140 192.9.117.160;
23. \}

实际我的配置 ，涉及子网：

**\# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf**

**\#**

**\# DHCP Server Configuration file.**

**\# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp\*/dhcpd.conf.sample**

**\# see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'**

**\#**

**ddns-update-style interim ;**

**ignore client-updates;**

**default-lease-time 3600;**

**max-lease-time 7200;**

**allow booting;**

**allow bootp;**

**shared-network vlan192\{**

**subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 \{**

**option routers 192.168.10.1;**

**option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;**

**option broadcast-address 192.168.10.255;**

**option domain-name-servers 192.168.100.254,8.8.8.8;**

**range dynamic-bootp 192.168.10.201 192.168.10.252;**

**next-server 192.168.10.248;**

**filename "pxelinux.0";**

**allow bootp;**

**allow booting;**

**\}**

三、启动服务

以上所有配置完毕，启动所有相关服务

/etc/init.d/dhcpd start ;/etc/init.d/xinetd start ;/etc/init.d/httpd start 即可！

四、测试kickstart是否成功

找一台客户机，BIOS修改成网卡启动即可！

安装图集:

![KickStart+PXE+HTTPd+DHCP+TFTP自动安装Ubuntu 12.04][KickStart_PXE_HTTPd_DHCP_TFTP_Ubuntu 12.04 1]

**\#在这里会提示找不到内核， 没办法， 只有修改pxelinux.cfg/default文件了**

**\#default net**

**label install**

**menu label ^Install**

**kernel linux**

**append vga=788 initrd=initrd.gz -- quiet**

**label net**

**menu label ^Net ks**

**\# menu default**

**kernel linux**

**append ks=http://192.168.10.248/abc.cfg vga=788 initrd=initrd.gz -- quiet**

**label cli**

**menu label ^Command-line install**

**kernel linux**

**append tasks=standard pkgsel/language-pack-patterns= pkgsel/install-language-support=false vga=788 initrd=initrd.gz -- quiet**

这一步需要手动回车，之后就不需要回车了：

![KickStart+PXE+HTTPd+DHCP+TFTP自动安装Ubuntu 12.04][KickStart_PXE_HTTPd_DHCP_TFTP_Ubuntu 12.04 2]

格式化磁盘

![KickStart+PXE+HTTPd+DHCP+TFTP自动安装Ubuntu 12.04][KickStart_PXE_HTTPd_DHCP_TFTP_Ubuntu 12.04 3]

安装软件包

![KickStart+PXE+HTTPd+DHCP+TFTP自动安装Ubuntu 12.04][KickStart_PXE_HTTPd_DHCP_TFTP_Ubuntu 12.04 4]

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/fccwcom/1153034

[RedHat]: http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=10
[Ubuntu]: http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=2
[CentOS]: http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=14
[KickStart_PXE_HTTPd_DHCP_TFTP_Ubuntu 12.04]: /images/20220117/0cbe1b0e158843c99cb5024cb4a1ff1c.png
[KickStart_PXE_HTTPd_DHCP_TFTP_Ubuntu 12.04 1]: /images/20220117/ab7d1cb250bc4bb4aa026c0ebe78bb76.png
[KickStart_PXE_HTTPd_DHCP_TFTP_Ubuntu 12.04 2]: /images/20220117/ff20784f1a71442ebddc092c6013afbd.png
[KickStart_PXE_HTTPd_DHCP_TFTP_Ubuntu 12.04 3]: /images/20220117/74425c506bb5449ea48deed1455e2599.png
[KickStart_PXE_HTTPd_DHCP_TFTP_Ubuntu 12.04 4]: /images/20220117/a913fe450db94893a1728d342f3c76c0.png