haskell vscode下的环境搭配(包含各种坑的解决办法)

冷不防 2022-03-07 02:34 275阅读 0赞

# 这可能是最傻瓜化的在vscode下的haskell配置介绍文章 #

## 为什么要写这篇文章？ ##

在自己写搭建环境的过程中，搜了一些博文，有些真的及其不服责任和敷衍，草草几句话就带过，但是在google上排名还很高，带着一种鄙视这些文章的态度，于是写下这篇文章，希望给后面的人有帮助

## 安装haskell ##

> 我的平台：deepin-15.8，基于debian8，(ubuntu等应该没太大区别

[这里是一份haskell的学习指南，粗略介绍了安装，资源等一些东西][haskell]  
根据上面链接的内容，我们可以得知：  
不推荐使用Haskell-platform直接安装  
也不太推荐使用cabel

更推荐使用**stack**安装  
[官网安装文档][Link 1]

### 安装 ###

For many Un\*x operating systems, all you need to do is run://对于unix类系统

curl -sSL https://get.haskellstack.org/ | sh

or:

wget -qO- https://get.haskellstack.org/ | sh

(对于windows系统)On Windows, you can download and install the [Windows 64-bit Installer][].

### 创建你的project: ###

stack new my-project
    cd my-project
    stack setup
    stack build
    stack exec my-project-exe

*  The `stack new` command will create a new directory containing all the needed files to start a project correctly.
 *  The `stack setup` will download the compiler if necessary in an isolated location (default `~/.stack`) that won't interfere with any system-level installations. (For information on installation paths, please use the `stack path` command.).
 *  The `stack build` command will build the minimal project.
 *  `stack exec my-project-exe` will execute the command.
 *  If you just want to install an executable using stack, then all you have to do is `stack install <package-name>`.

> 注意，linux系统最好将~/.local/bin加入PATH中

### 换源 ###

毕竟源在国外，所以我们首先必须要进行换源，幸好清华大学开源网站镜像站有提供，更具体一点可以看Stackage 镜像使用说明，这里记录下

vim ~/.stack/config.yaml
    # add
    package-indices:
    - name: Tsinghua
      download-prefix: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/hackage/package/
      http: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/hackage/00-index.tar.gz
    setup-info: "http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/stackage/stack-setup.yaml"
    urls:
      latest-snapshot: http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/stackage/snapshots.json
      lts-build-plans: http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/stackage/lts-haskell/
      nightly-build-plans: http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/stackage/stackage-nightly/
    # 开始使用stack，这个命令需要稍稍等待
    stack setup
    # 安装完成之后
    stack ghci
    # 会出现以下输出
    Configuring GHCi with the following packages:
    GHCi, version 8.0.1: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/  :? for help
    Loaded GHCi configuration from /private/var/folders/0s/j3c0tlx10z9_x9wzhl14xmgh0000gn/T/ghci11066/ghci-script
    Prelude>

## 搭建vscode ##

打开`vscode`，下载extension，这里我推荐这四个插件：`Haskell Syntax Highlighting、Haskell ghc-mod 、haskell-linter、Haskelly`，其中第四个插件离不开`stack`。  
要想使用以上插件，必须安装以下几个包：

# for Haskell ghc-mod 
    stack install ghc-mod
    # for haskell-linter
    stack install hlint
    # for Haskelly
    stack install intero
    stack install QuickCheck
    stack install stack-run

### 安装时可能出现问题 ###

#### ghc-mod安装时如果报错 ####

[stackoverflow上的解决办法][stackoverflow]  
我采用了  
`stack install ghc-mod --resolver lts-8.24`去解决

#### stack-run安装报错 ####

[github issue][]

> I found a workaround.
> 
> Create a file: `~/.stack/global-project/stack-cabal-1.24.yaml`
> 
>     flags: {}
>     extra-package-dbs: []
>     packages: []
>     extra-deps: []
>     resolver: lts-8.24
> 
> Basically it's using an old stack lts that was from around the time the last update to `stack-run` was >made.
> 
> Then just run this:
> 
> `stack --stack-yaml ~/.stack/global-project/stack-cabal-1.24.yaml install stack-run`
> 
> and it should work (did for me, at least)

### intero安装报错 ###

`stack install --resolver lts-6.6 intero-0.1.15`去解决

### vscode 插件配置 ###

然后打开`vscode`的配置文件，加上`ghc-mod和hlint`的路径，如下：

"haskell.ghcMod.executablePath": "/home/.local/bin/ghc-mod",
    "haskell.hlint.executablePath": "/home/.local/bin/hlint"

![图片描述][1870062018-5c70ba25942df_articlex]

[haskell]: https://github.com/bitemyapp/learnhaskell/blob/master/guide-zh_CN.md
[Link 1]: https://docs.haskellstack.org/en/stable/README/#how-to-install
[Windows 64-bit Installer]: https://get.haskellstack.org/stable/windows-x86_64-installer.exe
[stackoverflow]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50948485/stack-install-ghc-mod-fails-with-dependencies-conflicts-on-osx-10-13-4
[github issue]: https://github.com/yamadapc/stack-run/issues/17
[1870062018-5c70ba25942df_articlex]: /images/20220307/c556149afe1b49bdac813fbb5949052a.png