Linux如何查看YUM的安装目录

灰太狼 2022-03-28 03:06 192阅读 0赞

Linux下如何查看使用YUM安装过的包的安装路径呢？ 在搞清楚这个问题前，我们先来了解一下YUM。 YUM（全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及CentOS中的Shell前端软件包管理器。基于RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，避免了手动安装的麻烦(寻找资源、下载；放到指定目录安装；处理依赖关系并下载依赖关系的包进行安装)。所以用yum安装，实质上是用RPM安装，所以RPM查询信息的指令都可用。

如果使用RPM安装了一些包，一般来说，RPM默认安装路径如下：

<table style="margin-left:.35pt;width:556px;"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#8eaadb;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;Directory </td> 
 <td> Contents of Directory </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> /etc </td> 
 <td> 一些配置文件的目录，例如/etc/init.d/mysql &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> /usr/bin </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> 一些可执行文件 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> /usr/lib </td> 
 <td> 一些程序使用的动态函数库 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> /usr/share/doc </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> 一些基本的软件使用手册与帮助文档 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> /usr/share/man </td> 
 <td> 一些man page文件 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

以MySQL的安装为例，我们使用RPM方式安装了MySQL的两个包，其实rpm有两个参数-l和-c可以帮助我们查看具体的安装路径。

\-l 显示软件包中的文件列表

\-c 显示配置文件列表

那么我们可以使用“rpm -ql  包名”来查看具体的安装路径。如下所示：

[![clip\_image001\[4\]][clip_image001_4]][clip_image001_4_clip_image001_4]

\[root@DB-Server ~\]\# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5

MySQL-client-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5

\[root@DB-Server ~\]\# rpm -ql MySQL-client-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5

/usr/bin/msql2mysql

/usr/bin/mysql

/usr/bin/mysql\_config\_editor

/usr/bin/mysql\_find\_rows

/usr/bin/mysql\_waitpid

/usr/bin/mysqlaccess

/usr/bin/mysqlaccess.conf

/usr/bin/mysqladmin

/usr/bin/mysqlbinlog

/usr/bin/mysqlcheck

/usr/bin/mysqldump

/usr/bin/mysqlimport

/usr/bin/mysqlshow

/usr/bin/mysqlslap

/usr/share/man/man1/msql2mysql.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysql\_config\_editor.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysql\_find\_rows.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysql\_waitpid.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlaccess.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqladmin.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbinlog.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlcheck.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqldump.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlimport.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlshow.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlslap.1.gz

\[root@DB-Server tmp\]\# rpm -ql MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5

/etc/init.d/mysql

/etc/logrotate.d/mysql

/etc/my.cnf

/usr/bin/innochecksum

/usr/bin/my\_print\_defaults

/usr/bin/myisam\_ftdump

/usr/bin/myisamchk

/usr/bin/myisamlog

/usr/bin/myisampack

/usr/bin/mysql\_convert\_table\_format

/usr/bin/mysql\_fix\_extensions

/usr/bin/mysql\_install\_db

/usr/bin/mysql\_plugin

/usr/bin/mysql\_secure\_installation

/usr/bin/mysql\_tzinfo\_to\_sql

/usr/bin/mysql\_upgrade

/usr/bin/mysql\_zap

/usr/bin/mysqlbug

/usr/bin/mysqld\_multi

/usr/bin/mysqld\_safe

/usr/bin/mysqldumpslow

/usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy

/usr/bin/mysqltest

.....................................................

[![clip\_image002\[4\]][clip_image002_4]][clip_image002_4_clip_image002_4]

[root@DB-Server ~]# rpm -qc MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5

/etc/logrotate.d/mysql

/etc/my.cnf

[root@DB-Server ~]#

在MySQL的官方文档，你可以看到RPM包所在的安装目录。我们使用rpm -ql 对比验证了一下，基本都OK，但是很奇怪的是，在上面这个版本中，我没有找到/etc/my.cnf，而是/usr/my.cnf

MySQL 5.6

MySQL 5.7

<table style="margin-left:.35pt;width:556px;"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#8eaadb;"> Files or Resources </td> 
 <td> Location </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> Client programs and scripts </td> 
 <td> /usr/bin </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> mysqld&nbsp;server </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> /usr/sbin </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> Configuration file </td> 
 <td> /etc/my.cnf </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> Data directory </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> /var/lib/mysql </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> Error log file </td> 
 <td> For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms:/var/log/mysqld.log For SLES:&nbsp;/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> Value of&nbsp;secure_file_priv </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> /var/lib/mysql-files </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> System V init script </td> 
 <td> For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms:&nbsp;/etc/init.d/mysqld For SLES:&nbsp;/etc/init.d/mysql </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> Systemd service </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms:&nbsp;mysqld For SLES:&nbsp;mysql </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> Pid file </td> 
 <td> /var/run/mysql/mysqld.pid </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> Socket </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> Keyring directory </td> 
 <td> /var/lib/mysql-keyring </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> Unix manual pages </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> /usr/share/man </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> Include (header) files </td> 
 <td> /usr/include/mysql </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> Libraries </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> /usr/lib/mysql </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> Miscellaneous support files (for example, error messages, and character set files) </td> 
 <td> /usr/share/mysql </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

另外一台测试服务器，使用yum安装了mysql-community-server-5.7.18，测试验证发现又是正常。 暂时不清楚这个细节问题。

[![clip\_image003\[4\]][clip_image003_4]][clip_image003_4_clip_image003_4]

作者：[潇湘隐者][Link 1]

出处：[http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/][Link 1]

[clip_image001_4]: https://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201705/73542-20170531145010430-934285215.png
[clip_image001_4_clip_image001_4]: /images/20220328/ebba753b4b1e49398914d709a1dc00b2.png
[clip_image002_4]: https://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201705/73542-20170531145011649-1902947589.png
[clip_image002_4_clip_image002_4]: /images/20220328/a5224142f79a4cedb58b1b77fb3c2a5e.png
[clip_image003_4]: https://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201705/73542-20170531145012430-1126236209.png
[clip_image003_4_clip_image003_4]: /images/20220328/d681f948d7b9440ca93f1f538d62f56a.png
[Link 1]: http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/