控制台操作相关的API

今天药忘吃喽~ 2022-03-20 09:48 237阅读 0赞

1. 编写控制台程序，获得标准输入输出的窗口句柄

GetStdHandle

HANDLE GetStdHandle(

DWORD nStdHandle

);

GetStdHandle（）返回标准的输入、输出或错误的设备的句柄，也就是获得输入、输出 /错误的屏幕缓冲区的句柄。

其参数nStdHandle的值为下面几种类型的一种：

STD\_INPUT\_HANDLE 标准输入的句柄

STD\_OUTPUT\_HANDLE 标准输出的句柄

STD\_ERROR\_HANDLE 标准错误的句柄

HWND hw=FindWindow("ConsoleWindowClass",NULL);

这不失为一个好方法，但是单从Class方面入手保险度不高。

API函数FindWindow有两个参数，类名与窗口标题。当不提供窗口标题的时候，返回的句柄为同类窗口中Z序最高的窗口句柄。虽然说执行只是一瞬间，但是保险起见，还是提供下标题窗口，更保险。

char strTitle\[255\];  
GetConsoleTitle(strTitle, 255);  
HWND hw=FindWindow("ConsoleWindowClass",strTitle);

当然，如果要精益求精，还有更保险的办法，用 Kernel32.dll 中部分未公布的API。在用 eXeScope 导出 Kernel32.dll 中控制台相关的API之后，发现有一个名为GetConsoleWindow的API。查找参考了部分资料后，提供如下代码，能够动态载入这个API并获得窗口句柄。

首先需要全局声明：

typedef HWND (WINAPI \*PROCGETCONSOLEWINDOW)();  
PROCGETCONSOLEWINDOW GetConsoleWindow;

然后再main()函数开头中输入以下内容：

HMODULE hKernel32 = GetModuleHandle("kernel32");  
GetConsoleWindow = (PROCGETCONSOLEWINDOW)GetProcAddress(hKernel32,"GetConsoleWindow");

完成了动态载入API函数GetConsoleWindow的任务。需要使用时可如下：

HWND cmd=GetConsoleWindow();

个人认为，使用API函数GetConsoleWindow是最安全，也是最好的方法。在更大的控制台编程中，可能随时需要用到AttachConsole来改变程序的宿主控制台，这个时候再用前两种方法就不够好了。尽管载入的代码很长，但是通用性更高。

2. SetConsoleTextAttribute是设置控制台字体颜色和背景色。

BOOL SetConsoleTextAttribute(

HANDLE hConsoleOutput, // 使用GetStdHandle取得的句柄

WORD wAttributes // 设置文本、背景色

);

wAttributes可以取下面的值

FOREGROUND\_BLUE Text color contains blue.

FOREGROUND\_GREEN Text color contains green.

FOREGROUND\_RED Text color contains red.

FOREGROUND\_INTENSITY Text color is intensified.

BACKGROUND\_BLUE Background color contains blue.

BACKGROUND\_GREEN Background color contains green.

BACKGROUND\_RED Background color contains red.

BACKGROUND\_INTENSITY Background color is intensified.

COMMON\_LVB\_LEADING\_BYTE Leading byte.

COMMON\_LVB\_TRAILING\_BYTE Trailing byte.

COMMON\_LVB\_GRID\_HORIZONTAL Top horizontal.

COMMON\_LVB\_GRID\_LVERTICAL Left vertical.

COMMON\_LVB\_GRID\_RVERTICAL Right vertical.

COMMON\_LVB\_REVERSE\_VIDEO Reverse foreground and background attributes.

COMMON\_LVB\_UNDERSCORE Underscore.

3. CONSOLE\_CURSOR\_INFO用于存放控制光标信息

typedef struct \_CONSOLE\_CURSOR\_INFO \{

DWORD dwSize;

BOOL bVisible;

\} CONSOLE\_CURSOR\_INFO, \*PCONSOLE\_CURSOR\_INFO;

dwSize:光标大小，1-100的值

bVisible:光标是否可见

4. SetConsoleCursorInfo设置光标的信息

BOOL SetConsoleCursorInfo(

HANDLE hConsoleOutput, // 使用GetStdHandle取得的句柄

CONST CONSOLE\_CURSOR\_INFO \*lpConsoleCursorInfo // 光标信息

);

5. \_CONSOLE\_SCREEN\_BUFFER\_INFO: contains information about a console screen buffer

typedef struct \_CONSOLE\_SCREEN\_BUFFER\_INFO \{

COORD dwSize; // Size, in character columns and rows, of the screen buffer.

COORD dwCursorPosition; // 当前光标在屏幕的位置

WORD wAttributes; // 控制台相当于显示屏的坐标，左上和右下的坐标

SMALL\_RECT srWindow; // 字符背景属性，同SetConsoleTextAttribute

COORD dwMaximumWindowSize; // 控制台窗口的大小

\} CONSOLE\_SCREEN\_BUFFER\_INFO ;

6. GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo取得控制台屏幕信息

BOOL GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(

HANDLE hConsoleOutput, // GetStdHandle取得的句柄

PCONSOLE\_SCREEN\_BUFFER\_INFO lpConsoleScreenBufferInfo // screen buffer information

);

7. SetConsoleCursorPosition设置光标位置

BOOL SetConsoleCursorPosition(

HANDLE hConsoleOutput, // handle to screen buffer

COORD dwCursorPosition // new cursor coordinates

);

8. WriteConsoleOutput直接写输入缓冲区。可以写入键盘、鼠标等任何Console能够接收的事件（Event）都可以写进去。键盘操作如果是一些可显示字符可以直接写 ASCII字符，否则的话可能要用键盘扫描码（scan code）了

BOOL WriteConsoleOutput(

HANDLE hConsoleOutput, // handle to screen buffer

CONST CHAR\_INFO \*lpBuffer, // data buffer

COORD dwBufferSize, // size of data buffer

COORD dwBufferCoord, // cell coordinates

PSMALL\_RECT lpWriteRegion // rectangle to write

);

9. SetConsoleTitle设置控制台的标题

BOOL SetConsoleTitle(

彩色命令行：

BOOL **SetConsoleTextAttribute**(  
HANDLE hConsoleOutput,  
WORD wAttributes  
);  
  
附到console上去：  
The AttachConsole function attaches the calling process to the console  
of the specified process.  
BOOL **AttachConsole**(  
DWORD dwProcessId  
);  
  
从Shell中执行文件  
效果类似于Console中的start命令以及explorer中的双击事件，shell会自动选择默认的程序来打开：  
HINSTANCE **ShellExecute**(  
HWND hwnd,  
LPCTSTR lpOperation,  
LPCTSTR lpFile,  
LPCTSTR lpParameters,  
LPCTSTR lpDirectory,  
INT nShowCmd  
);  
  
配合查找shell path的CRT函数可以模拟 开始->运行  
void \_searchenv(  
const char \*filename,  
const char \*varname,  
char \*pathname  
);  
void \_wsearchenv(  
const wchar\_t \*filename,  
const wchar\_t \*varname,  
wchar\_t \*pathname  
);  
   
快捷方式（恼火啊，偶当时用的可是IShellxxx）  
**SHCreateShortcut** : This function creates a shortcut.  
**SHCreateShortcutEx** : This function automatically creates a uniquely named shortcut in a specified directory.  
  
**这里可以搞到更多...**  
**BrowseCallbackProc** This function specifies an application-defined callback function used with the SHBrowseForFolder function.  
**ChooseFont** This function creates a Font dialog box that enables the user to choose attributes for a logical font.  
**SHAddToRecentDocs** This function adds a document to the shell's list of recently used documents or clears all documents from the list.  
**SHBrowseForFolder** This function displays a dialog box that allows a user to select a folder.  
**SHCreateShortcut** This function creates a shortcut.  
**SHCreateShortcutEx** This function automatically creates a uniquely named shortcut in a specified directory.  
**Shell\_NotifyIcon** This function sends a message to the system to add, modify, or delete an icon from the taskbar status area.  
**ShellExecuteEx** This function performs an action on a file. The file can be an executable file or a document.  
**SHFileOperation** This function can be used to copy, move, rename, or delete a file system object.  
**SHGetDesktopFolder** Retrieves the IShellFolder interface for the desktop folder, which is the root of the shell's namespace.  
**SHGetDocumentsFolder** This function retrieves the path to the documents directory for the volume specified in the pszVolume parameter.  
**SHGetFileInfo** This function retrieves information about an object in the file system, such as a file, a folder, a directory, or a drive root.  
**SHGetMalloc** This function retrieves a pointer to the shell's IMalloc interface.  
**SHGetPathFromIDList** This function converts an item identifier list to a file system path.  
**SHGetShortcutTarget** This function retrieves the shortcut's target path.  
**SHGetSpecialFolderLocation** This function retrieves the location of a special folder, such as My Handheld PC, Recycle Bin, Desktop, Printers, Fonts, or various file system directories.  
**SHGetSpecialFolderPath** This function retrieves the path of a special folder, identified by its CSIDL.  
**SHLoadDIBitmap** This function loads a bitmap from the specified file.  
**SHShowOutOfMemory** This function displays a system-defined dialog box notifying the user that memory is full.  
**StrRetToBuf** This function takes a STRRET structure returned by IShellFolder::GetDisplayNameOf, converts it to a string, and places the result in a buffer.