Mac中MacPorts安装和使用

迈不过友情╰ 2022-03-10 11:54 1259阅读 0赞

**MacPorts，曾经叫做DarwinPorts，是一个软件包管理系统，用来简化Mac OS X和Darwin操作系统上软件的安装。  
它是一个用来简化自由软件/开放源代码软件的安装的自由/开放源代码项目，与Fink和BSD类ports套件的目标和功能类似。  
跟BSD中的ports道理一样。MacPorts就像apt-get、yum一样，可以快速安装些软件。**

**MacPorts下载与安装**

**一.通过(.pkg)安装: Mac OS X Package (.pkg) Installer**

访问官方网站: [http://www.macports.org/install.php][http_www.macports.org_install.php]  
[http://distfiles.macports.org/MacPorts/MacPorts-2.1.1-10.7-Lion.pkg][http_distfiles.macports.org_MacPorts_MacPorts-2.1.1-10.7-Lion.pkg]

**二.通过(Source)安装MacPorts：Source Installation**

1.cd到Downloads/目录下wget下载 MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz  
输入: `wget https://distfiles.macports.org/MacPorts/MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz`

2.解压 MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz 输入: `tar zxvf MacPorts-2.1.1.tar.gz (tar jxvf MacPorts2.1.1.tar.bz2)`

3.cd到解压到的目录MacPorts-2.1.1输入: `./configure && make && sudo make install` 安装  
中间提示输入密码完成安装!

7.然后将/opt/local/bin和/opt/local/sbin添加到$PATH搜索路径中  
编辑/etc/profile文件 `sudo vim /etc/profile` (特许编辑,强制保存退出 `:wq!`)文件最后加上下面两句

export PATH=/opt/local/bin:$PATH
    export PATH=/opt/local/sbin:$PATH

**MacPorts使用**

1.Mac Port中第三方软件下载包存放的默认路径是：/opt/local/var/macports/distfiles/  
为了提高安装速度，可以在安装新port时直接将此目录下的文件拷贝到新的Mac Port相同的目录中就可以避免Port去网上下载。

2.使用Mac Port前应该首先更新Port的index  
输入: `sudo port -v selfupdate` (强烈推荐第一次运行的时候使用-v参数，显示详细的更新过程)

3.查看Mac Port中当前可用的软件包及其版本 输入: `port list`

4.查看有更新的软件以及版本 输入: `port outdated`

5.升级可以更新的软件 输入: `sudo port upgrade outdated`

6.在Mac Port搜索需要安装的软件包 输入: `port search maven`

HuiMinmatoMacBook-Pro:Downloads zikercn$ port search maven
    maven @1.0.2 (java, devel)
        stub port, use maven1 instead
     
    maven-ant-tasks @2.1.3 (devel, java)
        Use many of Maven's artifact handling features from Ant.
     
    maven1 @1.1 (java, devel)
        A java-based build and project management environment.
     
    maven2 @2.2.1 (java, devel)
        A java-based build and project management environment.
     
    maven3 @3.0.4 (java, devel)
        A java-based build and project management environment.
     
    maven_select @0.3 (sysutils)
        common files for selecting default Maven version
     
    Found 6 ports.

7.搜索到需要安装的软件包之后，如何查看具体的软件包的内容和说明  
输入: `port info maven3`

maven3 @3.0.4 (java, devel)
     
    Description:          Maven is a Java project management and project
                          comprehension tool. Maven is based on the concept of a
                          project object model (POM) in that all the artifacts
                          produced by Maven are a result of consulting a well
                          defined model for your project.Builds, documentation,
                          source metrics, and source cross-references are all
                          controlled by your POM. Maven 3 aims to ensure backward
                          compatibility with Maven 2, improve usability, increase
                          performance, allow safe embedding, and pave the way to
                          implement many highly demanded features.
    Homepage:             http://maven.apache.org/
     
    Build Dependencies:   kaffe
    Runtime Dependencies: maven_select
    Platforms:            darwin
    License:              unknown
    Maintainers:          blair@macports.org, gk5885@kickstyle.net

8.查看即将安装的或者已经安装的软件包的依赖关系  
输入: `port deps maven3`

Full Name: maven3 @3.0.4_0
    Build Dependencies:   kaffe
    Runtime Dependencies: maven_select

9.查看安装时允许客户定制的参数 输入: `port variants maven3`

maven3 has no variants

10.查看了软件包的内容和说明,并确认确实要安装,则输入: `sudo port install maven3`

To make maven 3.0.4 the default, please run
        sudo port select --set maven maven3
     
    --->  Cleaning maven3
    --->  Updating database of binaries: 100.0%
    --->  Scanning binaries for linking errors: 100.0%
    --->  No broken files found.

11.卸载已经用Mac Port安装的软件 输入: `sudo port uninstall maven3`

--->  Deactivating maven3 @3.0.4_0
    --->  Cleaning maven3
    --->  Uninstalling maven3 @3.0.4_0
    --->  Cleaning maven3

**MacPorts卸载删除**

1.卸载原有的MacPorts(如果你没有安装,直接跳过这一步,输入: `port version` 查看)  
\#原版使用MacPorts安装过的软件在/opt/local目录下,删除之前最好查看下,心里有个数.

sudo port -f uninstall installed
    sudo rm -rf  [/加下面的每条]
    /opt/local
    /Applications/DarwinPorts
    /Applications/MacPorts
    /Library/LaunchDaemons/org.macports.*
    /Library/Receipts/DarwinPorts*.pkg
    /Library/Receipts/MacPorts*.pkg
    /Library/StartupItems/DarwinPortsStartup
    /Library/Tcl/darwinports1.0
    /Library/Tcl/macports1.0
    ~/.macports

[http_www.macports.org_install.php]: http://www.macports.org/install.php
[http_distfiles.macports.org_MacPorts_MacPorts-2.1.1-10.7-Lion.pkg]: http://distfiles.macports.org/MacPorts/MacPorts-2.1.1-10.7-Lion.pkg