PHP解析Http协议&协议复习

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2022-04-15 07:27 346阅读 0赞

### PHP解析Http协议&协议复习 ###

最近在整理自己的知识体系，发现很多基础已经忘得差不多了，所以重新学习一次。

#### Http协议 ####

HTTP是一个应用层协议，由请求和响应构成，是一个标准的客户端服务器模型。HTTP是一个无状态的协议。

请求报文示例  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1aWx6_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

GET /public/api/index?id=1 HTTP/1.1
    
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
    
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
    
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    
    Connection: keep-alive
    
    Host: 192.168.10.10:8088
    
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.139 Safari/537.36

响应报文示例  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1aWx6_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
     
    Date: Sun, 25 Oct 2015 15:43:47 GMT
     
    Server: Apache
     
    Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=4v2actjf96v614r2kh36380kq6; path=/
     
    Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
     
    Cache-Control: private
     
    Pragma: no-cache
     
    Vary: Accept-Encoding
     
    Content-Length: 5105
     
    Connection: close
     
    Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
     
     
    <html>
    ....
    </html>

#### 代码 ####

<?php
    
    /*php实现监听socket并实时解析Http后返回信息*/
    
    $_POST = $_GET = $_COOKIE = $_REQUEST = $_SESSION = $_FILES =  array();
    //创建一个tcp套接字,并监听8088端口
    if($web = stream_socket_server('tcp://0.0.0.0:8088',$errno,$errstr)){
        while(true){
            //阻塞式读取
            $conn = @stream_socket_accept($web);
            if($conn){
                //这里简单点只读取最多2048数据
                //定长传输可以加入Content-Length判断body的长度
                //如果是对数据进行分块传输，则判断Transfer-Encoding: chunked，按照truncked协议分批读取数据
                $string = fread($conn,2048);
                // var_dump(json_encode($string));
                list($_GET, $_POST, $_COOKIE, $_SERVER, $_FILES) = parse_http($string);
                fwrite($conn,response(json_encode(array('get'=>$_GET, 'post'=>$_POST, 'cookie'=>$_COOKIE, 'server'=>$_SERVER, 'files'=>$_FILES))));
                fclose($conn);
            }
        }
    }else{
        die($errstr);
    }
    
    //响应
    function response($str){
        $content = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nServer: vruan_web/1.0.0\r\nContent-Length: " . strlen($str)."\r\nContent-type: application/json;charset=UTF-8"."\r\n\r\n{$str}";
        return $content;
    }
     
    /*
    *  函数:parse_http
    *  描述:解析http协议
    */
    function parse_http($http)
    {
            // 初始化
            $_POST = $_GET = $_COOKIE = $_REQUEST = $_SESSION = $_FILES =  array();
            $GLOBALS['HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA'] = '';
            // 需要设置的变量名
            $_SERVER = array (
                  'QUERY_STRING' => '',
                  'REQUEST_METHOD' => '',
                  'REQUEST_URI' => '',
                  'SERVER_PROTOCOL' => '',
                  'SERVER_SOFTWARE' => '',
                  'SERVER_NAME' => '',
                  'HTTP_HOST' => '',
                  'HTTP_USER_AGENT' => '',
                  'HTTP_ACCEPT' => '',
                  'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE' => '',
                  'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING' => '',
                  'HTTP_COOKIE' => '',
                  'HTTP_CONNECTION' => '',
                  'REMOTE_ADDR' => '',
                  'REMOTE_PORT' => '0',
            );
             
            // 将header分割成数组
            list($http_header, $http_body) = explode("\r\n\r\n", $http, 2);
    
            $header_data = explode("\r\n", $http_header);
             
            list($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'], $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']) = explode(' ', $header_data[0]);
             
            unset($header_data[0]);
            foreach($header_data as $content)
            {
                // \r\n\r\n
                if(empty($content))
                {
                    continue;
                }
                list($key, $value) = explode(':', $content, 2);
                $key = strtolower($key);
                $value = trim($value);
                switch($key)
                {
                    // HTTP_HOST
                    case 'host':
                        $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = $value;
                        $tmp = explode(':', $value);
                        $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] = $tmp[0];
                        if(isset($tmp[1]))
                        {
                            $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] = $tmp[1];
                        }
                        break;
                    // cookie
                    case 'cookie':
                        $_SERVER['HTTP_COOKIE'] = $value;
                        //将字符串解析成多个变量
                        parse_str(str_replace('; ', '&', $_SERVER['HTTP_COOKIE']), $_COOKIE);
                        break;
                    // user-agent
                    case 'user-agent':
                        $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] = $value;
                        break;
                    // accept
                    case 'accept':
                        $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT'] = $value;
                        break;
                    // accept-language
                    case 'accept-language':
                        $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'] = $value;
                        break;
                    // accept-encoding
                    case 'accept-encoding':
                        $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'] = $value;
                        break;
                    // connection
                    case 'connection':
                        $_SERVER['HTTP_CONNECTION'] = $value;
                        break;
                    case 'referer':
                        $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] = $value;
                        break;
                    case 'if-modified-since':
                        $_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE'] = $value;
                        break;
                    case 'if-none-match':
                        $_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH'] = $value;
                        break;
                    case 'content-type':
                        // 不同的请求类型：application/x-www-form-urlencoded application/json multipart/form-data text/xml
                        //demo: Content-Type:multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA
                        if(!preg_match('/boundary="?(\S+)"?/', $value, $match))
                        {
                            $_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE'] = $value;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            $_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE'] = 'multipart/form-data';
                            $http_post_boundary = '--'.$match[1];
                        }
                        break;
                }
            }
             
            // 需要解析$_POST
            if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST')
            {   
                //上传文件处理
                if(isset($_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE']) && $_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE'] === 'multipart/form-data')
                {
                    parse_upload_files($http_body, $http_post_boundary);
                }
                else
                {
                    parse_str($http_body, $_POST);
                    // $GLOBALS['HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA']
                    $GLOBALS['HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA'] = $http_body;
                }
            }
             
            // QUERY_STRING
            $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] = parse_url($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], PHP_URL_QUERY);
            if($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])
            {
                // $GET
                parse_str($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'], $_GET);
            }
            else
            {
                $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] = '';
            }
             
            // REQUEST
            // $_REQUEST = array_merge($_GET, $_POST);
             
            return array($_GET, $_POST, $_COOKIE, $_SERVER, $_FILES);
     }
     
    /*
    *  函数:parse_upload_files
    *  描述:解析上传的文件
    */
    function parse_upload_files($http_body, $http_post_boundary)
    {   
        //去除最后一行boundary
        $http_body = substr($http_body, 0, strlen($http_body) - (strlen($http_post_boundary) + 4));
        $boundary_data_array = explode($http_post_boundary."\r\n", $http_body);
        if($boundary_data_array[0] === '')
        {
            unset($boundary_data_array[0]);
        }
        foreach($boundary_data_array as $boundary_data_buffer)
        {
            /**
                Content-Disposition: form-data; name="text"
                
                title
                ------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA
                Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="chrome.png"
                Content-Type: image/png
                
                PNG ... content of chrome.png ...
             */
            list($boundary_header_buffer, $boundary_value) = explode("\r\n\r\n", $boundary_data_buffer, 2);
            // 去掉末尾\r\n
            $boundary_value = substr($boundary_value, 0, -2);
            foreach (explode("\r\n", $boundary_header_buffer) as $item)
            {
                list($header_key, $header_value) = explode(": ", $item);
                $header_key = strtolower($header_key);
                switch ($header_key)
                {
                    case "content-disposition":
                        // 是文件
                        if(preg_match('/name=".*?"; filename="(.*?)"$/', $header_value, $match))
                        {
                            $_FILES[] = array(
                                'file_name' => $match[1],
                                'file_data' => $boundary_value,
                                'file_size' => strlen($boundary_value),
                            );
                            continue;
                        }
                        // 是post field
                        else
                        {
                            // 收集post
                            if(preg_match('/name="(.*?)"$/', $header_value, $match))
                            {
                                $_POST[$match[1]] = $boundary_value;
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

#### 定义及参考资料 ####

[https://www.cnblogs.com/guguli/p/4758937.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_guguli_p_4758937.html]  
[http://caibaojian.com/http-protocol.html][http_caibaojian.com_http-protocol.html]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1aWx6_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220415/3f8f9af6335342f28613e8ab49f7a11a.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1aWx6_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220415/20398ad01f574f9684d3b1e331535a33.png
[https_www.cnblogs.com_guguli_p_4758937.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/guguli/p/4758937.html
[http_caibaojian.com_http-protocol.html]: http://caibaojian.com/http-protocol.html