springboot使用REST访问JPA数据

柔光的暖阳◎ 2022-02-17 04:26 259阅读 0赞

## 资料来源：官方指南[https://spring.io/guides/gs/accessing-data-rest/][https_spring.io_guides_gs_accessing-data-rest] ##

### 一、创建一个maven工程spring-boot-hello，pom.xml文件中引入项目依赖 ###

<parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        </parent>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
                <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
                <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
    		    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    		    <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
    		    <scope>test</scope>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    		    <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
    		    <artifactId>junit-platform-runner</artifactId>
    		    <scope>test</scope>
    		</dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>

### 二、创建实体类Person.java ###

package com.szcatic.entity;
    
    import javax.persistence.Entity;
    import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
    import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
    import javax.persistence.Id;
    
    @Entity
    public class Person {
    
    	@Id
    	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    	private long id;
    
    	private String firstName;
    	private String lastName;
    
    	public String getFirstName() {
    		return firstName;
    	}
    
    	public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
    		this.firstName = firstName;
    	}
    
    	public String getLastName() {
    		return lastName;
    	}
    
    	public void setLastName(String lastName) {
    		this.lastName = lastName;
    	}
    }

### ** **三、创建接口PersonRepository.java ###

package com.szcatic.repositories;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
    import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
    import org.springframework.data.rest.core.annotation.RepositoryRestResource;
    
    import com.szcatic.entity.Person;
    
    @RepositoryRestResource(collectionResourceRel = "people", path = "people")
    public interface PersonRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Person, Long> {
    
    	List<Person> findByLastName(@Param("name") String name);
    
    }

### 四、创建引导类Application.java ###

package com.szcatic;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class Application {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        }
    }

### 五、启动引导类主程序 ###

.   ____          _            __ _ _
     /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
    ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
     \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
      '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
     =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
     :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.1.4.RELEASE)
    
    2019-04-18 20:36:52.222  INFO 8876 --- [           main] com.szcatic.Application                  : Starting Application on zsx with PID 8876 (F:\workspace4.11\spring-boot-hello\target\classes started by admin in F:\workspace4.11\spring-boot-hello)
    2019-04-18 20:36:52.225  INFO 8876 --- [           main] com.szcatic.Application                  : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
    2019-04-18 20:36:53.146  INFO 8876 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data repositories in DEFAULT mode.
    2019-04-18 20:36:53.212  INFO 8876 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 58ms. Found 1 repository interfaces.
    2019-04-18 20:36:53.569  INFO 8876 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration' of type [org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$a34b7b4d] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
    2019-04-18 20:36:53.591  INFO 8876 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.hateoas.config.HateoasConfiguration' of type [org.springframework.hateoas.config.HateoasConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$22cbc87f] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
    2019-04-18 20:36:54.039  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
    2019-04-18 20:36:54.071  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
    2019-04-18 20:36:54.071  INFO 8876 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.17]
    2019-04-18 20:36:54.078  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : An older version [1.2.16] of the APR based Apache Tomcat Native library is installed, while Tomcat recommends a minimum version of [1.2.21]
    2019-04-18 20:36:54.078  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : Loaded APR based Apache Tomcat Native library [1.2.16] using APR version [1.6.3].
    2019-04-18 20:36:54.078  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true].
    2019-04-18 20:36:54.078  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : APR/OpenSSL configuration: useAprConnector [false], useOpenSSL [true]
    2019-04-18 20:36:55.152  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : OpenSSL successfully initialized [OpenSSL 1.0.2m  2 Nov 2017]
    2019-04-18 20:36:55.436  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
    2019-04-18 20:36:55.437  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 3165 ms
    2019-04-18 20:36:56.035  INFO 8876 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
    2019-04-18 20:36:56.213  INFO 8876 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
    2019-04-18 20:36:56.470  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper  : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [
    	name: default
    	...]
    2019-04-18 20:36:56.603  INFO 8876 --- [           main] org.hibernate.Version                    : HHH000412: Hibernate Core {5.3.9.Final}
    2019-04-18 20:36:56.604  INFO 8876 --- [           main] org.hibernate.cfg.Environment            : HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
    2019-04-18 20:36:56.983  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version   : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.0.4.Final}
    2019-04-18 20:36:57.365  INFO 8876 --- [           main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect            : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
    2019-04-18 20:36:58.773  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.h.t.schema.internal.SchemaCreatorImpl  : HHH000476: Executing import script 'org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.exec.ScriptSourceInputNonExistentImpl@6a950a3b'
    2019-04-18 20:36:58.776  INFO 8876 --- [           main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
    2019-04-18 20:36:59.861  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
    2019-04-18 20:36:59.929  WARN 8876 --- [           main] aWebConfiguration$JpaWebMvcConfiguration : spring.jpa.open-in-view is enabled by default. Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable this warning
    2019-04-18 20:37:00.401  INFO 8876 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
    2019-04-18 20:37:00.405  INFO 8876 --- [           main] com.szcatic.Application                  : Started Application in 8.653 seconds (JVM running for 9.883)

### 六、打开postman ###

**1.提交请求[http://localhost:8080][http_localhost_8080]，显示结果如下：**

{
        "_links": {
            "people": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/people{?page,size,sort}",
                "templated": true
            },
            "profile": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/profile"
            }
        }
    }

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

**2.提交请求 [http://localhost:8080/people][http_localhost_8080_people]，显示结果如下：**

{
        "_embedded": {
            "people": []
        },
        "_links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/people{?page,size,sort}",
                "templated": true
            },
            "profile": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/profile/people"
            },
            "search": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/people/search"
            }
        },
        "page": {
            "size": 20,
            "totalElements": 0,
            "totalPages": 0,
            "number": 0
        }
    }

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

3.**提交请求 [http://localhost:8080/people][http_localhost_8080_people]，请求方式为POST，请求参数为“\{"firstName": "Frodo", "lastName": "Baggins"\}”显示结果如下：**

{
        "firstName": "Bilbo",
        "lastName": "Baggins",
        "_links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/people/1"
            },
            "person": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/people/1"
            }
        }
    }

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

4.**提交请求 **[http://localhost:8080/people/1][http_localhost_8080_people_1]**，显示结果如下：**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

**5.提交请求[http://localhost:8080/people/search][http_localhost_8080_people_search]，显示结果如下：**

{
        "_links": {
            "findByLastName": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/people/search/findByLastName{?name}",
                "templated": true
            },
            "self": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/people/search"
            }
        }
    }

**6.提交请求[http://localhost:8080/people/search/findByLastName?name=Baggins][http_localhost_8080_people_search_findByLastName_name_Baggins]，显示结果如下：**

{
        "_embedded": {
            "people": [
                {
                    "firstName": "Bilbo",
                    "lastName": "Baggins",
                    "_links": {
                        "self": {
                            "href": "http://localhost:8080/people/1"
                        },
                        "person": {
                            "href": "http://localhost:8080/people/1"
                        }
                    }
                }
            ]
        },
        "_links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/people/search/findByLastName?name=Baggins"
            }
        }
    }

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

**7.提交请求**[h**ttp://localhost:8080/people/1**][http_localhost_8080_people_1]**，请求方式为“PUT”，请求参数为“\{"firstName": "Bilbo", "lastName": "Baggins"\}”，显示结果如下：**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

**8.提交请求**[h**ttp://localhost:8080/people/1**][http_localhost_8080_people_1]**，请求方式为“PATCH”，请求参数为“\{"firstName": "Bilbo Jr."\}”，显示结果如下：**

{
        "firstName": "Bilbo Jr.",
        "lastName": "Baggins",
        "_links": {
            "self": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/people/1"
            },
            "person": {
                "href": "http://localhost:8080/people/1"
            }
        }
    }

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

**9.提交删除请求****[http://localhost:8080/people/1][http_localhost_8080_people_1]，请求方式为“DELETE”，显示结果如下：**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

**再提交请求[http://localhost:8080/people][http_localhost_8080_people]，查看结果，结果显示如下：**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

[https_spring.io_guides_gs_accessing-data-rest]: https://spring.io/guides/gs/accessing-data-rest/
[http_localhost_8080]: http://localhost:8080
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220217/d4c5253e78d345d486d9e83332757e06.png
[http_localhost_8080_people]: http://localhost:8080/people
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220217/862190f95c764b9aac9432734e890045.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220217/9ceb1ceb9fe44b888a87d965024c60b7.png
[http_localhost_8080_people_1]: http://localhost:8080/people/1
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20220217/a95548e428c943e3a198a097d8bc8c22.png
[http_localhost_8080_people_search]: http://localhost:8080/people/search
[http_localhost_8080_people_search_findByLastName_name_Baggins]: http://localhost:8080/people/search/findByLastName?name=Baggins
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20220217/376184a6ea02488992c801e9e5afc637.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: /images/20220217/0e4ff7c92aec439593fb215ed7510e78.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: /images/20220217/7388a2be3e744e84ae4f448947a22c80.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDE4MjczMTE3MDAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: /images/20220217/a3b05d446cc8431c9b26a2edcff4f534.png