Spring MVC的部署和初使用

今天药忘吃喽~ 2022-03-10 10:10 122阅读 0赞

在前两个文章介绍了MVC模式及理解，现在讲解Spring MVC框架的初使用，为使用Spring MVC开发web应用程序做基础。  
[https://blog.csdn.net/chegy218/article/details/88376379][https_blog.csdn.net_chegy218_article_details_88376379]  
[https://blog.csdn.net/chegy218/article/details/88375522][https_blog.csdn.net_chegy218_article_details_88375522]  
github项目：[https://github.com/chegy218/ssm-review/tree/master/springmvc][https_github.com_chegy218_ssm-review_tree_master_springmvc]  
**1，创建Web应用并引入jar包**  
初学者只需要创建Dynamic Web project 项目，并引入JAR包。  
从官网上下载的spring-framework-5.0.2.RELEASE-dist中寻找如下JAR包  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZWd5MjE4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
eclipse的web应用导入jar包  
[https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/4f7d5712f465391a20192791.html][https_jingyan.baidu.com_article_4f7d5712f465391a20192791.html]

**2，在web.xml文件中部署DispathcerServlet**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
    	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
    	
    	<display-name>xxx</display-name>
    	
    	<welcome-file-list>
    		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    		<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    		<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    		<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
    	</welcome-file-list>
    	
    	<servlet>
    		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    		<init-param>
    			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    			<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-config/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    		</init-param>
    		
    		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    	</servlet>
    	<servlet-mapping>
    		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    		
    		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    	</servlet-mapping>
    </web-app>

**3，创建Spring MVC配置文件并配置Controller和ViewResolver**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    
    	
    	<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc.controller"></context:component-scan>
    
    	
    	<bean id="jspViewResolver"
    		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    		
    		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
    		
    		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    	</bean>
    
    </beans>

**4，创建Web应用页面**  
应用首页index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    	未注册的用户，请<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/register">
    	注册</a>!<br>
    	已注册的用户，去<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/login">
    	登录</a>!
    </body>
    </html>

**5，创建Controller类**

package com.springmvc.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    @Controller
    public class IndexController {
    	@RequestMapping("/login")
    	public String login(){
    		
    		/**
    		 * login代表逻辑视图名称，需要根据Spring MVC配置
    		 * 文件中视图解析器的前缀和后缀找到对应的页面（物理视图）
    		 */
    		return "login";
    	}
    	@RequestMapping("/register")
    	public String register(){
    		return "register";
    	}
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZWd5MjE4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
**6，发布并运行Spring MVC应用**  
右击项目，然后选择Run As->Run on Server命令，打开对话框，然后点击Finish按钮完成发布并运行。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZWd5MjE4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]同浏览器输入地址“[http://localhost:8080/springmvc/”][http_localhost_8080_springmvc]  
首先访问index.jsp页面，如图所示

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZWd5MjE4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

[https_blog.csdn.net_chegy218_article_details_88376379]: https://blog.csdn.net/chegy218/article/details/88376379
[https_blog.csdn.net_chegy218_article_details_88375522]: https://blog.csdn.net/chegy218/article/details/88375522
[https_github.com_chegy218_ssm-review_tree_master_springmvc]: https://github.com/chegy218/ssm-review/tree/master/springmvc
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZWd5MjE4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220310/1919db3d2c0a461bba68550a206fdbbf.png
[https_jingyan.baidu.com_article_4f7d5712f465391a20192791.html]: https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/4f7d5712f465391a20192791.html
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZWd5MjE4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220310/22bd259b5c674627a48e1cc2f1acc3e8.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZWd5MjE4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190310202131162.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZWd5MjE4,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[http_localhost_8080_springmvc]: http://localhost:8080/springmvc/%E2%80%9D
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZWd5MjE4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20220310/01594e8746aa4350b48813a2133aa4b7.png