iOS各种权限状态的获取及注意事项

朱雀 2022-04-18 04:17 849阅读 0赞

### 前言 ###

关于系统权限的获取，相信大家都不陌生，可是其中蕴含的知识确实不少。  
**怎样向用户索取权限是非常重要的。例如LBS类的应用，如果在索取权限时遭到用户的拒绝，那么该应用基本等同于无用了,更坏的是，点击“不允许”是很轻松的，而要撤销这个决定则不太容易，用户至少需要以下五步,一次性成功获取权限的重要性不言而喻，**

--------------------

关于这一点，好的设置可以概括为这样：

> **除非当前确实需要，否则不要向用户索取权限。  
> 索取权限时要让用户明确的了解授权后的好处是什么。**

### 权限分类 ###

*  联网权限
 *  相册权限
 *  相机、麦克风权限
 *  定位权限
 *  推送权限
 *  通讯录权限
 *  日历、备忘录权限

联网权限

引入头文件 **@import CoreTelephony;**  
应用启动后，检测应用中是否有联网权限

typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, CTCellularDataRestrictedState) {
      kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown,//权限未知
      kCTCellularDataRestricted,//权限被关闭，
      kCTCellularDataNotRestricted//权限开启
    };
    
      使用时需要注意的关键点：
    
      CTCellularData  只能检测蜂窝权限，不能检测WiFi权限。
        一个CTCellularData实例新建时，restrictedState是kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown，
      之后在cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier里会有一次回调，此时才能获取到正确的权限状态。
      当用户在设置里更改了app的权限时，cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier会收到回调，如果要停止监听，
      必须将cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier设置为nil。
      赋值给cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier的block并不会自动释放，
      即便你给一个局部变量的CTCellularData实例设置监听，当权限更改时，还是会收到回调，所以记得将block置nil。
    
    
    CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
    cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier = ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state)
    { //获取联网状态 switch (state)
         {
           case kCTCellularDataRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricrted"); break;     
           case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@"Not Restricted"); break; 
           //未知，第一次请求
           case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@"Unknown"); break; 
          default: break;
         };
     };

查询应用是否有联网功能

CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
    CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState;     
    switch (state) { 
      case kCTCellularDataRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricrted"); break; 
      case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@"Not Restricted"); break;    
      case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@"Unknown"); break; default: break;
     }

> 注意：当应用被设置为不联网，使用的时候，系统会自动弹出警告“xxxx 已被关闭网络”点击可以去设置，自动跳转到设置中心里。  
> **iOS10 国行机第一次安装App时会有一个权限弹框弹出，在允许之前是没有网络的，网上对于现状已有描述和解决方法：  
> （1）在引导页中诱导出网络权限弹框，这样就不会影响到之后应用的网络请求。  
> （2）允许用户手动重新请求。出现数据空白时，如果在空白页面上有“重新加载”的按钮。  
> （3) 允许用户手动重新请求。出现数据空白时，如果在空白页面上有“重新加载”的按钮。**

相册权限--iOS 9.0之前

导入头文件**@import AssetsLibrary;**  
检查是否有相册权限

ALAuthorizationStatus status = [ALAssetsLibrary authorizationStatus];
      switch (status) {
     case ALAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; 
     case ALAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break;
     case ALAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break;
      case ALAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;
      }

相册权限--iOS 8.0之后

导入头文件**@import Photos;**  
检查是否有相册权限

PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
      switch (photoAuthorStatus) { 
      case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; 
      case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break;
      case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break;
      case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;}

获取相册权限

[PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) { 
    if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) 
      { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }
      else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
    } }];

相机和麦克风权限

导入头文件**@import AVFoundation;**  
检查是否有相机或麦克风权限

AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];//相机权限
    AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];//麦克风权限
    switch (AVstatus) {
      //允许状态
      case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break;  
      //不允许状态，可以弹出一个alertview提示用户在隐私设置中开启权限 
      case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; 
      //未知，第一次申请权限
      case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; 
      //此应用程序没有被授权访问,可能是家长控制权限
      case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;
      }

获取相机或麦克风权限

[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:
      AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//相机权限 
      if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }
      else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); }}];
      [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:
      AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted)
     {//麦克风权限
         if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }
          else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
       }}];

定位权限

导入头文件**@import CoreLocation;**  
由于iOS8.0之后定位方法的改变，需要在info.plist中进行配置；

配置文件

检查是否有定位权限

BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];
      if (!isLocation) { NSLog(@"not turn on the location");}
      CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
      switch (CLstatus) { 
      case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@"Always Authorized"); break; 
      case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse"); break; 
      case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break;
      case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; 
      case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;
      }

**获取定位权限**

这里有一个细节要注意， CLLocationManager 实例必须是全局的变量，否则授权提示弹框会一闪而过，不会一直显示。
    
    manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
    manager.delegate= self;      
    [manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息
    [manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用的时候获取定位信息

在代理方法中查看权限是否改变

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status
    {
     switch (status) { 
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@"Always Authorized"); break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse"); break; 
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; 
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break;
      case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;
    }}

推送权限

检查是否有通讯权限

UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];
     switch (settings.types) { 
     case UIUserNotificationTypeNone: NSLog(@"None"); break; 
     case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert: NSLog(@"Alert Notification"); break;     
     case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge: NSLog(@"Badge Notification"); break; 
     case UIUserNotificationTypeSound: NSLog(@"sound Notification'"); break; default: break;
    }

获取推送权限

UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];

通讯录权限

iOS9.0之前  
导入头文件 **@import AddressBook;**  
检查是否有通讯录权限

ABAuthorizationStatus ABstatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
    switch (ABstatus) {
       case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break;       
        case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied'"); break;
        case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break;
        case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;
    }
    
    获取通讯录权限
    
    ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
    ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
       if (granted)
       { NSLog(@"Authorized"); 
            CFRelease(addressBook); 
        }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
        }});
    
      iOS9.0及以后
      导入头文件 **@import Contacts;**
      检查是否有通讯录权限
    
      CNAuthorizationStatus status = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts]; 
      switch (status) {
           case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: { NSLog(@"Authorized:"); } break; 
          case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:{ NSLog(@"Denied"); } break; 
          case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:{ NSLog(@"Restricted"); } break; 
          case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:{ NSLog(@"NotDetermined"); } break; 
        }
    
     查询是否获取通讯录权限
    
      CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init]; [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
       if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }
        else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } 
      }];

日历、备忘录权限

导入头文件  
检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限

typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) { EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历     EKEntityTypeReminder //备忘 };
    
      EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];
      switch (EKstatus) { 
          case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; 
          case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied'"); break; 
          case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; 
          case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); 
          break;
         default: break;
       }
    
      查询是否获取日历或备忘录权限
    EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init];
    [store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
           if (granted) { 
                NSLog(@"Authorized"); }
            else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); }
    }];

链接：[https://www.jianshu.com/p/587f3384dbdd][https_www.jianshu.com_p_587f3384dbdd]

[https_www.jianshu.com_p_587f3384dbdd]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/587f3384dbdd