Spring-IOC实现【03-Java配置方式】

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2022-02-18 14:43 174阅读 0赞

## Spring IOC: ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDUwMjgwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## Java配置方式 ##

**SpringBoot流行之后，Java 配置开始被广泛使用。  
Java配置本质上，就是使用一个Java类去代替xml配置，这种配置方式在SpringBoot中得到了广泛的使用。  
实现步骤如下：**

### 1、创建项目，导入需要使用的jar包 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDUwMjgwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

## 2、创建实体类 ##

package com.sxt.pojo;
    
    public class User {
    	public void say(){
    		System.out.println("hi!!!");
    	}
    }

## 3、创建配置文件类 ##

package com.sxt.javaConfig;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    import com.sxt.pojo.User;
    
    /**
     * Java配置文件
     * @Configuration 让当前类和applicationContext.xml作用等价
     * @author IF
     */
    @Configuration
    public class JavaConfig {
    	
    	/**
    	 * @Bean 的作用和<bean>的作用是一样的
    	 * id name 默认是和方法名相同的
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	@Bean()
    	public User getUser(){
    		return new User();
    	}
    }

## 4、测试调用 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDUwMjgwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

## 自动配置文件 ##

**前面这种配置方式，对于所有要使用的类都需要一个一个的配置。可以通过自动配置来简化Bean的配置。**

## xml文件配置 ##

xml配置通过四个注解来实现，目前来说功能是一样的  
![在这里插入图片描述][2019041716251342.png]

### 1.需要在application.xml文件中开启注解扫描 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][2019041716270399.png]

### 2.java对象中添加对应的注解 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDUwMjgwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

### 3.测试 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDUwMjgwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

## 案例： ##

### 1.创建项目，导入jar包 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDUwMjgwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

### 2、dao层 ###

package com.sxt.dao;
    
    public interface IUserDao {
    	public String add();
    }

package com.sxt.dao.Impl;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    import com.sxt.dao.IUserDao;
    //@Component //等价于<bean clas="com.sxt.service.Impl.UserDaoImpl" name="userDaoImpl"/>
    @Repository
    public class UserDaoImpl implements IUserDao {
    
    	@Override
    	public String add() {
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		return "hello ... ";
    	}
    }

### 3.service层 ###

package com.sxt.service;
    
    public interface IUserService {
    	public String add();
    }

package com.sxt.service.Impl;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import com.sxt.dao.IUserDao;
    import com.sxt.service.IUserService;
    
    //@Component //将当前类交给Spring容器管理
    @Service
    public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
    	//调用者与被调用者之间DI 依赖注入设值
    	//@Resource //从容器中获取实例赋值
    	@Autowired() //只能根据类型查找
    	@Qualifier("userDaoImpl") //@Autowired要通过多name查找需要和@Qualifier一块使用
    	private IUserDao dao; 
    
    	@Override
    	public String add() {
    		return dao.add();
    	}
    }

### 4.controller层 ###

### 5、配置文件中添加扫描 ###

<context:component-scan base-package="com.sxt.*"></context:component-scan>

### 6、测试 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDUwMjgwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

### 注解@Resource与@Autowired的区别： ###

![在这里插入图片描述][20190417164633122.png]

### 扫描特殊配置 ###

<context:component-scan base-package="com.itbaizhan"
    		use-default-filters="false">
    		<context:include-filter type="annotation"
    			expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service" />
    	</context:component-scan>

**use-default-filters  
表示使用使用spring默认提供的过滤器，  
false表示不使用，true则表示使用。  
一般来说，  
true结合exclude-filter标签使用，表示除去某个注解  
false结合include标签使用，表示包含某个注解**

## Java代码配置 ##

Java配置和XML配置基本一致，唯一不同的地方就是包扫描的方式。  
四个注解也是一样的。  
包扫描通过@ComponentScan来实现。

### java扫描 ###

package com.sxt.config;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    @Configuration
    //添加扫描
    @ComponentScan("com.sxt.*")//单个
    //@ComponentScans(value={@ComponentScan(""),@ComponentScan("")})//多个
    //@ComponentScan(value="com.sxt.*",useDefaultFilters=true,excludeFilters={@ComponentScan.Filter(type=FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes=Service.class)})
    public class JavaConfig {
    
    }

### 测试： ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDUwMjgwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

# profile #

**在实际开发中，项目即将上线时，可能不需要不停的在开发环境、生产环境、测试环境…之间进行切换**。

## Java配置 ##

### 1、创建实体类： ###

package com.sxt.pojo;
    
    /**
     * 实体类
     * @author IF
     */
    public class DataSources {
    	private String url;
    	private String userName;
    	private String password;
    	public String getUrl() {
    		return url;
    	}
    	public void setUrl(String url) {
    		this.url = url;
    	}
    	public String getUserName() {
    		return userName;
    	}
    	public void setUserName(String userName) {
    		this.userName = userName;
    	}
    	public String getPassword() {
    		return password;
    	}
    	public void setPassword(String password) {
    		this.password = password;
    	}
    	@Override
    	public String toString() {
    		return "DataSources [url=" + url + ", userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]";
    	}
    }

### 2、java配置类 ###

package com.sxt.config;
    
    import java.security.Provider.Service;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScans;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
    
    import com.sxt.pojo.DataSources;
    
    @Configuration
    public class JavaConfig {
    	@Bean
    	@Profile("dev")
    	public DataSources dataSourcesDev(){
    		DataSources ds=new DataSources();
    		ds.setUrl("http://devl:8080/");
    		ds.setUserName("admin");
    		ds.setPassword("123456");
    		return ds;
    	}
    	@Bean
    	@Profile("pro")
    	public DataSources dataSourcesPro(){
    		DataSources ds=new DataSources();
    		ds.setUrl("http://pro:8083/");
    		ds.setUserName("root");
    		ds.setPassword("abcd");
    		return ds;
    	}
    }

### 3、测试切换： ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDUwMjgwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDUwMjgwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

## XML配置： ##

### 1、创建实体类 ###

package com.sxt.pojo;
    public class DataSources {
    	private String url;
    	private String userName;
    	private String password;
    	public String getUrl() {
    		return url;
    	}
    	public void setUrl(String url) {
    		this.url = url;
    	}
    	public String getUserName() {
    		return userName;
    	}
    	public void setUserName(String userName) {
    		this.userName = userName;
    	}
    	public String getPassword() {
    		return password;
    	}
    	public void setPassword(String password) {
    		this.password = password;
    	}
    	@Override
    	public String toString() {
    		return "DataSources [url=" + url + ", userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]";
    	}
    }

### 2、xml文档中添加配置 ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    	
    	<beans profile="pro">
    		<bean class="com.sxt.pojo.DataSources">
    			<property name="url" value="http://pro:8081/"/>
    			<property name="userName" value="admin"/>
    			<property name="password" value="111"/>
    		</bean>
    	</beans>
    	<beans profile="dev">
    		<bean class="com.sxt.pojo.DataSources">
    			<property name="url" value="http://dev:8081/"/>
    			<property name="userName" value="root"/>
    			<property name="password" value="abcd"/>
    		</bean>
    	</beans>
    </beans>

### 3、测试： ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDUwMjgwNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
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[2019041716251342.png]: /images/20220218/d4d3ad203a19494fb0b48e3999c9f5c0.png
[2019041716270399.png]: /images/20220218/640ad438d9394bb5bbac6aa40c18bdc0.png
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