hdfs集群的搭建

我就是我 2022-04-11 04:22 250阅读 0赞

转自： [https://blog.csdn.net/wanbf123/article/details/81948026][https_blog.csdn.net_wanbf123_article_details_81948026]

版权声明：everything https://blog.csdn.net/wanbf123/article/details/81948026  
wget http://www-eu.apache.org/dist/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.7/hadoop-2.7.7.tar.gz

ssh-keygen -t rsa  
  
\# cat id\_rsa.pub>> authorized\_keys  
\# ssh root@10.8.26.196 cat ~/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub>> authorized\_keys  
\# ssh root@10.8.26.195 cat ~/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub>> authorized\_keys  
  
\# cat id\_rsa.pub>> authorized\_keys  
\# ssh root@10.8.26.196 cat ~/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub>> authorized\_keys  
\# ssh root@10.8.26.195 cat ~/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub>> authorized\_keys  
  
\# scp authorized\_keys root@server2:/root/.ssh/  
\# scp authorized\_keys root@server3:/root/.ssh/  
\# scp known\_hosts root@server2:/root/.ssh/  
\# scp known\_hosts root@server3:/root/.ssh/  
\[root@master localfiles\]\# hdfs dfs -mkdir /user  
\[root@master localfiles\]\# hdfs dfs -mkdir /user/root  
\[root@master localfiles\]\# hdfs dfs -mkdir /user/root/input  
\[root@master localfiles\]\# hdfs dfs -mkdir /user/root/output  
\[root@master localfiles\]\# hdfs dfs -put ./testHdfs.txt /user/root/input

Hadoop HA 原理概述

为什么会有 hadoop HA 机制呢？  
　　HA：High Available，高可用

在Hadoop 2.0之前,在HDFS 集群中NameNode 存在单点故障 (SPOF：A Single Point of Failure)。 对于只有一个 NameNode 的集群，如果 NameNode 机器出现故障(比如宕机或是软件、硬件 升级)，那么整个集群将无法使用，直到 NameNode 重新启动

那如何解决呢？  
　　HDFS 的 HA 功能通过配置 Active/Standby 两个 NameNodes 实现在集群中对 NameNode 的 热备来解决上述问题。如果出现故障，如机器崩溃或机器需要升级维护，这时可通过此种方 式将 NameNode 很快的切换到另外一台机器。

在一个典型的 HDFS(HA) 集群中，使用两台单独的机器配置为 NameNodes 。在任何时间点， 确保 NameNodes 中只有一个处于 Active 状态，其他的处在 Standby 状态。其中 ActiveNameNode 负责集群中的所有客户端操作，StandbyNameNode 仅仅充当备机，保证一 旦 ActiveNameNode 出现问题能够快速切换。

为了能够实时同步 Active 和 Standby 两个 NameNode 的元数据信息（实际上 editlog），需提 供一个共享存储系统，可以是 NFS、QJM（Quorum Journal Manager）或者 Zookeeper，Active Namenode 将数据写入共享存储系统，而 Standby 监听该系统，一旦发现有新数据写入，则 读取这些数据，并加载到自己内存中，以保证自己内存状态与 Active NameNode 保持基本一 致，如此这般，在紧急情况下 standby 便可快速切为 active namenode。为了实现快速切换， Standby 节点获取集群的最新文件块信息也是很有必要的。为了实现这一目标，DataNode 需 要配置 NameNodes 的位置，并同时给他们发送文件块信息以及心跳检测。

集群规划  
　　描述：hadoop HA 集群的搭建依赖于 zookeeper，所以选取三台当做 zookeeper 集群 ，总共准备了四台主机，分别是 hadoop1，hadoop2，hadoop3，hadoop4 其中 hadoop1 和 hadoop2 做 namenode 的主备切换，hadoop3 和 hadoop4 做 resourcemanager 的主备切换

四台机器

集群服务器准备  
1、 修改主机名

2、 修改 IP 地址

3、 添加主机名和 IP 映射

4、 添加普通用户 hadoop 用户并配置 sudoer 权限

5、 设置系统启动级别

6、 关闭防火墙/关闭 Selinux

7、 安装 JDK 两种准备方式：

1、 每个节点都单独设置，这样比较麻烦。线上环境可以编写脚本实现

2、 虚拟机环境可是在做完以上 7 步之后，就进行克隆

3、 然后接着再给你的集群配置 SSH 免密登陆和搭建时间同步服务

8、 配置 SSH 免密登录

9、 同步服务器时间

集群安装

1、安装 Zookeeper 集群  
具体安装步骤参考之前的文档http://www.cnblogs.com/qingyunzong/p/8619184.html

2、安装 hadoop 集群  
（1）获取安装包

从官网或是镜像站下载

http://hadoop.apache.org/

http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/

（2）上传解压缩

\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$ ls  
apps hadoop-2.7.5-centos-6.7.tar.gz movie2.jar users.dat zookeeper.out  
data log output2 zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$ tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.5-centos-6.7.tar.gz -C apps/  
（3）修改配置文件

配置文件目录：/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop

修改 hadoop-env.sh文件

\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$ cd apps/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop/  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop\]$ echo $JAVA\_HOME  
/usr/local/jdk1.8.0\_73  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop\]$ vi hadoop-env.sh

修改core-site.xml

\[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop\]$ vi core-site.xml  
<configuration>  
  
<property>  
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>  
<value>hdfs://myha01/</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>  
<value>/home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>  
<value>hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181,hadoop4:2181</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>ha.zookeeper.session-timeout.ms</name>  
<value>1000</value>  
<description>ms</description>  
</property>  
<property>  
<name>dfs.permissions</name>  
<value>false</value>  
<description>  
If "true", enable permission checking in HDFS.  
If "false", permission checking is turned off  
</description>  
</property>  
</configuration>

修改hdfs-site.xml

\[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop\]$ vi hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.replication</name>  
<value>2</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>  
<value>/home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/dfs/name</value>  
</property>  
<property>  
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>  
<value>/home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/dfs/data</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name>  
<value>true</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.nameservices</name>  
<value>myha01</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.ha.namenodes.myha01</name>  
<value>nn1,nn2</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.myha01.nn1</name>  
<value>hadoop1:9000</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.myha01.nn1</name>  
<value>hadoop1:50070</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.myha01.nn2</name>  
<value>hadoop2:9000</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.myha01.nn2</name>  
<value>hadoop2:50070</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>  
<value>qjournal://hadoop1:8485;hadoop2:8485;hadoop3:8485/myha01</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>  
<value>/home/hadoop/data/journaldata</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>  
<value>true</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.myha01</name>  
<value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>  
<value>  
sshfence  
shell(/bin/true)  
</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>  
<value>/home/hadoop/.ssh/id\_rsa</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.connect-timeout</name>  
<value>30000</value>  
</property>  
  
<property>  
<name>ha.failover-controller.cli-check.rpc-timeout.ms</name>  
<value>60000</value>  
</property>  
</configuration>  
　　修改mapred-site.xml

\[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop\]$ cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop\]$ vi mapred-site.xml  
  
<configuration>  
  
<property>  
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>  
<value>yarn</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>  
<value>hadoop1:10020</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>  
<value>hadoop1:19888</value>  
</property>  
</configuration>

修改yarn-site.xml

\[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop\]$ vi yarn-site.xml

<configuration>  
  
<property>  
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.enabled</name>  
<value>true</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.cluster-id</name>  
<value>yrc</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.rm-ids</name>  
<value>rm1,rm2</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm1</name>  
<value>hadoop3</value>  
</property>  
  
<property>  
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm2</name>  
<value>hadoop4</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-address</name>  
<value>hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181</value>  
</property>  
  
<property>  
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>  
<value>mapreduce\_shuffle</value>  
</property>  
  
<property>  
<name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name>  
<value>true</value>  
</property>  
  
<property>  
<name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds</name>  
<value>86400</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.recovery.enabled</name>  
<value>true</value>  
</property>  
  
  
<property>  
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.store.class</name>  
<value>org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.recovery.ZKRMStateStore</value>  
</property>  
</configuration>

修改slaves

\[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop\]$ vi slaves  
hadoop1  
hadoop2  
hadoop3  
hadoop4  
（4）将hadoop安装包分发到其他集群节点

重点强调： 每台服务器中的hadoop安装包的目录必须一致， 安装包的配置信息还必须保持一致  
重点强调： 每台服务器中的hadoop安装包的目录必须一致， 安装包的配置信息还必须保持一致  
重点强调： 每台服务器中的hadoop安装包的目录必须一致， 安装包的配置信息还必须保持一致

\[hadoop@hadoop1 apps\]$ scp -r hadoop-2.7.5/ hadoop2:$PWD  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 apps\]$ scp -r hadoop-2.7.5/ hadoop3:$PWD  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 apps\]$ scp -r hadoop-2.7.5/ hadoop4:$PWD  
（5）配置Hadoop环境变量

千万注意：

1、如果你使用root用户进行安装。 vi /etc/profile 即可 系统变量

2、如果你使用普通用户进行安装。 vi ~/.bashrc 用户变量

本人是用的hadoop用户安装的

\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$ vi .bashrc  
export HADOOP\_HOME=/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5  
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP\_HOME/bin:$HADOOP\_HOME/sbin:

使环境变量生效

\[hadoop@hadoop1 bin\]$ source ~/.bashrc  
（6）查看hadoop版本

\[hadoop@hadoop4 ~\]$ hadoop version  
Hadoop 2.7.5  
Subversion Unknown -r Unknown  
Compiled by root on 2017-12-24T05:30Z  
Compiled with protoc 2.5.0  
From source with checksum 9f118f95f47043332d51891e37f736e9  
This command was run using /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.5.jar  
\[hadoop@hadoop4 ~\]$

Hadoop HA集群的初始化  
重点强调：一定要按照以下步骤逐步进行操作

重点强调：一定要按照以下步骤逐步进行操作

1、启动ZooKeeper  
　　启动4台服务器上的zookeeper服务

hadoop1

\[hadoop@hadoop1 conf\]$ zkServer.sh start  
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default  
Using config: /home/hadoop/apps/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg  
Starting zookeeper ... STARTED  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 conf\]$ jps  
2674 Jps  
2647 QuorumPeerMain  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 conf\]$ zkServer.sh status  
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default  
Using config: /home/hadoop/apps/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg  
Mode: follower  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 conf\]$  
　　hadoop2

\[hadoop@hadoop2 conf\]$ zkServer.sh start  
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default  
Using config: /home/hadoop/apps/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg  
Starting zookeeper ... STARTED  
\[hadoop@hadoop2 conf\]$ jps  
2592 QuorumPeerMain  
2619 Jps  
\[hadoop@hadoop2 conf\]$ zkServer.sh status  
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default  
Using config: /home/hadoop/apps/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg  
Mode: follower  
\[hadoop@hadoop2 conf\]$  
　 hadoop3

\[hadoop@hadoop3 conf\]$ zkServer.sh start  
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default  
Using config: /home/hadoop/apps/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg  
Starting zookeeper ... STARTED  
\[hadoop@hadoop3 conf\]$ jps  
16612 QuorumPeerMain  
16647 Jps  
\[hadoop@hadoop3 conf\]$ zkServer.sh status  
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default  
Using config: /home/hadoop/apps/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg  
Mode: leader  
\[hadoop@hadoop3 conf\]$  
　　hadoop4

\[hadoop@hadoop4 conf\]$ zkServer.sh start  
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default  
Using config: /home/hadoop/apps/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg  
Starting zookeeper ... STARTED  
\[hadoop@hadoop4 conf\]$ jps  
3596 Jps  
3567 QuorumPeerMain  
\[hadoop@hadoop4 conf\]$ zkServer.sh status  
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default  
Using config: /home/hadoop/apps/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg  
Mode: observer  
\[hadoop@hadoop4 conf\]$

2、在你配置的各个journalnode节点启动该进程  
　　按照之前的规划，我的是在hadoop1、hadoop2、hadoop3上进行启动，启动命令如下

hadoop1

\[hadoop@hadoop1 conf\]$ hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode  
starting journalnode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-journalnode-hadoop1.out  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 conf\]$ jps  
2739 JournalNode  
2788 Jps  
2647 QuorumPeerMain  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 conf\]$  
　　hadoop2

\[hadoop@hadoop2 conf\]$ hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode  
starting journalnode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-journalnode-hadoop2.out  
\[hadoop@hadoop2 conf\]$ jps  
2592 QuorumPeerMain  
3049 JournalNode  
3102 Jps  
\[hadoop@hadoop2 conf\]$  
　　hadoop3

\[hadoop@hadoop3 conf\]$ hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode  
starting journalnode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-journalnode-hadoop3.out  
\[hadoop@hadoop3 conf\]$ jps  
16612 QuorumPeerMain  
16712 JournalNode  
16766 Jps  
\[hadoop@hadoop3 conf\]$

3、格式化namenode  
　　先选取一个namenode（hadoop1）节点进行格式化

\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$ hadoop namenode -format

4、要把在hadoop1节点上生成的元数据 给复制到 另一个namenode（hadoop2）节点上  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$ cd data/  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 data\]$ ls  
hadoopdata journaldata zkdata  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 data\]$ scp -r hadoopdata/ hadoop2:$PWD  
VERSION 100% 206 0.2KB/s 00:00  
fsimage\_0000000000000000000.md5 100% 62 0.1KB/s 00:00  
fsimage\_0000000000000000000 100% 323 0.3KB/s 00:00  
seen\_txid 100% 2 0.0KB/s 00:00  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 data\]$

5、格式化zkfc  
重点强调：只能在nameonde节点进行

重点强调：只能在nameonde节点进行

\[hadoop@hadoop1 data\]$ hdfs zkfc -formatZK

启动集群

1、启动HDFS  
　　可以从启动输出日志里面看到启动了哪些进程

\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$ start-dfs.sh  
Starting namenodes on \[hadoop1 hadoop2\]  
hadoop2: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop2.out  
hadoop1: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop1.out  
hadoop3: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop3.out  
hadoop4: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop4.out  
hadoop2: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop2.out  
hadoop1: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop1.out  
Starting journal nodes \[hadoop1 hadoop2 hadoop3\]  
hadoop3: journalnode running as process 16712. Stop it first.  
hadoop2: journalnode running as process 3049. Stop it first.  
hadoop1: journalnode running as process 2739. Stop it first.  
Starting ZK Failover Controllers on NN hosts \[hadoop1 hadoop2\]  
hadoop2: starting zkfc, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-zkfc-hadoop2.out  
hadoop1: starting zkfc, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-zkfc-hadoop1.out  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$  
　　查看各节点进程是否正常

hadoop1

hadoop2

hadoop3

hadoop4

2、启动YARN  
　　在主备 resourcemanager 中随便选择一台进行启动

\[hadoop@hadoop4 ~\]$ start-yarn.sh  
starting yarn daemons  
starting resourcemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-hadoop4.out  
hadoop3: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop3.out  
hadoop2: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop2.out  
hadoop4: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop4.out  
hadoop1: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop1.out  
\[hadoop@hadoop4 ~\]$

正常启动之后，检查各节点的进程

hadoop1

hadoop2

hadoop3

hadoop4

若备用节点的 resourcemanager 没有启动起来，则手动启动起来，在hadoop3上进行手动启动

\[hadoop@hadoop3 ~\]$ yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager  
starting resourcemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-hadoop3.out  
\[hadoop@hadoop3 ~\]$ jps  
17492 ResourceManager  
16612 QuorumPeerMain  
16712 JournalNode  
17532 Jps  
17356 NodeManager  
16830 DataNode  
\[hadoop@hadoop3 ~\]$

3、启动 mapreduce 任务历史服务器  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$ mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver  
starting historyserver, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/mapred-hadoop-historyserver-hadoop1.out  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$ jps  
4016 NodeManager  
2739 JournalNode  
4259 Jps  
3844 DFSZKFailoverController  
2647 QuorumPeerMain  
3546 DataNode  
4221 JobHistoryServer  
3407 NameNode  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$

4、查看各主节点的状态  
HDFS

\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$ hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn1  
standby  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$ hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn2  
active  
\[hadoop@hadoop1 ~\]$

YARN

\[hadoop@hadoop4 ~\]$ yarn rmadmin -getServiceState rm1  
standby  
\[hadoop@hadoop4 ~\]$ yarn rmadmin -getServiceState rm2  
active  
\[hadoop@hadoop4 ~\]$

5、WEB界面进行查看

HDFS

hadoop1

hadoop2

YARN

standby节点会自动跳到avtive节点

MapReduce历史服务器web界面

集群性能测试

1、干掉 active namenode， 看看集群有什么变化  
目前hadoop2上的namenode节点是active状态，干掉他的进程看看hadoop1上的standby状态的namenode能否自动切换成active状态

\[hadoop@hadoop2 ~\]$ jps  
4032 QuorumPeerMain  
4400 DFSZKFailoverController  
4546 NodeManager  
4198 DataNode  
4745 Jps  
4122 NameNode  
4298 JournalNode  
\[hadoop@hadoop2 ~\]$ kill -9 4122  
\---------------------  
作者：wwyh520  
来源：CSDN  
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/wanbf123/article/details/81948026  
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！

[https_blog.csdn.net_wanbf123_article_details_81948026]: https://blog.csdn.net/wanbf123/article/details/81948026