k8s单机版[ microk8s ]

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2022-04-03 19:48 400阅读 0赞

k8s 的网页管理界面：dashboard  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

# 1， ubuntu16 安装microk8s #

microk8s 是单机版的k8s集群，安装过程仅需2、3分钟，适合测试使用

wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$  sudo snap install microk8s --classic
    [sudo] password for wang: 
    microk8s v1.13.0 from 'canonical' installed
    
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:/home/wang# ls /snap/bin/
    etcd.etcdctl  microk8s.enable    microk8s.status  microk8s.inspect   microk8s.stop
    microk8s.istioctl microk8s.config   microk8s.kubectl  microk8s.ctr      microk8s.reset
    etcdctl  microk8s.disable  microk8s.start
    
    #配置环境变量
    root@stack:/home/wang#  echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/snap/bin'>>~/.bashrc && source ~/.bashrc
    
    # 如果之前安装了k8s, 需要覆盖之前的安装的 k8s 服务才能使用microk8s命令
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P: /snap/bin/$ ./microk8s.kubectl config view --raw > $HOME/.kube/config
    # apiVersion: v1
    # clusters:
    # - cluster:
    #     certificate-authority-data: Ek0TVRJeE9UQTBNelkwTjF
    #   name: kubernetes
    # - cluster:
    #     certificate-authority: /root/.minikube/ca.crt
    #     server: https://192.168.99.100:8443
    #   name: minikube
    # contexts:
    # - context:
    #     cluster: kubernetes
    #     user: kubernetes-admin
    #   name: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
    # - context:
    #     cluster: minikube
    #     user: minikube
    #   name: minikube
    # current-context: minikube
    # kind: Config
    # preferences: {}
    # users:
    # - name: kubernetes-admin
    #   user:
    #     client-certificate-data: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tL
    #     client-key-data: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBSU0EgUFJJVkFURSBLRVktLS
    # - name: minikube
    #   user:
    #     client-certificate: /root/.minikube/client.crt
    #     client-key: /root/.minikube/client.key
    #####################################
    # apiVersion: v1
    # clusters:
    # - cluster:
    #     server: http://127.0.0.1:8080
    #   name: microk8s-cluster
    # contexts:
    # - context:
    #     cluster: microk8s-cluster
    #     user: admin
    #   name: microk8s
    # current-context: microk8s
    # kind: Config
    # preferences: {}
    # users:
    # - name: admin
    #   user:
    #     username: admin
    #

## a, 查看集群信息 ##

#查看基本信息
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ snap info microk8s
    name:      microk8s
    summary:   Kubernetes for workstations and appliances
    publisher: Canonical✓
    contact:   https://github.com/ubuntu/microk8s
    license:   unset
    description: |
      MicroK8s is a small, fast, secure, single node Kubernetes that installs on just about any Linux
      box. Use it for offline development, prototyping, testing, or use it on a VM as a small, cheap,
      reliable k8s for CI/CD. It's also a great k8s for appliances - develop your IoT apps for k8s and
      deploy them to MicroK8s on your boxes.
    commands:
      - microk8s.config
      - microk8s.disable
      - microk8s.docker
      - microk8s.enable
      - microk8s.inspect
      - microk8s.istioctl
      - microk8s.kubectl
      - microk8s.reset
      - microk8s.start
      - microk8s.status
      - microk8s.stop
    services:
      microk8s.daemon-apiserver:          simple, enabled, active
      microk8s.daemon-apiserver-kicker:   simple, enabled, active
      microk8s.daemon-controller-manager: simple, enabled, active
      microk8s.daemon-docker:             simple, enabled, active
      microk8s.daemon-etcd:               simple, enabled, active
      microk8s.daemon-kubelet:            simple, enabled, active
      microk8s.daemon-proxy:              simple, enabled, active
      microk8s.daemon-scheduler:          simple, enabled, active
      
    #插件状态
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ microk8s.status
    microk8s is running
    addons:
    ingress: disabled
    dns: disabled
    metrics-server: disabled
    istio: disabled
    gpu: disabled
    storage: disabled
    dashboard: disabled
    registry: disabled
    
    #节点状态
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ microk8s.kubectl get nodes
    NAME                  STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
    wang-ga-ma770t-ud3p   Ready    <none>   8m47s   v1.13.0
    
    #服务状态
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ microk8s.kubectl get services
    NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
    kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.152.183.1   <none>        443/TCP   8m58s

## b，通过webui 管理k8s集群：登录dashboard ##

wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ microk8s.enable dns
    Enabling DNS
    Applying manifest
    service/kube-dns created
    serviceaccount/kube-dns created
    configmap/kube-dns created
    deployment.extensions/kube-dns created
    Restarting kubelet
    [sudo] password for wang: 
    DNS is enabled
    
    # 开启dashboard服务
    # create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/aio/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ microk8s.enable dashboard
    Enabling dashboard
    secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
    serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
    deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
    service/kubernetes-dashboard created
    service/monitoring-grafana created
    service/monitoring-influxdb created
    service/heapster created
    deployment.extensions/monitoring-influxdb-grafana-v4 created
    serviceaccount/heapster created
    configmap/heapster-config created
    configmap/eventer-config created
    deployment.extensions/heapster-v1.5.2 created
    dashboard enabled
    
    # 创建用户，获取登录密钥
    #创建登录用的账户
    cat  > dashboard-adminuser.yaml <<eof
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: admin-user
      namespace: kube-system
    eof
    kubectl apply -f dashboard-adminuser.yaml
    
    #为账户赋予权限
    cat > dashboard-adminuser-roleBind.yaml <<eof
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: admin-user
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: cluster-admin
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: admin-user
      namespace: kube-system
    eof
    kubectl apply -f  dashboard-adminuser-roleBind.yaml
    
    #获取登录密码
    microk8s.kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
    
    ## Name:         admin-user-token-gtlxc
    ## Namespace:    kube-system
    ## Labels:       <none>
    ## Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin-user
    ##               kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: b1cb7e10-06bb-11e9-a37b-1c6f65287c2d
    ## 
    ## Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token
    ## 
    ## Data
    ## ====
    ## ca.crt:     1094 bytes
    ## namespace:  11 bytes
    ## token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZ........
    
    #开启api 代理服务， 监听8001端口， web访问会使用到此端口
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ microk8s.kubectl proxy
    Starting to serve on 127.0.0.1:8001

## c, 访问dashboard页面报错503 ##

http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/

{
     "kind": "Status",
     "apiVersion": "v1", 
     "metadata": {}, 
     "status": "Failure", 
     "message": "no endpoints available for service \"kubernetes-dashboard\"",
     "reason": "ServiceUnavailable", 
     "code": 503 
     }
     #=====原因
     wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ microk8s.kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system
     NAME                                              READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
    heapster-v1.5.2-6bc7c4965d-9qbsb                  0/4     ContainerCreating   0          32m
    kube-dns-6ccd496668-5wdsl                         0/3     ContainerCreating   0          33m
    kubernetes-dashboard-654cfb4879-rtrw6             0/1     ContainerCreating   0          32m
    monitoring-influxdb-grafana-v4-6679c46745-hplwv   0/2     ContainerCreating   0          32m
    
    #======解决
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ sudo docker pull lhcalibur/pause-amd64
    [sudo] password for wang: 
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from lhcalibur/pause-amd64
    a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete 
    f11233434377: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:40cd7088fd930f1e8939aaa5d5b8bdf6b214bda7eb22070cf20f5094b6863191
    Status: Downloaded newer image for lhcalibur/pause-amd64:latest
    
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ sudo docker tag lhcalibur/pause-amd64:latest gcr.io/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.0
    
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ microk8s.kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system
    NAME                                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    heapster-v1.5.2-64874f6bc6-pbt5k                  4/4     Running   0          25m
    kube-dns-6ccd496668-5wdsl                         3/3     Running   1          78m
    kubernetes-dashboard-654cfb4879-rtrw6             1/1     Running   0          78m
    monitoring-influxdb-grafana-v4-6679c46745-hplwv   2/2     Running   0          78m
    
    ###异常的情况如下：
     Warning  FailedCreatePodSandBox  101s                   kubelet, stack     Failed create pod sandbox: rpc error: code = Unknown desc = failed to get sandbox image "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1": 
     failed to pull image "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1": failed to resolve image "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1": no available registry endpoint:
     failed to do request: Head https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/pause/manifests/3.1: dial tcp 74.125.204.82:443: i/o timeout

再次访问： http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
登录后即可进入管理界面

## d, 部署nginx服务报错：Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout ##

nginx-deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1 # for versions before 1.9.0 use apps/v1beta2
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: nginx
      replicas: 1 # tells deployment to run 2 pods matching the template
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: nginx
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: nginx
            image: nginx:1.7.9
            ports:
            - containerPort: 80

创建deployment后，pod状态异常

wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ microk8s.kubectl get pods
    NAME                                READY   STATUS             RESTARTS   AGE
    nginx-deployment-76bf4969df-sr8m4   0/1     ImagePullBackOff   0          49m
    
    wang@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:~/Downloads$ microk8s.kubectl describe pod nginx-deployment-76bf4969df-sr8m4 
    Name:               nginx-deployment-76bf4969df-sr8m4
    Namespace:          default
    Priority:           0
    PriorityClassName:  <none>
    Node:               wang-ga-ma770t-ud3p/192.168.1.12
    Start Time:         Sun, 23 Dec 2018 23:12:37 +0800
    Labels:             app=nginx
                        pod-template-hash=76bf4969df
    Annotations:        <none>
    Status:             Pending
    IP:                 10.1.1.25
    Events:
      Type     Reason          Age                    From                          Message
      ----     ------          ----                   ----                          -------
      Normal   Scheduled       49m                    default-scheduler             Successfully assigned default/nginx-deployment-76bf4969df-sr8m4 to wang-ga-ma770t-ud3p
      Normal   Pulling         46m (x2 over 49m)      kubelet, wang-ga-ma770t-ud3p  pulling image "nginx:1.7.9"
      Warning  Failed          45m (x2 over 46m)      kubelet, wang-ga-ma770t-ud3p  Error: ErrImagePull
      Warning  Failed          45m                    kubelet, wang-ga-ma770t-ud3p  Failed to pull image "nginx:1.7.9": rpc error: code = Unknown desc = Error response from daemon: Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
      Normal   SandboxChanged  45m (x7 over 46m)      kubelet, wang-ga-ma770t-ud3p  Pod sandbox changed, it will be killed and re-created.
      Normal   BackOff         45m (x6 over 46m)      kubelet, wang-ga-ma770t-ud3p  Back-off pulling image "nginx:1.7.9"

# 2, centos 7 安装microk8s #

# 安装 snap
    yum -y install epel-release
    yum -y install yum-plugin-copr
    yum -y copr enable ngompa/snapcore-el7
    yum -y install snapd
    systemctl enable --now snapd.socket
    ln -s /var/lib/snapd/snap /snap
    
    # snap 安装 microk8s
    snap install microk8s --classic
    snap info microk8s
    
    #配置 microk8s环境变量
    [root@node2 ~]# ls /var/lib/snapd/snap/bin
    microk8s.config   microk8s.enable    microk8s.kubectl  microk8s.status
    microk8s.ctr      microk8s.inspect   microk8s.reset    microk8s.stop
    microk8s.disable  microk8s.istioctl  microk8s.start
    [root@node2 ~]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/var/lib/snapd/snap/bin'>>/etc/profile ; source /etc/profile
    
    # 创建别名： snap alias microk8s.kubectl kubectl

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220403/f251427a09494b4891d33b92255ef6e0.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220403/8da9453467e14bee8dd823533af94596.png