centos7 安装keepalived + nginx 高可用故障转移记录

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2022-01-26 02:29 984阅读 0赞

keepalived  类似的还有  lvs

nginx 我的已经安装好， 安装步骤： [https://blog.csdn.net/tang\_jian\_dong/article/details/83995676][https_blog.csdn.net_tang_jian_dong_article_details_83995676]

我的keepalived版本是 2.0.15

两台虚拟机各自安装 nginx  与 keepalived

如果安装nginx 时 安装了如下依赖则安装 keppalived 不需要安装，  如果没有安装则需要安装如下依赖

出现这种错误则是依赖没有安装完整，

![20190527222456867.png][]

安装依赖：

yum -y install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel  libssl-dev libnl-devel

下载keepalived的方式：

一：

yum install -y keepalived

二：

keepalived  官网： [https://www.keepalived.org/download.html][https_www.keepalived.org_download.html]

下载如下 keepalived ， 上传至liunx。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

1：进入 keepalived 目录, 解压：  tar -zxvf   keepalived-2.0.15.tar.gz

解压后： ![20190527222012104.png][]

2： 进入 keepalived-2.0.15，   命令： cd  keepalived-2.0.15

![20190527222047323.png][]

3: 安装：  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived

出现如下界面则安装成功。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

4：在当前目录下执行： make  && make install

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

5: 配置keepalived服务

cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

mkdir /etc/keepalived   //这是keepalived默认加载配置文件的路径

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf/etc/keepalived/

6： 将keepalived  加入开机启动

systemctl enable keepalived.service   或者      chkconfig keepalived on

7： 准备 nginx 启动脚本， 下面脚本的意思是：

首先获取nginx的 进程数， 如果为0 则启动nginx,  在等待两秒后再次查询一次， 如果还是为0 则停止 keepalived

1:  touch  nginx\_check.sh  创建一个文件， 将下面命令复制进去。 将文件放在  /etc/keepalived 此目录与配置文件一个文件夹

\#!/bin/bash  
    A=\`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l\`  
   if \[ $A -eq 0 \];then  
         /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  
         sleep 2  
         if \[ \`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l\` -eq 0 \];then  
            killall keepalived  
         fi  
   fi

![20190527224557121.png][]

2： 给创建的文件赋权。

chmod  +x  nginx\_check.sh

8： 修改  /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 文件   ，命令：   vim  /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

将原文件内容清空，将下列命令复制进去，

global\_defs \{  
   router\_id 129  \#标识节点的字符串，通常为hostname  
\}

vrrp\_script chk\_nginx \{  
    script "/etc/keepalived/nginx\_check.sh" \#运行脚本，脚本内容下面有，就是起到一个nginx宕机以后，自动开启服务  
    interval 2 \#检测时间间隔  
    weight -20 \#如果条件成立的话，则权重 -20  
\}  
\# 定义虚拟路由，VI\_1 为虚拟路由的标示符，自己定义名称  
vrrp\_instance VI\_1 \{  
    state BACKUP  \#来决定主从  MASTER  BACKUP 两种  
    interface ens33 \# 绑定虚拟 IP 的网络接口，根据自己的机器填写   ip a 查看  
    virtual\_router\_id 129  \# 虚拟路由的 ID 号  
    mcast\_src\_ip 192.168.xx.xx \#填写本机ip  
    priority 100 \# 节点优先级,主要比从节点优先级高  
    nopreempt \# 优先级高的设置  解决异常恢复后再次抢占的问题， master挂掉，backup升级为master，原master为backup  
    advert\_int 1 \# 组播信息发送间隔，两个节点设置必须一样，默认 1s  
    authentication \{ \#pass  ah  推荐使用 pass  
        auth\_type PASS  
        auth\_pass 1111  
    \}  
    \# 将 track\_script 块加入 instance 配置块  
    track\_script \{  
        chk\_nginx \#执行 Nginx 监控的服务  
    \}

virtual\_ipaddress \{  
        192.168.xx.xx \# 虚拟ip,也就是解决写死程序的ip怎么能切换的ip,也可扩展，用途广泛。可配置多个。  
    \}  
\}  
~  
~

service keepalived start   //启动 keepalived

service keepalived stop  //停止 keepalived

//keepalived加入开机启动

systemctl enable keepalived.service   或者      chkconfig keepalived on

9: 测试；

启动nignx

1：cd    /usr/local/nginx/html

2: vim  index.html  在如下添加ip  或者标识

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

3： 浏览器访问niginx

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

10  查看  keepalived:   启动     service keepalived start

命令：  ip  a

如下就是配置的 虚拟ip

![20190527230645895.png][]

在浏览器 中访问虚拟ip

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

将其他  keepalived 停止，  在浏览器再次访问虚拟ip  ，则会发现 已经访问不通。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

此时nginx 还是能访问的：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

将nginx 停掉：  命令： pkill  nginx

此时  nginx 无法访问

![20190527231053181.png][]

启动 keepalived

service keepalived start

会发现 nginx 与  虚拟ip 都能访问了

![2019052723114049.png][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

集群测试：  启动两台虚拟机的  nginx 与  keepalived

我启动  128   与  130   ，访问虚拟ip  192.168.10.150

访问虚拟ip，

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

停掉 128

命令： stop keepalived.service

此时再次访问虚拟ip  192.168.10.150， 会发现 nginx已经切到 130

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

[https_blog.csdn.net_tang_jian_dong_article_details_83995676]: https://blog.csdn.net/tang_jian_dong/article/details/83995676
[20190527222456867.png]: /images/20220126/9e1c292414f84eb3bd1f5774de445157.png
[https_www.keepalived.org_download.html]: https://www.keepalived.org/download.html
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220126/6c3c4536cd42436781775462f932f37a.png
[20190527222012104.png]: /images/20220126/c53af29fc6c1417c8c7a790a22f2b295.png
[20190527222047323.png]: /images/20220126/28ba8429149042aca1fa28588044c562.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmdfamlhbl9kb25n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220126/c75964acd8144fd19c0ed6f92862f78a.png
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[20190527224557121.png]: /images/20220126/8c2d622c67a1433abd5f09170b684b17.png
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[20190527230645895.png]: /images/20220126/0b884a7158e24d3bb43ea3dc1ea13090.png
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[20190527231053181.png]: /images/20220126/b8fd6f748a2d435d851a6daa2bc63c52.png
[2019052723114049.png]: /images/20220126/ada7dd0eec974e309b4f7e492110dcc5.png
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