PostGIS几何类型及常用函数

灰太狼 2022-02-21 06:27 939阅读 0赞

## 1.PostGIS中的几何类型 ##

### 1.1 **WKB和WKT** ###

OGC 全称是开放地理空间信息联盟(Open Geospatial Consortium) 定义了两种描述几何对象的格式，分别是WKB（Well-Known Binary）和WKT（Well-Known Text）。

在SQL语句中，使用WKT格式定义几何对象。

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>几何类型</th> 
   <th>WKT格式</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>点</td> 
   <td>POINT(0 0)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>线</td> 
   <td>LINESTRING(0 0,1 1,1 2)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>面</td> 
   <td>POLYGON((0 0,4 0,4 4,0 4,0 0),(1 1, 2 1, 2 2, 1 2,1 1))</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>多点</td> 
   <td>MULTIPOINT(0 0,1 2)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>多线</td> 
   <td>MULTILINESTRING((0 0,1 1,1 2),(2 3,3 2,5 4))</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>多面</td> 
   <td>MULTIPOLYGON(((0 0,4 0,4 4,0 4,0 0),(1 1,2 1,2 2,1 2,1 1)), ((-1 -1,-1 -2,-2 -2,-2 -1,-1 -1)))</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>几何集合</td> 
   <td>GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(POINT(2 3),LINESTRING((2 3,3 4)))</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 1.2 **EWKT和EWKB** ###

**   **EWKT和EWKB相比OGC WKT和WKB格式主要的扩展有3DZ、3DM、4D坐标和内嵌空间参考支持。

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>几何类型</th> 
   <th>EWKT 格式</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>3D 点</td> 
   <td>POINT(0 0 0) &nbsp;-- XYZ</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>内嵌空间参考的点</td> 
   <td>SRID=32632;POINT(0 0) -- XY with SRID</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>带M值的点</td> 
   <td>POINTM(0 0 0) -- XYM</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>带M值的3D点</td> 
   <td>POINT(0 0 0 0) -- XYZM</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>内嵌空间参考的带M值的多点</td> 
   <td>SRID=4326;MULTIPOINTM(0 0 0,1 2 1) &nbsp;-- XYM with SRID</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>3D 线</td> 
   <td>LINESTRING(0 0 0,1 1 0,1 2 1)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>3D 面</td> 
   <td>POLYGON((0 0 0,4 0 0,4 4 0,0 4 0,0 0 0),(1 1 0,2 1 0,2 2 0,1 2 0,1 1 0))</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>3D 多线</td> 
   <td>MULTILINESTRING((0 0 0,1 1 0,1 2 1),(2 3 1,3 2 1,5 4 1))</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>3D 多边形集合</td> 
   <td>MULTIPOLYGON(((0 0 0,4 0 0,4 4 0,0 4 0,0 0 0),(1 1 0,2 1 0,2 2 0,1 2 0,1 1 0)),((-1 -1 0,-1 -2 0,-2 -2 0,-2 -1 0,-1 -1 0)))</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>几何图形集合</td> 
   <td>GEOMETRYCOLLECTIONM( POINTM(2 3 9), LINESTRINGM(2 3 4, 3 4 5) )</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>曲线集合</td> 
   <td>MULTICURVE( (0 0, 5 5), CIRCULARSTRING(4 0, 4 4, 8 4) )</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>多面体面</td> 
   <td>POLYHEDRALSURFACE( ((0 0 0, 0 0 1, 0 1 1, 0 1 0, 0 0 0)), ((0 0 0, 0 1 0, 1 1 0, 1 0 0, 0 0 0)), ((0 0 0, 1 0 0, 1 0 1, 0 0 1, 0 0 0)), ((1 1 0, 1 1 1, 1 0 1, 1 0 0, 1 1 0)), ((0 1 0, 0 1 1, 1 1 1, 1 1 0, 0 1 0)), ((0 0 1, 1 0 1, 1 1 1, 0 1 1, 0 0 1)) )</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>三角形</td> 
   <td>TRIANGLE ((0 0, 0 9, 9 0, 0 0))</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>三角形集合</td> 
   <td>TIN( ((0 0 0, 0 0 1, 0 1 0, 0 0 0)), ((0 0 0, 0 1 0, 1 1 0, 0 0 0)) )</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 1.3 **Canonical** ###

Canonical格式是16进制编码的几何对象，直接用SQL语句查询出来的就是这种格式。

### 1.4 **SQL-MM** ###

SQL-MM格式定义了一些插值曲线，这些插值曲线和EWKT有点类似，也支持3DZ、3DM、4D坐标，但是不支持嵌入空间参考。

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>几何类型</th> 
   <th>SQL-MM</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>插值圆弧</td> 
   <td>CIRCULARSTRING(0 0, 1 1, 1 0)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>插值复合曲线</td> 
   <td>COMPOUNDCURVE(CIRCULARSTRING(0 0, 1 1, 1 0),(1 0, 0 1))</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>曲线多边形</td> 
   <td>CURVEPOLYGON(CIRCULARSTRING(0 0, 4 0, 4 4, 0 4, 0 0),(1 1, 3 3, 3 1, 1 1))</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>多曲线</td> 
   <td>MULTICURVE((0 0, 5 5),CIRCULARSTRING(4 0, 4 4, 8 4))</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>多曲面</td> 
   <td>MULTISURFACE(CURVEPOLYGON(CIRCULARSTRING(0 0, 4 0, 4 4, 0 4, 0 0),(1 1, 3 3, 3 1, 1 1)),((10 10, 14 12, 11 10, 10 10),(11 11, 11.5 11, 11 11.5, 11 11)))</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 2.PostGIS中的常用函数 ##

### 2.1 几何对象管理函数 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>AddGeometryColumn(, , , , , )</td> 
   <td>添加几何字段</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>DropGeometryColumn(, , )</td> 
   <td>删除几何字段</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Probe_Geometry_Columns()</td> 
   <td>检查数据库几何字段并在geometry_columns中归档</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_SetSRID(geometry, integer)</td> 
   <td>给几何对象设置空间参考（在通过一个范围做空间查询时常用）</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 2.2 **几何对象关系函数** ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Distance(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取两个几何对象间的距离</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_DWithin(geometry, geometry, float)</td> 
   <td>如果两个几何对象间距离在给定值范围内，则返回TRUE</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Equals(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>判断两个几何对象是否相等</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Disjoint(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>判断两个几何对象是否分离</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Intersects(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>判断两个几何对象是否相交</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Touches(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>判断两个几何对象的边缘是否接触</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Crosses(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>判断两个几何对象是否互相穿过</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Within(geometry A, geometry B)</td> 
   <td>判断A是否被B包含</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Overlaps(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>判断两个几何对象是否是重叠</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Contains(geometry A, geometry B)</td> 
   <td>判断A是否包含B</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Covers(geometry A, geometry B)</td> 
   <td>判断A是否覆盖 B</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_CoveredBy(geometry A, geometry B)</td> 
   <td>判断A是否被B所覆盖</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Relate(geometry, geometry, intersectionPatternMatrix)</td> 
   <td>通过DE-9IM 矩阵判断两个几何对象的关系是否成立</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Relate(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>获得两个几何对象的关系（DE-9IM矩阵）</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 2.3 几何对象处理函数 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Centroid(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取几何对象的中心</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Area(geometry)</td> 
   <td>面积量测</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Length(geometry)</td> 
   <td>长度量测</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_PointOnSurface(geometry)</td> 
   <td>返回曲面上的一个点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Boundary(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取边界</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Buffer(geometry, double, [integer])</td> 
   <td>获取缓冲后的几何对象</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_ConvexHull(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取多几何对象的外接对象</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Intersection(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取两个几何对象相交的部分</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Shift_Longitude(geometry)</td> 
   <td>将经度小于0的值加360使所有经度值在0-360间</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_SymDifference(geometry A, geometry B)</td> 
   <td>获取两个几何对象不相交的部分（A、B可互换）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Difference(geometry A, geometry B)</td> 
   <td>从A去除和B相交的部分后返回</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Union(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>返回两个几何对象的合并结果</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Union(geometry set)</td> 
   <td>返回一系列几何对象的合并结果</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MemUnion(geometry set)</td> 
   <td>用较少的内存和较长的时间完成合并操作</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 2.4 **几何对象存取函数** ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AsText(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取几何对象的WKT描述</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AsBinary(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取几何对象的WKB描述</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Dimension(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取几何对象的维数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Envelope(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取几何对象的边界范围</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_IsEmpty(geometry)</td> 
   <td>判断几何对象是否为空</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_IsSimple(geometry)</td> 
   <td>判断几何对象是否不包含特殊点（比如自相交）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_IsClosed(geometry)</td> 
   <td>判断几何对象是否闭合</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_IsRing(geometry)</td> 
   <td>判断曲线是否闭合并且不包含特殊点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_NumGeometries(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取多几何对象中的对象个数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_GeometryN(geometry,int)</td> 
   <td>获取多几何对象中第N个对象</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_NumPoints(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取几何对象中的点个数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_PointN(geometry,integer)</td> 
   <td>获取几何对象的第N个点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_ExteriorRing(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取多边形的外边缘</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_NumInteriorRings(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取多边形内边界个数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_InteriorRingN(geometry,integer)</td> 
   <td>获取多边形的第N个内边界</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_EndPoint(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取线的终点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_StartPoint(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取线的起始点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_GeometryType(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取几何对象的类型</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_X(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取点的X坐标</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Y(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取点的Y坐标</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Z(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取点的Z坐标</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_M(geometry)</td> 
   <td>获取点的M值</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 2.5 几何对象构造函数 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_PointFromText(text,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_LineFromText(text,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_LinestringFromText(text,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_PolyFromText(text,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_PolygonFromText(text,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MPointFromText(text,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MLineFromText(text,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MPolyFromText(text,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_GeomCollFromText(text,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_GeomFromWKB(bytea,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_GeometryFromWKB(bytea,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_PointFromWKB(bytea,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_LineFromWKB(bytea,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_LinestringFromWKB(bytea,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_PolyFromWKB(bytea,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_PolygonFromWKB(bytea,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MPointFromWKB(bytea,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MLineFromWKB(bytea,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MPolyFromWKB(bytea,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_GeomCollFromWKB(bytea,[])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_BdPolyFromText(text WKT, integer SRID)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_BdMPolyFromText(text WKT, integer SRID)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 3. **PostGIS扩展函数** ##

## 3.1 管理函数 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>DropGeometryTable([], )</td> 
   <td>删除一个空间表</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>UpdateGeometrySRID([], , , )</td> 
   <td>更新空间表的空间参考</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>update_geometry_stats([, ])</td> 
   <td>更新空间表的统计信息</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### **3.2** **几何操作符** ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A = B</td> 
   <td>A范围=B范围</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A &amp;&lt;&gt; B</td> 
   <td>A范围覆盖B范围或A范围在B范围左侧</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A &lt;&lt;&gt;&gt; B</td> 
   <td>A范围在B范围左侧</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A &amp;&lt;|B</td> 
   <td>A范围覆盖B范围或A范围在B范围下方</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A |&amp;&gt; B</td> 
   <td>A范围覆盖B范围或A范围在B范围上方</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A &lt;&lt;| B</td> 
   <td>A范围在B范围下方</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A |&gt;&gt; B</td> 
   <td>A范围在B范围上方</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A ~= B</td> 
   <td>A=B</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A @ B</td> 
   <td>A范围被B范围包含</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A ~ B</td> 
   <td>A范围包含B范围</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A &amp;&amp; B</td> 
   <td>A范围覆盖B范围</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 3.3 几何量测函数 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Area(geometry)</td> 
   <td>量测面积</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_distance_sphere(point, point)</td> 
   <td>根据经纬度点计算在地球曲面上的距离</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_distance_spheroid(point, point, spheroid)</td> 
   <td>类似上，使用指定的地球椭球参数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_length2d(geometry)</td> 
   <td>量测2D对象长度</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_length3d(geometry)</td> 
   <td>量测3D对象长度</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_length_spheroid(geometry,spheroid)</td> 
   <td>根据经纬度对象计算在地球曲面上的长度</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_distance(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>量测两个对象间距离</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_max_distance(linestring,linestring)</td> 
   <td>量测两条线之间的最大距离</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_perimeter2d(geometry)</td> 
   <td>量测2D对象的周长</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_perimeter3d(geometry)</td> 
   <td>量测3D对象的周长</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_azimuth(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>量测两点构成的方位角，单位弧度</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 3.4 几何对象输出 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AsBinary(geometry,{‘NDR’|’XDR’})</td> 
   <td>Binary</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AsEWKT(geometry)</td> 
   <td>EWKT</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AsEWKB(geometry, {‘NDR’|’XDR’})</td> 
   <td>EWKB</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AsHEXEWKB(geometry, {‘NDR’|’XDR’})</td> 
   <td>Canonical</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AsSVG(geometry, [rel], [precision])</td> 
   <td>SVG</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AsGML([version], geometry, [precision])</td> 
   <td>GML</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AsKML([version], geometry, [precision])</td> 
   <td>KML</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AsGeoJson([version], geometry, [precision], [options])</td> 
   <td>GeoJson</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### **3.5** **几何对象创建** ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_GeomFromEWKB(bytea)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MakePoint(, , [], [])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MakePointM(, , )</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MakeBox2D(, )</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MakeBox3D(, )</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MakeLine(geometry set)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MakeLine(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_LineFromMultiPoint(multipoint)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_MakePolygon(linestring, [linestring[]])</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_BuildArea(geometry)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Polygonize(geometry set)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Collect(geometry set)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Collect(geometry, geometry)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Dump(geometry)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_DumpRings(geometry)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 3.6 几何对象编辑 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AddBBOX(geometry)</td> 
   <td>给几何对象添加一个边界</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_DropBBOX(geometry)</td> 
   <td>删除几何对象的边界</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_AddPoint(linestring, point, [])</td> 
   <td>添加点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_RemovePoint(linestring, offset)</td> 
   <td>删除点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_SetPoint(linestring, N, point)</td> 
   <td>设置点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Force_collection(geometry)</td> 
   <td>几何对象类型转换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Force_2d(geometry)</td> 
   <td>几何对象类型转换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Force_3d(geometry)</td> 
   <td>几何对象类型转换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Force_4d(geometry)</td> 
   <td>几何对象类型转换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Force_3dz(geometry)</td> 
   <td>几何对象类型转换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Force_3dm(geometry)</td> 
   <td>几何对象类型转换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Multi(geometry)</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Transform(geometry,integer)</td> 
   <td>将几何对象转化到指定空间参考</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Affine(geometry, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8)</td> 
   <td>对3D几何对象作仿射变化</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Affine(geometry, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8)</td> 
   <td>对2D几何对象作仿射变化</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Translate(geometry, float8, float8, float8)</td> 
   <td>对几何对象作偏移</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Scale(geometry, float8, float8, float8)</td> 
   <td>对几何对象作缩放</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_RotateZ(geometry, float8)</td> 
   <td>对3D几何对象作旋转</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_RotateX(geometry, float8)</td> 
   <td>对3D几何对象作旋转</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_RotateY(geometry, float8)</td> 
   <td>对3D几何对象作旋转</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_TransScale(geometry, float8, float8, float8, float8)</td> 
   <td>对2D对象作偏移和缩放</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Reverse(geometry)</td> 
   <td>反转</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_ForceRHR(geometry)</td> 
   <td>转化到右手定则</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_Segmentize(geometry, maxlength)</td> 
   <td>分段</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ST_LineMerge(geometry)</td> 
   <td>合并</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>