Spring Cloud 简介

你的名字 2022-03-17 15:45 162阅读 0赞

**目录**

Spring Cloud Overview

Main Projects

释放列车（Release Trains）

--------------------

# Spring Cloud Overview #

1、Spring Cloud 官网：[https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud][https_spring.io_projects_spring-cloud]

2、以 Spring -> Spring Boot -> Spring Cloud 学习使用路线走的，开发微服务肯定首选 Spring Cloud。

> Spring Cloud 为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统中一些常见模式的工具（例如配置管理、服务发现、断路器、智能路由、微代理、控制总线、一次性令牌、全局锁、领导选择、分布式会话、集群状态）。分布式系统的协调导致了样板式的模式，开发人员使用 SpringCloud 可以快速地支持实现这些模式的服务和应用程序。它们在任何分布式环境中都能很好地工作，包括开发人员自己的笔记本电脑、裸机数据中心和云计算等托管平台。

3、一言以蔽之：Spring Cloud 是一个快速构建分布式系统的工具/组件集。（以 Spring Boot 为基础）

> 约定优于配置
> 
> 开箱即用、快速启动
> 
> 适用于各种环境，如 PC Server、云环境、容器（Docker）
> 
> 轻量级的组件，如服务发现组件 Eureka 等
> 
> 组件支持丰富，功能齐全
> 
> 选型中立，如服务发现的组件，可以选用 Eureka、Zookeeper、Consul 其中的任何一个

**Features（特征）**

1、Spring Cloud 致力于为典型用例提供良好的开箱即用的体验，并提供覆盖其他用例的可扩展性机制。

> 分布式/版本化配置（Distributed/versioned configuration）  
> 服务注册和发现（Service registration and discovery）  
> 路由（Routing）  
> Service-to-service 呼叫 （Service-to-service calls）  
> 负载均衡（Load balancing）  
> 断路器（Circuit Breakers）  
> 全局锁（Global locks）  
> 领导选举与集权国家（Leadership election and cluster state）  
> 分布式消息（Distributed messaging）

2、Spring Cloud 采用一种非常声明性的方式，通常只需更改类路径或注释就可以获得大量的 fetaures（特性）。一个发现客户端的示例应用程序：

@SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class Application {
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    	}
    }

# Main Projects #

1、如下所示 Spring Cloud 是由 24 个子项目组成的工具/组件集，平时学习的通常都是单个的组件，而学习 Spring Cloud 却是要掌握这一群。

2、任重道远，学习之余不要忘记勤加锻炼身体。

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#ffcc99;text-align:center;width:48px;">编号</td> 
 <td style="border-color:#ffcc99;text-align:center;width:183px;">Project</td> 
 <td style="border-color:#ffcc99;text-align:center;width:662px;">Summary</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">1</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-config" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Config</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Centralized external configuration management backed by a git repository. The configuration resources map directly to Spring&nbsp;<code>Environment</code>&nbsp;but could be used by non-Spring applications if desired.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">2</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-netflix" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Netflix</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Integration with various Netflix OSS components (Eureka, Hystrix, Zuul, Archaius, etc.).</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">3</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-bus" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Bus</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">An event bus for linking services and service instances together with distributed messaging. Useful for propagating state changes across a cluster (e.g. config change events).</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">4</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-cloudfoundry" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Cloudfoundry</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Integrates your application with Pivotal Cloud Foundry. Provides a service discovery implementation and also makes it easy to implement SSO and OAuth2 protected resources.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">5</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-open-service-broker" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Open Service Broker</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Provides a starting point for building a service broker that implements the Open Service Broker API.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">6</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-cluster" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Cluster</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Leadership election and common stateful patterns with an abstraction and implementation for Zookeeper, Redis, Hazelcast, Consul.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">7</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-consul" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Consul</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Service discovery and configuration management with Hashicorp Consul.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">8</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-security" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Security</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Provides support for load-balanced OAuth2 rest client and authentication header relays in a Zuul proxy.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">9</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-sleuth" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Sleuth</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Distributed tracing for Spring Cloud applications, compatible with Zipkin, HTrace and log-based (e.g. ELK) tracing.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">10</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-dataflow" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Data Flow</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">A cloud-native orchestration service for composable microservice applications on modern runtimes. Easy-to-use DSL, drag-and-drop GUI, and REST-APIs together simplifies the overall orchestration of microservice based data pipelines.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">11</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-stream" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Stream</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">A lightweight event-driven microservices framework to quickly build applications that can connect to external systems. Simple declarative model to send and receive messages using Apache Kafka or RabbitMQ between Spring Boot apps.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">12</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-stream-app-starters" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Stream App Starters</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Spring Cloud Stream App Starters are Spring Boot based Spring Integration applications that provide integration with external systems.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">13</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-task" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Task</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">A short-lived microservices framework to quickly build applications that perform finite amounts of data processing. Simple declarative for adding both functional and non-functional features to Spring Boot apps.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">14</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-task-app-starters" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Task App Starters</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Spring Cloud Task App Starters are Spring Boot applications that may be any process including Spring Batch jobs that do not run forever, and they end/stop after a finite period of data processing.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">15</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-zookeeper" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Zookeeper</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Service discovery and configuration management with Apache Zookeeper.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">16</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-aws" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud AWS</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Easy integration with hosted Amazon Web Services. It offers a convenient way to interact with AWS provided services using well-known Spring idioms and APIs, such as the messaging or caching API. Developers can build their application around the hosted services without having to care about infrastructure or maintenance.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">17</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-connectors" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Connectors</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Makes it easy for PaaS applications in a variety of platforms to connect to backend services like databases and message brokers (the project formerly known as "Spring Cloud").</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">18</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-starters" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Starters</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Spring Boot-style starter projects to ease dependency management for consumers of Spring Cloud. (Discontinued as a project and merged with the other projects after Angel.SR2.)</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">19</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-cli" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud CLI</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Spring Boot CLI plugin for creating Spring Cloud component applications quickly in Groovy</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">20</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-contract" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Contract</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Spring Cloud Contract is an umbrella project holding solutions that help users in successfully implementing the Consumer Driven Contracts approach.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">21</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Gateway</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Spring Cloud Gateway is an intelligent and programmable router based on Project Reactor.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">22</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-openfeign" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud OpenFeign</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Spring Cloud OpenFeign provides integrations for Spring Boot apps through autoconfiguration and binding to the Spring Environment and other Spring programming model idioms.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">23</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-pipelines" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Pipelines</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;"> Spring Cloud Pipelines provides an opinionated deployment pipeline with steps to ensure that your application can be deployed in zero downtime fashion and easilly rolled back of something goes wrong. </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:48px;">24</td> 
 <td style="width:183px;"><a href="https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-function" rel="nofollow">Spring Cloud Function</a></td> 
 <td style="width:662px;">Spring Cloud Function promotes the implementation of business logic via functions. It supports a uniform programming model across serverless providers, as well as the ability to run standalone (locally or in a PaaS).</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# [释放列车（Release Trains）][https_spring.io_projects_spring-cloud] #

1、Spring Cloud 是一个由多个独立项目组成的伞式项目（工具/组件集），原则上具有不同的发布周期。为了管理这些子项目组合，将发布一个BOM（物料清单），其中包含一组对单个 Spring Cloud 项目的依赖关系。

2、为了避免与子项目混淆，发布的 Spring Cloud 是名称（如 Dalston，\[地名\] \[英国\] 多尔斯顿），而不是版本（如 2.3.10）。这些 Spring Cloud 版本名字按字母顺序排列，顺序越靠后表示 Spring Cloud 版本越新，如官方以伦敦的两个地铁站名 “Angel”（天使） 作为第一个版本， “Brixton”（布里克斯顿）作为第二个版本。

3、当单个 Spring Cloud 项目的点发布累积到临界质量时，或者如果其中一个子项目存在一个关键bug(错误)，且这个Bug涉及到了很多人，则发布列车将推出名称以“.srx”结尾的“服务发布”，其中“x”是数字，如 Edgware.SR5，SR 全称 "Service Release"。

<table> Table 1. Release train Spring Boot compatibility 
 <thead> 
 <tr> 
 <th style="width:355px;">Release Train（Spring Cloud版本名称）</th> 
 <th style="width:493px;">Boot Version（Spring Cloud 兼容的 Spring Boot 版本）</th> 
 </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:355px;"> Greenwich&nbsp;[地名] [英国] 格林威治 </td> 
 <td style="width:493px;"> 2.1.x </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:355px;"> Finchley [地名] [英国] 芬奇利 </td> 
 <td style="width:493px;"> 2.0.x </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:355px;"> Edgware&nbsp;[地名] [英国]&nbsp;艾奇韦尔 </td> 
 <td style="width:493px;"> 1.5.x </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:355px;"> Dalston&nbsp;地名] [英国] 多尔斯顿; </td> 
 <td style="width:493px;"> 1.5.x </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

4、如 Table 1 是 Spring Cloud 与 Spring Boot 的版本兼容表，因为 Spring Cloud 是以 Spring boot 为基础的，左侧是 Spring Cloud 版本名称，右侧是 Spring Boot 的版本号，显然从 Finchley（\[地名\] \[英国\] 芬奇利）开始 Spring Boot 必须是 2.0以上。

<table> Table 2. Release train contents（释放列车内容） 
 <thead> 
 <tr> 
 <th>Component（组件）</th> 
 <th>Edgware.SR5</th> 
 <th>Finchley.SR2</th> 
 <th>Finchley.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</th> 
 </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-aws </td> 
 <td> 1.2.3.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.1.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.1.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-bus </td> 
 <td> 1.3.3.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.0.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.1.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-cli </td> 
 <td> 1.4.1.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.0.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.1.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-commons </td> 
 <td> 1.3.5.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-contract </td> 
 <td> 1.2.6.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-config </td> 
 <td> 1.4.5.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-netflix </td> 
 <td> 1.4.6.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-security </td> 
 <td> 1.2.3.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.1.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.1.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-cloudfoundry </td> 
 <td> 1.1.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.1.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.1.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-consul </td> 
 <td> 1.3.5.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.1.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-sleuth </td> 
 <td> 1.3.5.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-stream </td> 
 <td> Ditmars.SR4 </td> 
 <td> Elmhurst.SR1 </td> 
 <td> Elmhurst.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-zookeeper </td> 
 <td> 1.2.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.0.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.1.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-boot </td> 
 <td> 1.5.16.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.6.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.7.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-task </td> 
 <td> 1.2.3.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.0.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.1.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-vault </td> 
 <td> 1.1.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-gateway </td> 
 <td> 1.0.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-openfeign </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 2.0.2.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> spring-cloud-function </td> 
 <td> 1.0.1.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 1.0.0.RELEASE </td> 
 <td> 1.0.1.BUILD-SNAPSHOT </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

5、如 Table 2 是 Spring Cloud 各个版本的具体内容，一个 Spring Cloud 项目就是由这么多若干的子项目组成，Spring Cloud 就是因为为了避免和这些子项目的版本号混淆，所以才采用版本名称。

6、Dalston 版本将于2018年12月到期，而 Edgware 版本将遵循 Spring Boot 1.5.x 的生命周期结束（即 spring boot 1.5.x到期也就表示 Edgware到期）。

7、最开始的 Brixton 和 Angel 发布版本已经在 2017 年 7 月被标记为生命终结（EOL），配合 Spring Boot 1.4.x 使用的 "Camden " 版本也已经终结。从名字就可以知道，字母顺序越靠后，版本越新。开发时应该尽量选择最新的版本，旧版本官方会逐渐放弃。

8、最新版本地址：[https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud\#learn][https_spring.io_projects_spring-cloud_learn]

[https_spring.io_projects_spring-cloud]: https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud
[https_spring.io_projects_spring-cloud_learn]: https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#learn