linux 机器基本资源查看

待我称王封你为后i 2022-01-20 06:25 241阅读 0赞

## 机器资源 ##

在维护服务过程中，要时刻了解机器资源的使用情况，这是服务运行正常的基本条件。常用的需要了解系统信息、cpu使用率、内存使用情况、磁盘使用情况、网络、端口连接、进程查询等等。

## 常用资源查看指令 ##

### 系统信息 ###

**uname** : 查看系统信息。

先看说明书：

> uname --help
    Usage: uname [OPTION]... // 使用规则
    Print certain system information.  With no OPTION, same as -s. //默认是 uname -s
    
      -a, --all                print all information, in the following order,
                                 except omit -p and -i if unknown:
                                // 按照下面顺序打印所有信息。最常用！
      -s, --kernel-name        print the kernel name // 输出内核名称
      -n, --nodename           print the network node hostname // 网络主机名
      -r, --kernel-release     print the kernel release // 发型号
      -v, --kernel-version     print the kernel version // 版本号
      -m, --machine            print the machine hardware name // 机器硬件名
      -p, --processor          print the processor type or "unknown" // 处理器类型
      -i, --hardware-platform  print the hardware platform or "unknown" // 硬件相关
      -o, --operating-system   print the operating system // 操作系统
          --help     display this help and exit
          --version  output version information and exit
    复制代码

示例：

[vip@test ~]$ uname -a
    Linux test 3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jul 16 16:29:36 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
    [vip@test ~]$ uname -s
    Linux
    [vip@test ~]$ uname -n
    test
    [vip@test ~]$ uname -r
    3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64
    [vip@test ~]$ uname -v
    #1 SMP Mon Jul 16 16:29:36 UTC 2018
    [vip@test ~]$ uname -m
    x86_64
    [vip@test ~]$ uname -p
    x86_64
    [vip@test ~]$ uname -i
    x86_64
    [vip@test ~]$ uname -o
    GNU/Linux
    
    复制代码

**env** : 查看 / 设置系统环境变量。 说明书：

[vip@test ~]$ env --help
    Usage: env [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
    Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND.
    设置环境变量、执行 command
    
    Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
      -i, --ignore-environment  start with an empty environment // 提供干净环境
      -0, --null           end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
      -u, --unset=NAME     remove variable from the environment
          --help     display this help and exit
          --version  output version information and exit
    
    A mere - implies -i.  If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
    
    复制代码

示例：

[vip@test ~]$ env
    XDG_SESSION_ID=196756
    HOSTNAME=test
    TERM=xterm
    SHELL=/bin/bash
    HISTSIZE=2000
    SSH_CLIENT=10.16.192.171 55438 22
    USER=vip
    PATH=/usr/local/jdk/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin
    PWD=/home/vip
    JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
    ...
    复制代码

### CPU ###

说明书：

通过 `cat /proc/cpuinfo` 来查看**CPU硬件**的相关信息。

示例：

[vip@test ~]$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
    
    processor       : 0  // 该逻辑处理器的唯一标识符
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 85
    model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4110 CPU @ 2.10GHz
    stepping        : 4
    microcode       : 0x200004d
    cpu MHz         : 2100.000
    cache size      : 11264 KB
    physical id     : 0 // 每个物理封装的唯一标识符
    siblings        : 16 // 位于相同物理封装中的逻辑处理器的数量
    core id         : 0 // 每个内核的唯一标识符
    cpu cores       : 8 // 位于相同物理封装中的内核数量
    apicid          : 0
    initial apicid  : 0
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 22
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm (long mode, 可以根据该项判断是否支持 x64) constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch epb cat_l3 cdp_l3 intel_ppin intel_pt ssbd mba ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm cqm mpx rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local dtherm ida arat pln pts pku ospke spec_ctrl intel_stibp
    bogomips        : 4200.00
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    ...
    ...
    复制代码

变相示例：

具体每一项的含义可以参考：[Linux系统cpuinfo详解-何格-CSDN][Linux_cpuinfo_-_-CSDN].

### 磁盘 ###

**df** 说明书：

[vip@test ~]$ df --help
    Usage: df [OPTION]... [FILE]...
    Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
    or all file systems by default. // 查看文件系统信息。
    
    Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
      -a, --all             include dummy file systems
      -B, --block-size=SIZE  scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
                               '-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes;
                               see SIZE format below // -B 指定显示单位，常用。
          --direct          show statistics for a file instead of mount point
          --total           produce a grand total
      -h, --human-readable  print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) 
                            // -h 懒人用法，常用。
      -H, --si              likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 // 近似值，不建议使用
      -i, --inodes          list inode information instead of block usage
      -k                    like --block-size=1K // 指定单位为kB
      -l, --local           limit listing to local file systems
          --no-sync         do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
          --output[=FIELD_LIST]  use the output format defined by FIELD_LIST,
                                   or print all fields if FIELD_LIST is omitted.
      -P, --portability     use the POSIX output format
          --sync            invoke sync before getting usage info
      -t, --type=TYPE       limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
      -T, --print-type      print file system type // 查看文件系统格式
      -x, --exclude-type=TYPE   limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
      -v                    (ignored)
          --help     display this help and exit
          --version  output version information and exit
    
    Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
    and the DF_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
    Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
    
    SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024).  Units
    are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).
    
    FIELD_LIST is a comma-separated list of columns to be included.  Valid
    field names are: 'source', 'fstype', 'itotal', 'iused', 'iavail', 'ipcent',
    'size', 'used', 'avail', 'pcent', 'file' and 'target' (see info page).
    
    复制代码

示例：

[vip@test ~]$ df -BG
    Filesystem     1G-blocks  Used Available Use% Mounted on
    /dev/sde           3668G    1G     3481G   1% /data5
    /dev/sdi           3668G    1G     3481G   1% /data9
    /dev/sdc           3668G    1G     3481G   1% /data3
    ...
    /dev/sdf           3668G    1G     3481G   1% /data6
    /dev/sda           3668G    3G     3479G   1% /data1
    /dev/sdg           3668G    1G     3481G   1% /data7
    /dev/sdh           3668G    1G     3481G   1% /data8
    /dev/sdd           3668G    1G     3481G   1% /data4
    /dev/sdb           3668G    1G     3481G   1% /data2
    /dev/sdk           3668G  201G     3281G   6% /data11
    /dev/sdj            440G    4G      415G   1% /data13
    /dev/sdl           3668G  299G     3183G   9% /data12
    ...
    复制代码

**`du` 查看文件磁盘使用情况**

说明书：

[vip@test ~]$ du --help
    Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
      or:  du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
    Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories. // 查看文件的磁盘使用情况，与 df 很相似。
    
    Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
      -0, --null            end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
      -a, --all             write counts for all files, not just directories
          --apparent-size   print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
                              the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
                              larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal
                              fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
      -B, --block-size=SIZE  scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
                               '-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes;
                               see SIZE format below
                               // 常用
      -b, --bytes           equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
      -c, --total           produce a grand total
      -D, --dereference-args  dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
                              command line
      -d, --max-depth=N     print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
                              only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
                              line argument;  --max-depth=0 is the same as
                              --summarize
          --files0-from=F   summarize disk usage of the
                              NUL-terminated file names specified in file F;
                              if F is -, then read names from standard input
      -H                    equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
      -h, --human-readable  print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
          --inodes          list inode usage information instead of block usage
                            // 常用
      -k                    like --block-size=1K
      -L, --dereference     dereference all symbolic links
      -l, --count-links     count sizes many times if hard linked
      -m                    like --block-size=1M
      -P, --no-dereference  don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default) -S, --separate-dirs for directories do not include size of subdirectories --si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 -s, --summarize display only a total for each argument -t, --threshold=SIZE exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE if negative --time show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories --time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status --time-style=STYLE show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date' -X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE --exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN -x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set). SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000). 复制代码

示例 ：

[hadoop@test /data1/test]$ du -h test/
    8.0K	test/test2
    8.0K	test/test1
    20K	test/
    复制代码

### 内存 ###

*  查看内存硬件情况：`cat /proc/meminfo`，类似查看cpu情况.

示例：

[hadoop@g1-bdp-cdhtest-04 ~]$ cat /proc/meminfo
    MemTotal:       131485632 kB
    MemFree:        75146728 kB
    MemAvailable:   96834688 kB
    Buffers:         2344696 kB
    Cached:         22600504 kB
    ...
    ...
    复制代码

*  查看内存使用情况：`free`。

说明书：

[hadoop@g1-bdp-cdhtest-04 ~]$ free --help
    Usage:
     free [options]
    
    Options:
     -b, --bytes         show output in bytes // 指定单位
     -k, --kilo          show output in kilobytes
     -m, --mega          show output in megabytes
     -g, --giga          show output in gigabytes
         --tera          show output in terabytes
     -h, --human         show human-readable output // 易读性
         --si            use powers of 1000 not 1024
     -l, --lohi          show detailed low and high memory statistics
     -t, --total         show total for RAM + swap
     -s N, --seconds N   repeat printing every N seconds // 设置输出时间间隔，手动终止
     -c N, --count N     repeat printing N times, then exit // 设置输出次数
     -w, --wide          wide output
    
         --help     display this help and exit
     -V, --version  output version information and exit
    复制代码

示例：

// 分别输出：总内存、已使用内存、剩余内存、共享内存、缓存大小、可用内存大小
    [hadoop@test ~]$ free -g
                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
    Mem:            125          25          71           4          27          92
    Swap:             3           2           1
    [hadoop@test ~]$ free -g -h
                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
    Mem:           125G         25G         71G        4.7G         27G         92G
    Swap:          4.0G        2.4G        1.6G
    [hadoop@test ~]$ free -g -h -s 3
                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
    Mem:           125G         25G         71G        4.7G         27G         92G
    Swap:          4.0G        2.4G        1.6G
    
                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
    Mem:           125G         25G         71G        4.7G         27G         92G
    Swap:          4.0G        2.4G        1.6G
    ^C // 手动终止
    复制代码

### 网络 ###

**查看本机 ip**

// 都可用来查看ip信息和网络接口属性
    [hadoop@test ~]$ ip a
    [hadoop@test ~]$ ifconfig
    复制代码

**netstat**

说明书

[vip@test ~]$ netstat --help
    usage: netstat [-vWeenNcCF] [<Af>] -r         netstat {-V|--version|-h|--help}
           netstat [-vWnNcaeol] [<Socket> ...]
           netstat { [-vWeenNac] -I[<Iface>] | [-veenNac] -i | [-cnNe] -M | -s [-6tuw] } [delay]
    
            -r, --route              display routing table
            -I, --interfaces=<Iface> display interface table for <Iface>
            -i, --interfaces         display interface table
            -g, --groups             display multicast group memberships
            -s, --statistics         display networking statistics (like SNMP) // 查看统计信息
            -M, --masquerade         display masqueraded connections
    
            -v, --verbose            be verbose
            -W, --wide               don't truncate IP addresses -n, --numeric don't resolve names
            --numeric-hosts          don't resolve host names --numeric-ports don't resolve port names
            --numeric-users          don't resolve user names -N, --symbolic resolve hardware names -e, --extend display other/more information -p, --programs display PID/Program name for sockets -o, --timers display timers -c, --continuous continuous listing -l, --listening display listening server sockets // 查看监听的ss -a, --all display all sockets (default: connected) // 查看已经建立的连接 -F, --fib display Forwarding Information Base (default) -C, --cache display routing cache instead of FIB -Z, --context display SELinux security context for sockets <Socket>={-t|--tcp} {-u|--udp} {-U|--udplite} {-S|--sctp} {-w|--raw} {-x|--unix} --ax25 --ipx --netrom // tcp udp之类的配置 <AF>=Use '-6|-4' or '-A <af>' or '--<af>'; default: inet List of possible address families (which support routing): inet (DARPA Internet) inet6 (IPv6) ax25 (AMPR AX.25) netrom (AMPR NET/ROM) ipx (Novell IPX) ddp (Appletalk DDP) x25 (CCITT X.25) 复制代码

示例：

[vip@test ~]$ netstat -atup // 查看与本机建立的 tcp / udp 连接，并显示 pid
    (No info could be read for "-p": geteuid()=3000 but you should be root.)
    Active Internet connections (servers and established)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:emc-pp-mgmtsvc  0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
    tcp        0      0 localhost:30235         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:25020           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
    tcp        0      0 localhost:20477         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:60030           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
    tcp        0      0 test.:8030              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -      
    ...           
    ...
    复制代码

**nslookup**

可以根据 IP 解析 hostname

[vip@test ~]$ nslookup 10.16.208.174
    Server:		10.17.1.252
    Address:	10.17.1.252#53
    
    174.208.16.10.in-addr.arpa	name =test-01.
    复制代码

### 进程 ###

**ps**

说明书：

示例：

[vip@test ~]$ ps -axu | grep psTest
    vip       28640  0.0  0.0 112704   972 pts/2    S+   22:49   0:00 grep --color=auto psTest
    复制代码

**top**

说明书：

[vip@test ~]$ top -help
      procps-ng version 3.3.10
    Usage:
      top -hv | -bcHiOSs -d secs -n max -u|U user -p pid(s) -o field -w [cols]
      
    说明：
    top命令使用过程中，还可以使用一些交互的命令来完成其它参数的功能，如下：
    <空格>：立刻刷新。
    P：根据CPU使用大小进行排序。
    T：根据时间、累计时间排序。
    q：退出top命令。
    m：切换显示内存信息。
    t：切换显示进程和CPU状态信息。
    c：切换显示命令名称和完整命令行。
    M：根据使用内存大小进行排序。
    W：将当前设置写入~/.toprc文件中。这是写top配置文件的推荐方法。
    复制代码

### 端口 ###

**查看端口是否打开**

查看本地 ：`sudo lsof -i:port`

查看远端 ：`telnet ip port`

示例：

// 端口未打开则直接断开连接
    [vip@test ~]$ telnet 10.16.208.174 10086
    Trying 10.16.208.174...
    telnet: connect to address 10.16.208.174: Connection refused
    
    // 端口打开则会等待
    [vip@test ~]$ telnet 10.16.208.174 22
    Trying 10.16.208.174...
    Connected to 10.16.208.174.
    Escape character is '^]'.
    SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4
    
    Protocol mismatch.
    Connection closed by foreign host.
    复制代码

未完待续 ...

[Linux_cpuinfo_-_-CSDN]: https://link.juejin.im?target=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.csdn.net%2Fbelieve36%2Farticle%2Fdetails%2F44162475