SpringBoot YML配置文件

秒速五厘米 2022-03-10 05:54 587阅读 0赞

## 引言 ##

在之前的博客中说到了怎么样去创建一个SpringBoot的项目以及创建这个Spring项目之后怎么去启动使用这个SpringBoot的项目文件，还有就是SpringBoot项目的启动原理。下面的博客中就开始进入到SpringBoot关于配置的学习。

##### 项目介绍 #####

在使用IDEA创建好SpringBoot项目的时候IDEA会自动为我们创建一些东西，下面来对这些内容进行简单的说明。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L25paHVpMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

*  在使用IDEA创建的时候主程序是已经被创建好了
 *  resources文件夹中的目录结构  
    static：保存项目中所用到的静态资源，例如在项目中使用的css，JavaScript文件等等  
    templates：保存所有模板页面，因为在SpringBoot中默认是使用jar包的方式，并且在这个jar包中嵌入了Tomcat，所以默认是不支持jsp的页面的，但是我们可以使用模板引擎来进行设置。  
    application.properties:应用的配置的文件。这个里面主要是对SpringBoot的应用的配置，在之前我们提到的SpringBoot是使用默认的配置。但是在很多得情况下不需要使用到默认的配置，就可以使用这个配置文件进行设置。这个文件默认是啥都没有的

下面就来说说SpringBoot的配置文件。

> server.port=8081

例如使用上面这个配置来指定对应的应用端口。当然在eclipse中使用STS工具也是一样的设置。

##### SpringBoot的配置 #####

###### 配置文件 ######

SpringBoot 使用的是一个全局的配置文件，就是上面提到的application.properties配置文件，这个文件的路径放在src/main/resources/目录下面或者放在类路径下面，并且这个文件名是固定的。上面的例子中也可以看到，IDEA工具默认创建的时候创建到对应的第一个目录下面。既然是全局的配置文件，那么就可以对全局的默认配置进行修改。

关于这个配置文件有两种格式

*  application.properties
 *  application.yml

下面的内容就是关于专门讲解yml的配置文件。这个也是目前比较流行的一种配置文件的格式

*  YAML A Markup Language ：是一种标记语言。
 *  YAML is not Markup Language:不是一个标记文件

而在Spring中经常使用到的配置文件的形式都是以XML后缀的文件。但YAML文件是以数据为中心的，所以说这个标记文件比json或者是xml等一些配置文件更适合当配置文件。所以在SpringBoot中使用了这个文件作为配置文件。

下面创建一个application.yml的配置文件。  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190309150424106.png]

###### YAML语法 ######

server:
      port: 8081

###### XML 语法 ######

从上面的配置中可以看到使用XML将大多的数据浪费在了标签的开闭上，真正有用的数据很少，这个也是xml和json格式的数据两者在数据传输领域的差别。

> 知识扩展：  
> 在这里做一个简单的知识扩展，在做移动端，或者是前端开发的时候很多的时候数据传输格式都是以JSON格式的数据为主，这个主要是为了节省流量。很多的时候XML格式的数据是比较浪费流量的。所以在移动开发的时候，在数据的传输和加载过程中为了用户考虑，更多的使用的是JSON格式的数据，比较节省流量。具体的两者之间的区别可以通过具体的了解来进行详细了解。

那么配置了这两个文件之后，SpringBoot到底应该加载那个配置文件呢！启动整个SpringBoot中  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L25paHVpMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
看到启动日志中打印出来的端口号是8080端口号，在默认加载配置的时候使用的是application.properties配置文件

##### YAML语法 #####

###### YAML基本语法 ######

k：v :表示键值对（这里注意一点就是在键和值之间有一个空格），以空格的缩进来控制层级关系。（空格的多少没有关系，只要空格对齐就表示属于同一层的元素，只要是左对齐的一列数据，都是同一层级的）

server:
    	port: 8080
    	servlet-path: /hello

###### 值的写法 ######

字面量：普通的值（数字，字符串，布尔）

*  k: v:通过直接来写的形式
 *  字符串默认不用加上单引号或者双引号。
 *  “” 双引号：不会转义字符串，特殊字符会作为本身想要表达的意思。

name:"zhangsan \n lisi"

输出的内容

> zhangsan  
> lisi

*  ‘’ 单引号:会转义特殊字符，特殊字符会作为字符串来输出

name:"zhangsan \n lisi"

输出

> zhangsan \\n lisi

对象：Map 属性和值（也是一个键值对）

*  k:v  
    对象还是k:v的方式

friends:
    	listName:zhangsan
    	age:20

这个对象的写法是这样写的，还有一种写法是行内写法，

> frinends:\{lastName:zhangsan,age:18\}

数组：Array 集合：List Set  
用- 值表示数组中的一个元素  
一般写法

animals:
     	-cat
     	-dog
     	-pig

行内写法

> animals:\[cat,dog,pig\]

##### YAML语法操作 #####

###### 一、创建一个实体类对象 ######

public class Person { 
        private String lastName;
        private Integer age;
        private Boolean boss;
        private Date birth;
    
        private Map<String,Object> maps;
        private List<Object> lists;
    
        private Dog dog;
    
        public String getLastName() { 
            return lastName;
        }
    
        public void setLastName(String lastName) { 
            this.lastName = lastName;
        }
    
        public Integer getAge() { 
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(Integer age) { 
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public Boolean getBoss() { 
            return boss;
        }
    
        public void setBoss(Boolean boss) { 
            this.boss = boss;
        }
    
        public Date getBirth() { 
            return birth;
        }
    
        public void setBirth(Date birth) { 
            this.birth = birth;
        }
    
        public Map<String, Object> getMaps() { 
            return maps;
        }
    
        public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) { 
            this.maps = maps;
        }
    
        public List<Object> getLists() { 
            return lists;
        }
    
        public void setLists(List<Object> lists) { 
            this.lists = lists;
        }
    
        public Dog getDog() { 
            return dog;
        }
    
        public void setDog(Dog dog) { 
            this.dog = dog;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() { 
            return "Person{" +
                    "lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    ", boss=" + boss +
                    ", birth=" + birth +
                    ", maps=" + maps +
                    ", lists=" + lists +
                    ", dog=" + dog +
                    '}';
        }
    }

Dog类

public class Dog { 
        private String name;
        private Integer age;
    
        public Dog(String name, Integer age) { 
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }
        public String getName() { 
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) { 
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public Integer getAge() { 
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(Integer age) { 
            this.age = age;
        }
    }

配置文件内容

person:
         lastName: zhangsan
         age: 18
         boss: false
         birth: 2019/03/09
         maps: { k1:v1,k2:v2}
         lists:
             - list
             - zhaoliu
         dog:
            name: xiaoming
            age: 3

完成这些操作之后，怎么能将配置文件中的值映射到JavaBean组件中。这个时候就要使用到一个注解，也就是@ConfigurationProperties注解：这个注解告诉SpringBoot表示这个文件中的所有的属性都配置文件中的相关的属性进行绑定。

在这个注解上有一个属性

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
    prefixe 表示配置文件中的哪个下面的所有属性进行映射。
    只有这个组件是容器中的组件，才能提供这个功能
    这个就可以使用@Component注解来实现，这个注解表示被加上这个注解的类成为容器中的一个组件

在IDEA中会有一个配置报错提示，其实这个也不是一个报错提示，就是提示用户在类路径下找不到对应的文件。点击右面的链接之后会跳转到一个页面，这个页面是SpringBoot提示这个配置文件的处理器，导入这个配置文件处理器之后就会成功。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L25paHVpMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L25paHVpMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
配置到这里，运行项目之后会发现有一个报错

20:19:55.576 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener - Application failed to start with classpath: [file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/charsets.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/deploy.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/access-bridge-64.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/sunmscapi.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/javaws.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/jce.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/jfr.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/jsse.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/management-agent.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/plugin.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/resources.jar, file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_144/jre/lib/rt.jar, file:/C:/Users/nihui/Desktop/SVN/spring-boot-01-helloworld/target/classes/, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/1.5.9.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-web-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/1.5.9.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/1.5.9.RELEASE/spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/1.5.9.RELEASE/spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/1.5.9.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-logging-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.1.11/logback-classic-1.1.11.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.1.11/logback-core-1.1.11.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/slf4j/jcl-over-slf4j/1.7.25/jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.25.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/1.7.25/jul-to-slf4j-1.7.25.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/slf4j/log4j-over-slf4j/1.7.25/log4j-over-slf4j-1.7.25.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/yaml/snakeyaml/1.17/snakeyaml-1.17.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/1.5.9.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/8.5.23/tomcat-embed-core-8.5.23.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/apache/tomcat/tomcat-annotations-api/8.5.23/tomcat-annotations-api-8.5.23.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-el/8.5.23/tomcat-embed-el-8.5.23.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/8.5.23/tomcat-embed-websocket-8.5.23.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/hibernate/hibernate-validator/5.3.6.Final/hibernate-validator-5.3.6.Final.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/javax/validation/validation-api/1.1.0.Final/validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/jboss/logging/jboss-logging/3.3.1.Final/jboss-logging-3.3.1.Final.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/com/fasterxml/classmate/1.3.4/classmate-1.3.4.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.8.10/jackson-databind-2.8.10.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.8.0/jackson-annotations-2.8.0.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.8.10/jackson-core-2.8.10.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/spring-web/4.3.13.RELEASE/spring-web-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/spring-aop/4.3.13.RELEASE/spring-aop-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/spring-beans/4.3.13.RELEASE/spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/spring-context/4.3.13.RELEASE/spring-context-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/4.3.13.RELEASE/spring-webmvc-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/spring-expression/4.3.13.RELEASE/spring-expression-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-configuration-processor/1.5.9.RELEASE/spring-boot-configuration-processor-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/com/vaadin/external/google/android-json/0.0.20131108.vaadin1/android-json-0.0.20131108.vaadin1.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.25/slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar, file:/G:/JavaEE/maven/repo/org/springframework/spring-core/4.3.13.RELEASE/spring-core-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar, file:/E:/IntelliJ%20IDEA%202018.1/lib/idea_rt.jar]
    20:19:55.801 [main] ERROR org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication - Application startup failed
    java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load property source from location 'classpath:/application.yml'
    	at org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener$Loader.loadIntoGroup(ConfigFileApplicationListener.java:476)
    	at org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener$Loader.load(ConfigFileApplicationListener.java:465)
    	at org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener$Loader.load(ConfigFileApplicationListener.java:386)
    	at org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener.addPropertySources(ConfigFileApplicationListener.java:225)
    	at org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener.postProcessEnvironment(ConfigFileApplicationListener.java:195)
    	at org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener.onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(ConfigFileApplicationListener.java:182)
    	at org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener.onApplicationEvent(ConfigFileApplicationListener.java:168)
    	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.doInvokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:172)
    	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.invokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:165)
    	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:139)
    	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:122)
    	at org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener.environmentPrepared(EventPublishingRunListener.java:74)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.environmentPrepared(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:54)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.prepareEnvironment(SpringApplication.java:325)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:296)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1118)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1107)
    	at com.example.springboot.SpringBoot01HelloworldApplication.main(SpringBoot01HelloworldApplication.java:10)
    Caused by: org.yaml.snakeyaml.scanner.ScannerException: while scanning a plain scalar
     in 'reader', line 9, column 13:
             maps: { k1:v1,k2:v2}
                    ^
    found unexpected ':'
     in 'reader', line 9, column 15:
             maps: { k1:v1,k2:v2}
                      ^
    Please check http://pyyaml.org/wiki/YAMLColonInFlowContext for details.
    
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.scanner.ScannerImpl.scanPlain(ScannerImpl.java:2013)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.scanner.ScannerImpl.fetchPlain(ScannerImpl.java:1046)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.scanner.ScannerImpl.fetchMoreTokens(ScannerImpl.java:401)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.scanner.ScannerImpl.checkToken(ScannerImpl.java:226)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.parser.ParserImpl$ParseFlowMappingKey.produce(ParserImpl.java:723)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.parser.ParserImpl$ParseFlowMappingFirstKey.produce(ParserImpl.java:711)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.parser.ParserImpl.peekEvent(ParserImpl.java:157)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.parser.ParserImpl.checkEvent(ParserImpl.java:147)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.composeMappingNode(Composer.java:224)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.composeNode(Composer.java:155)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.composeValueNode(Composer.java:246)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.composeMappingChildren(Composer.java:237)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.composeMappingNode(Composer.java:225)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.composeNode(Composer.java:155)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.composeValueNode(Composer.java:246)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.composeMappingChildren(Composer.java:237)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.composeMappingNode(Composer.java:225)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.composeNode(Composer.java:155)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.composeDocument(Composer.java:122)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.composer.Composer.getNode(Composer.java:84)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.BaseConstructor.getData(BaseConstructor.java:104)
    	at org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml$1.next(Yaml.java:471)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.YamlProcessor.process(YamlProcessor.java:160)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.YamlProcessor.process(YamlProcessor.java:138)
    	at org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader$Processor.process(YamlPropertySourceLoader.java:101)
    	at org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader.load(YamlPropertySourceLoader.java:58)
    	at org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourcesLoader.load(PropertySourcesLoader.java:127)
    	at org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener$Loader.doLoadIntoGroup(ConfigFileApplicationListener.java:490)
    	at org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener$Loader.loadIntoGroup(ConfigFileApplicationListener.java:473)
    	... 17 common frames omitted
    
    Process finished with exit code 1

这个错误呢一个比较明显的地方就是提示YML配置文件的格式有问题，查看源码会发现。Map指定的泛型指定了键值对是一个字符串，值表示一个对象。对配置文件做了如下的修改

maps: { "k1":v1,"k2":v2}

修改完成之后又会出现这个问题

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\bin\java" -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=19640 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=localhost -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true "-javaagent:E:\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1\lib\idea_rt.jar=19644:E:\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\Users\nihui\Desktop\SVN\spring-boot-01-helloworld\target\classes;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-web\1.5.9.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-web-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\1.5.9.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\1.5.9.RELEASE\spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\1.5.9.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\1.5.9.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.1.11\logback-classic-1.1.11.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.1.11\logback-core-1.1.11.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\slf4j\jcl-over-slf4j\1.7.25\jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.25.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.25\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.25.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\slf4j\log4j-over-slf4j\1.7.25\log4j-over-slf4j-1.7.25.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.17\snakeyaml-1.17.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-tomcat\1.5.9.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-tomcat-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-core\8.5.23\tomcat-embed-core-8.5.23.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\apache\tomcat\tomcat-annotations-api\8.5.23\tomcat-annotations-api-8.5.23.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-el\8.5.23\tomcat-embed-el-8.5.23.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-websocket\8.5.23\tomcat-embed-websocket-8.5.23.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\hibernate\hibernate-validator\5.3.6.Final\hibernate-validator-5.3.6.Final.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\javax\validation\validation-api\1.1.0.Final\validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\jboss\logging\jboss-logging\3.3.1.Final\jboss-logging-3.3.1.Final.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\com\fasterxml\classmate\1.3.4\classmate-1.3.4.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-databind\2.8.10\jackson-databind-2.8.10.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-annotations\2.8.0\jackson-annotations-2.8.0.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-core\2.8.10\jackson-core-2.8.10.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.13.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\spring-aop\4.3.13.RELEASE\spring-aop-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\spring-beans\4.3.13.RELEASE\spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\spring-context\4.3.13.RELEASE\spring-context-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\spring-webmvc\4.3.13.RELEASE\spring-webmvc-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\spring-expression\4.3.13.RELEASE\spring-expression-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-configuration-processor\1.5.9.RELEASE\spring-boot-configuration-processor-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\com\vaadin\external\google\android-json\0.0.20131108.vaadin1\android-json-0.0.20131108.vaadin1.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.25\slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar;G:\JavaEE\maven\repo\org\springframework\spring-core\4.3.13.RELEASE\spring-core-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar" com.example.springboot.SpringBoot01HelloworldApplication
    
      .   ____          _            __ _ _
     /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
     \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
      '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
     =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
     :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.5.9.RELEASE)
    
    2019-03-09 20:24:35.256  INFO 22004 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringBoot01HelloworldApplication  : Starting SpringBoot01HelloworldApplication on DESKTOP-5H2RC57 with PID 22004 (C:\Users\nihui\Desktop\SVN\spring-boot-01-helloworld\target\classes started by nihui in C:\Users\nihui\Desktop\SVN\spring-boot-01-helloworld)
    2019-03-09 20:24:35.258  INFO 22004 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringBoot01HelloworldApplication  : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
    2019-03-09 20:24:36.185  INFO 22004 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@4b5a5ed1: startup date [Sat Mar 09 20:24:36 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
    2019-03-09 20:24:42.812  INFO 22004 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8081 (http)
    2019-03-09 20:24:43.106  INFO 22004 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
    2019-03-09 20:24:43.107  INFO 22004 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.23
    2019-03-09 20:24:43.832  INFO 22004 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
    2019-03-09 20:24:43.832  INFO 22004 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 7682 ms
    2019-03-09 20:24:44.222  INFO 22004 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
    2019-03-09 20:24:44.228  INFO 22004 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*] 2019-03-09 20:24:44.228 INFO 22004 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*] 2019-03-09 20:24:44.228 INFO 22004 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*] 2019-03-09 20:24:44.228 INFO 22004 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*] 2019-03-09 20:24:45.180 WARN 22004 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'person': Could not bind properties to Person (prefix=person, ignoreInvalidFields=false, ignoreUnknownFields=true, ignoreNestedProperties=false); nested exception is org.springframework.beans.NullValueInNestedPathException: Invalid property 'dog' of bean class [com.example.springboot.bean.Person]: Could not instantiate property type [com.example.springboot.bean.Dog] to auto-grow nested property path; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.example.springboot.bean.Dog]: Is it an abstract class?; nested exception is java.lang.InstantiationException: com.example.springboot.bean.Dog 2019-03-09 20:24:45.189 INFO 22004 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Stopping service [Tomcat] 2019-03-09 20:24:45.344 INFO 22004 --- [ main] utoConfigurationReportLoggingInitializer : Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the auto-configuration report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled. 2019-03-09 20:24:45.439 ERROR 22004 --- [ main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication : Application startup failed org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'person': Could not bind properties to Person (prefix=person, ignoreInvalidFields=false, ignoreUnknownFields=true, ignoreNestedProperties=false); nested exception is org.springframework.beans.NullValueInNestedPathException: Invalid property 'dog' of bean class [com.example.springboot.bean.Person]: Could not instantiate property type [com.example.springboot.bean.Dog] to auto-grow nested property path; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.example.springboot.bean.Dog]: Is it an abstract class?; nested exception is java.lang.InstantiationException: com.example.springboot.bean.Dog at org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.java:335) ~[spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.java:292) ~[spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1620) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:555) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:867) ~[spring-context-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543) ~[spring-context-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.refresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:122) ~[spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:693) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:360) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:303) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1118) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1107) [spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at com.example.springboot.SpringBoot01HelloworldApplication.main(SpringBoot01HelloworldApplication.java:10) [classes/:na] Caused by: org.springframework.beans.NullValueInNestedPathException: Invalid property 'dog' of bean class [com.example.springboot.bean.Person]: Could not instantiate property type [com.example.springboot.bean.Dog] to auto-grow nested property path; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.example.springboot.bean.Dog]: Is it an abstract class?; nested exception is java.lang.InstantiationException: com.example.springboot.bean.Dog at org.springframework.beans.AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.newValue(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.java:931) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.createDefaultPropertyValue(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.java:899) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.setDefaultValue(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.java:887) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.getNestedPropertyAccessor(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.java:851) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.getPropertyAccessorForPropertyPath(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.java:825) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.setPropertyValue(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.java:268) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.bind.RelaxedDataBinder$RelaxedBeanWrapper.setPropertyValue(RelaxedDataBinder.java:699) ~[spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:95) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.validation.DataBinder.applyPropertyValues(DataBinder.java:859) ~[spring-context-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.validation.DataBinder.doBind(DataBinder.java:755) ~[spring-context-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.bind.RelaxedDataBinder.doBind(RelaxedDataBinder.java:128) ~[spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at org.springframework.validation.DataBinder.bind(DataBinder.java:740) ~[spring-context-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.bind.PropertiesConfigurationFactory.doBindPropertiesToTarget(PropertiesConfigurationFactory.java:272) ~[spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.bind.PropertiesConfigurationFactory.bindPropertiesToTarget(PropertiesConfigurationFactory.java:240) ~[spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.java:330) ~[spring-boot-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar:1.5.9.RELEASE] ... 19 common frames omitted Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.example.springboot.bean.Dog]: Is it an abstract class?; nested exception is java.lang.InstantiationException: com.example.springboot.bean.Dog at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiate(BeanUtils.java:80) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.newValue(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.java:926) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] ... 33 common frames omitted Caused by: java.lang.InstantiationException: com.example.springboot.bean.Dog at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:427) ~[na:1.8.0_144] at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiate(BeanUtils.java:77) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE] ... 34 common frames omitted Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.example.springboot.bean.Dog.<init>() at java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Class.java:3082) ~[na:1.8.0_144] at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:412) ~[na:1.8.0_144] ... 35 common frames omitted Process finished with exit code 1

报错提示一个dog没有被加载这个是时候将@Component注解加到Dog类上

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L25paHVpMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
然后启动成功。项目可以正常启动之后，就可以通过单元测试进行下一步的操作  
单元测试类

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest
    public class SpringBoot01HelloworldApplicationTests { 
    
        @Autowired
        Person person;
        @Test
        public void contextLoads() { 
            System.out.println(person.toString());
        }
    
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][20190309203337325.png]

### 总结 ###

这个就是从配置文件中获取值，也叫作配置文件的值注入。首先通过编写配置文件，编写相应的JavaBean。然后通过@Component注解和@@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = “person”)注解来进行配置组件注入

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L25paHVpMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220310/07803b4ef7d84c7884d4da23f392cd66.png
[20190309150424106.png]: /images/20220310/8fa16be3a3524e7baee5a8f4b7320d71.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L25paHVpMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220310/ae494ba22ecf415fb11aa7d145539840.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L25paHVpMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220310/961636ade8f94e7086d695f1eeedd812.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L25paHVpMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20220310/097638a0efb44f37a79cbaa5228200f9.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L25paHVpMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20220310/34fc3bac95914c5b9d64ae3707273ecf.png
[20190309203337325.png]: /images/20220310/1b9eedb9ea214da5981be039d5945a4e.png