spring boot里面对WEB API的单元测试

古城微笑少年丶 2022-02-26 02:56 363阅读 0赞

如前一篇文章（[《spring boot web api》][spring boot web api]）所述，spring boot项目里提供web api非常方便。而作为开发人员，自己写的api，首先要自己先测试一轮，通过才能给其他人调用。API就是用来调用的，所以沟通、测试显得特别重要。

程序员测试，当然是单元测试了。下面是一个完整的单元测试代码。待测试的API是POST访问方式的api，有两个：一个提交参数格式为json，一个为键值对。

import api.entity.Author;
    import api.entity.EnumSex;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectWriter;
    import org.junit.After;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
    import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
    
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
    
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest
    public class MyTest { 
        @Autowired
        private WebApplicationContext wac;
    
        private MockMvc mockMvc;
        
        @Before
        public void setUp() { 
            mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
        }
    
        @After
        public void after() throws Exception { 
            mockMvc = null;
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testJson() throws Exception { //测试提交参数为JSON格式
            Author req = new Author();//Author是自定义的类
            req.setName("zhang3");
            req.setDesc("foolish");
            req.setSex(EnumSex.Male);
            
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            ObjectWriter ow = mapper.writer().withDefaultPrettyPrinter();
            java.lang.String requestJson = ow.writeValueAsString(req);
            
            mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/api/authors/json/1?t=108")
                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(requestJson))
                    .andDo(print())
                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                    .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
    
            System.out.println("ok!!!");
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testKv() throws Exception { //测试提交参数为键值对格式
            Author req = new Author();
            req.setName("li4");
            req.setDesc("foolish");
            req.setSex(EnumSex.Male);
            
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            ObjectWriter ow = mapper.writer().withDefaultPrettyPrinter();
            java.lang.String requestJson = ow.writeValueAsString(req);
            
            mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/api/authors/kv/1?t=108")
                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED).content(requestJson))
                    .andDo(print())
                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                    .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
    
            System.out.println("ok!!!");
        }
    }

附API:

@RestController
    @RequestMapping(value="/api")
    public class ApiController { 
    
    	//提交的参数为json
    	//主要在于注解@RequestBody
        @RequestMapping(value = "/authors/json/{id}", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public String test(@PathVariable int id, @RequestParam("t") int type,@RequestBody Author auth){ 
            return String.format("id:%1$d,type:%2$d,name:%3$s;params type:json",id,type,auth.getName());
        }
    
    	//提交的参数为键值对
        @RequestMapping(value = "/authors/kv/{id}", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public String test2(@PathVariable int id, @RequestParam("t") int type,Author auth){ 
            return String.format("id:%1$d,type:%2$d,name:%3$s;params type:key-value",id,type,auth.getName());
        }
    	
    }

--------------------

注意单元测试的类及方法都应该是public的。

想运行单元测试，则右击具体方法，run即可。

[spring boot web api]: https://leftfist.blog.csdn.net/article/details/88875738