k8s中的存储方案-emptydir/hostPath/nfs/pv/pvc

冷不防 2022-02-25 14:48 266阅读 0赞

## 本地存储 ##

### 1、emptydir ###

apiVersion: v1
    kind: Pod
    metadata:
      name: my-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: write
        image: centos
        command: ["sh","-c","for i in {1..100};do echo $i >> /data/hello;sleep 1;done"]
        volumeMounts:
          - name: data
            mountPath: /data
    
      - name: read
        image: centos
        command: ["sh","-c","tail -f /data/hello"]
        volumeMounts:
          - name: data
            mountPath: /data
      volumes:
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}

注意command，bash、sh的用法。  
一个pod中有两个contrainer，一个读一个写，实现两个容器之间的数据共享。  
![在这里插入图片描述][2019040211473517.png]

kubectl logs my-pod -c write
    kubectl logs my-pod -c read

### hostPath ###

挂载**node**文件系统上的文件或者目录到pod中的容器  
假如pod是一个监控，需要采集宿主机上的应用，就需要将宿主机上的文件或目录挂载到pod中的容器中  
**应用场景**：Pod中容器需要访问宿主机文件

apiVersion: v1
    kind: Pod
    metadata:
      name: my-pod2
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: busybox
        image: busybox
        args:
        - /bin/sh
        - -c
        - sleep 36000
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          mountPath: /data
      volumes:
      - name: data
        hostPath:
          path: /tmp
          type: Directory

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTA4MDE5OTQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
查看挂载的node节点  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190402150058553.png]  
在node节点10.0.3.248上查看挂载点与pod中的文件  
node248节点：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190402150445998.png]  
pod内部：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190402150352302.png]

## 网络存储 ##

在非集群服务器中，部署nfs  
如在104上部署

yum install -y nfs-utils
    # 暴露启动挂载的路径
    vi /etc/exports
    # ------------
    /data/nfs *(rw,no_root_squash)
    # ------------
    systemctl start nfs
    ps -ef |grep nfs

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTA4MDE5OTQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
并在每个客户端安装nfs-utils

yum install -y nfs-utils

在master运行nfs.yaml文件：

apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      replicas: 3
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: nginx
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: nginx
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: nginx
            image: nginx
            volumeMounts:
            - name: wwwroot
              mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
            ports:
            - containerPort: 80
          volumes:
          - name: wwwroot
            nfs:
              server: 10.0.3.104
              path: /data/nfs

**note**:数据卷挂载：volumes挂载nfs服务器端，  
PV 对存储资源创建和使用的抽象，使得存储作为集群中的资源管理。  
PVC 消耗资源。用户不需要关心具体的volume实现细节。

### 静态存储 ###

设置一个pv存储资源，以便应用进行绑定。

# vi pv.yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: PersistentVolume
    metadata:
      name: my-pv
    spec:
      capacity:
        storage: 5Gi
      accessModes:
        - ReadWriteMany
      nfs:
        path: /data/nfs/wwwroot
        server: 10.0.3.104

展示在网页中存储的使用

### 动态供给（重要） ###

动态供给Dynamic Provisioning机制工作的核心在于StorageClass的API对象。  
StorageClass声明存储插件，用于自动创建pv

# 镜像拉取需要进行认证
    kubectl apply -f registry-pull-secret1.yaml
    kubectl apply -f rbac.yaml
    kubectl apply -f storageclass-nfs.yaml
    kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml

![在这里插入图片描述][20190402200732917.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190402200912497.png]

# vi storageclass-nfs.yaml
    apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: StorageClass
    metadata:
      name: managed-nfs-storage
    provisioner: fuseim.pri/ifs

# vi deployment-nfs.yaml 静态pv
    apiVersion: apps/v1beta1 
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: nfs-client-provisioner
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      strategy:
        type: Recreate
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: nfs-client-provisioner
        spec:
          imagePullSecrets:
            - name: registry-pull-secret
          serviceAccount: nfs-client-provisioner
          containers:
            - name: nfs-client-provisioner
              image: test.com/project/nfs-client-provisioner:v2.0.0
              volumeMounts:
                - name: nfs-client-root
                  mountPath: /persistentvolumes
              env:
                - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
                  value: fuseim.pri/ifs
                - name: NFS_SERVER
                  value: 10.0.3.104
                - name: NFS_PATH
                  value: /data/nfs
          volumes:
            - name: nfs-client-root
              nfs:
                server: 10.0.3.104 
                path: /data/nfs

# vi pvc.yaml 动态pvc
    apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: nginx-deployment2
    spec:
      replicas: 3
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: nginx
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: nginx
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: nginx
            image: nginx
            volumeMounts:
            - name: wwwroot
              mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
            ports:
            - containerPort: 80
          volumes:
          - name: wwwroot
            persistentVolumeClaim:
              claimName: my-pvc2
    
    ---
    
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
    metadata:
      name: my-pvc2
    spec:
      accessModes:
        - ReadWriteMany
      storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 5Gi

[2019040211473517.png]: /images/20220225/7b0f7d64772e48348b5a15151d1fb4a8.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTA4MDE5OTQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220225/0ada2711de1c4fd2bce6a072000b5a9e.png
[20190402150058553.png]: /images/20220225/3995c8678edc4652b78526868fbd3d46.png
[20190402150445998.png]: /images/20220225/c0103e1429b1417dbeae11772c8ff298.png
[20190402150352302.png]: /images/20220225/da6c5d8a3afc432aabaac4cfc6e16a69.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTA4MDE5OTQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220225/ab573fd42d4c4c58b2e9342cbd18b509.png
[20190402200732917.png]: /images/20220225/e58e227081ab4f179c8fb092956cbc9f.png
[20190402200912497.png]: /images/20220225/d90e86d4324445b69d5ebe27a30a67b1.png