【方法】pyautogui入门学习（python自动脚本）

Bertha 。 2022-04-02 03:40 151阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  安装
 *  学习使用
 *   *  加载模块
     *  获取信息类
     *  进行操作类
     *   *  鼠标
         *  键盘
         *  消息盒子
         *  截图功能
 *  实战练习
 *   *  1、计算机自动计算
     *  2、自动画图

# 安装 #

pip install pyautogui

# 学习使用 #

## 加载模块 ##

import pyautogui

## 获取信息类 ##

电脑屏幕的左上角是位置（0，0），向右X坐标增加，向下Y坐标增加

# 获取屏幕尺寸
    screenWidth, screenHeight = pyautogui.size()
    
    # 获取鼠标当前位置
    currentMouseX, currentMouseY = pyautogui.position()

## 进行操作类 ##

### 鼠标 ###

# 鼠标移动到屏幕中心
    pyautogui.moveTo(screenWidth / 2, screenHeight / 2)
    # 将鼠标移动到固定位置
    pyautogui.moveTo(100, 100)
    # 用“1秒”的时间移动到固定位置
    pyautogui.moveTo(100, 100, duration=1)
    # 将鼠标移动到相对当前“下方100”的位置
    pyautogui.moveRel(0, 100) 
    
    
    # 鼠标左键拖拽到屏幕“100，200”的位置
    pyautogui.dragTo(100, 200, button='left') 
    # 鼠标左键用“2秒”拖拽到屏幕“300，400”的位置
    pyautogui.dragTo(300, 400, 2, button='left') 
    # 鼠标左键用“2秒”拖拽到相对当前“右边30”的位置
    pyautogui.dragRel(30, 0, 2, button='left')
    ### button属性可以有：left\middle\right
    
    
    # 鼠标左键单击
    pyautogui.click()
    # 鼠标左键单击“100，200”位置
    pyautogui.click(x=100, y=200)
    # 鼠标左键双击
    pyautogui.doubleClick()
    # 鼠标左键三击
    pyautogui.tripleClick()
    # 鼠标右键单击
    pyautogui.click(button='right')
    # 鼠标右键单击
    pyautogui.rightClick()
    # 鼠标右键间隔0.25秒单击3次
    pyautogui.click(button='right', clicks=3, interval=0.25)
    
    
    # 鼠标左键放下
    pyautogui.mouseDown()
    # 鼠标左键抬起
    pyautogui.mouseUp()
    
    
    # 鼠标滚轮上滚10
    pyautogui.scroll(10)
    # 鼠标滚轮下滚10
    pyautogui.scroll(-10)

### 键盘 ###

# 输入一个字符串
    pyautogui.typewrite('Hello world!')
    # 每个字母间隔0.25秒输入一个字符串
    pyautogui.typewrite('Hello world!', interval=0.25) 
    # 键入 "a", 然后敲击左方向键, 再键入 "b".
    pyautogui.typewrite(['a','left','b'])
    
    
    # 按键
    pyautogui.press('esc')
    # 连续按键
    pyautogui.press(['left', 'left', 'left', 'left', 'left', 'left'])
    
    
    # 键盘按下
    pyautogui.keyDown('shift')
    # 键盘释放
    pyautogui.keyUp('shift')
    
    # 热键按住ctrl的同时按下c
    pyautogui.hotkey('ctrl', 'c')

支持的按键有：

> \[’\\t’, ‘\\n’, ‘\\r’, ’ ‘, ‘!’, ‘"’, ‘\#’, ‘$’, ‘%’, ‘&’, "’", ‘(’,  
> ‘)’, ‘\*’, ‘+’, ‘,’, ‘-’, ‘.’, ‘/’, ‘0’, ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, ‘5’, ‘6’, ‘7’,  
> ‘8’, ‘9’, ‘:’, ‘;’, ‘<’, ‘=’, ‘>’, ‘?’, ‘@’, ‘\[’, ‘\\’, ‘\]’, ‘^’, ‘\_’, ‘\`’,  
> ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘e’,‘f’, ‘g’, ‘h’, ‘i’, ‘j’, ‘k’, ‘l’, ‘m’, ‘n’, ‘o’,  
> ‘p’, ‘q’, ‘r’, ‘s’, ‘t’, ‘u’, ‘v’, ‘w’, ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘z’, ‘\{’, ‘|’, ‘\}’, ‘~’,  
> ‘accept’, ‘add’, ‘alt’, ‘altleft’, ‘altright’, ‘apps’, ‘backspace’,  
> ‘browserback’, ‘browserfavorites’, ‘browserforward’, ‘browserhome’,  
> ‘browserrefresh’, ‘browsersearch’, ‘browserstop’, ‘capslock’, ‘clear’,  
> ‘convert’, ‘ctrl’, ‘ctrlleft’, ‘ctrlright’, ‘decimal’, ‘del’, ‘delete’,  
> ‘divide’, ‘down’, ‘end’, ‘enter’, ‘esc’, ‘escape’, ‘execute’, ‘f1’, ‘f10’,  
> ‘f11’, ‘f12’, ‘f13’, ‘f14’, ‘f15’, ‘f16’, ‘f17’, ‘f18’, ‘f19’, ‘f2’, ‘f20’,  
> ‘f21’, ‘f22’, ‘f23’, ‘f24’, ‘f3’, ‘f4’, ‘f5’, ‘f6’, ‘f7’, ‘f8’, ‘f9’,  
> ‘final’, ‘fn’, ‘hanguel’, ‘hangul’, ‘hanja’, ‘help’, ‘home’, ‘insert’, ‘junja’,  
> ‘kana’, ‘kanji’, ‘launchapp1’, ‘launchapp2’, ‘launchmail’,  
> ‘launchmediaselect’, ‘left’, ‘modechange’, ‘multiply’, ‘nexttrack’,  
> ‘nonconvert’, ‘num0’, ‘num1’, ‘num2’, ‘num3’, ‘num4’, ‘num5’, ‘num6’,  
> ‘num7’, ‘num8’, ‘num9’, ‘numlock’, ‘pagedown’, ‘pageup’, ‘pause’, ‘pgdn’,  
> ‘pgup’, ‘playpause’, ‘prevtrack’, ‘print’, ‘printscreen’, ‘prntscrn’,  
> ‘prtsc’, ‘prtscr’, ‘return’, ‘right’, ‘scrolllock’, ‘select’, ‘separator’,  
> ‘shift’, ‘shiftleft’, ‘shiftright’, ‘sleep’, ‘space’, ‘stop’, ‘subtract’, ‘tab’,  
> ‘up’, ‘volumedown’, ‘volumemute’, ‘volumeup’, ‘win’, ‘winleft’, ‘winright’, ‘yen’,  
> ‘command’, ‘option’, ‘optionleft’, ‘optionright’\]

### 消息盒子 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][20181225115630158.png]

pyautogui.alert(text='你好吗', title='问候', button='我很好')

返回button值  
![在这里插入图片描述][20181225115803969.png]

pyautogui.confirm(text='你好吗', title='问候', buttons=['我很好', '我不好', '不告诉你'])

返回输入值

![在这里插入图片描述][20181225115950645.png]

pyautogui.prompt(text='你好吗', title='问候' , default='')

将输入值用\*号隐藏，返回输入值  
![在这里插入图片描述][201812251215140.png]

pyautogui.password(text='', title='', default='', mask='*')

### 截图功能 ###

首先需要安装Pillow模块

im1 = pyautogui.screenshot()
    # 截图整个屏幕并命名保存到本地
    im2 = pyautogui.screenshot('my_screenshot.png')
    # 截图区域“左侧，顶部，宽度和高度”
    im = pyautogui.screenshot(region=(0, 0, 300, 400))
    
    
    # 返回值(left, top, width, height)
    button7location = pyautogui.locateOnScreen('calc7key.png')

# 实战练习 #

## 1、计算机自动计算 ##

打开电脑自带的计算器  
利用截图工具截取4张图，并依次命名  
将python程序和计算器一同打开在桌面上  
运行python程序

# 自动计算器输入
    import pyautogui
    
    x = [0]*4
    x[0] = pyautogui.locateCenterOnScreen('7.png')
    x[1] = pyautogui.locateCenterOnScreen('+.png')
    x[2] = pyautogui.locateCenterOnScreen('5.png')
    x[3] = pyautogui.locateCenterOnScreen('=.png')
    for i in range(4):
        pyautogui.click(x[i])

![效果图][20181225132014529.gif]

## 2、自动画图 ##

# 自动画图
    import pyautogui
    import time
    
    time.sleep(5)
    
    distance = 200
    while distance > 0:
        pyautogui.dragRel(distance, 0, duration=0.5)  # move right
        distance -= 5
        pyautogui.dragRel(0, distance, duration=0.5)  # move down
        pyautogui.dragRel(-distance, 0, duration=0.5)  # move left
        distance -= 5
        pyautogui.dragRel(0, -distance, duration=0.5)  # move up

![效果图][20181225134041913.gif]

参见官网：[https://pyautogui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html][https_pyautogui.readthedocs.io_en_latest_index.html]

[20181225115630158.png]: /images/20220402/c1bf2a110cd3495db575def137848e0c.png
[20181225115803969.png]: /images/20220402/9cedfb44f282469e8f318a304dc73ab7.png
[20181225115950645.png]: /images/20220402/cd1d203943544cbb897bc2a72322346a.png
[201812251215140.png]: /images/20220402/cb2753e4ffaa46b6acf078332340d490.png
[20181225132014529.gif]: /images/20220402/54cf6a53ca8a472ca375e3b12e3fe160.png
[20181225134041913.gif]: /images/20220402/f33c142fd9b749c8a021954f4d9a6c5f.png
[https_pyautogui.readthedocs.io_en_latest_index.html]: https://pyautogui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html