ForkJoinPool invoke、execute和submit区别

小灰灰 2022-04-23 23:14 262阅读 0赞

使用`ForkJoinPool`的时候发现执行任务的方法有：

*  invoke(ForkJoinTask task)
 *  execute(ForkJoinTask<?> task)
 *  submit(ForkJoinTask task)

三种方式，现在总结下区别。  
首先比较execute和submit的区别，观察源码发现：

/**
         * Arranges for (asynchronous) execution of the given task.
         *
         * @param task the task
         * @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
         *         scheduled for execution
         */
        public void execute(ForkJoinTask<?> task) {
            if (task == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            externalPush(task);
        }

/**
         * Submits a ForkJoinTask for execution.
         *
         * @param task the task to submit
         * @param <T> the type of the task's result
         * @return the task
         * @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
         *         scheduled for execution
         */
        public <T> ForkJoinTask<T> submit(ForkJoinTask<T> task) {
            if (task == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            externalPush(task);
            return task;
        }

从方法体和返回参数可以看出，两者逻辑大致相同，都是首先对任务做非空校验，再将任务压入执行队列，唯一的不同是submit会把任务对象本身返回，返回后我们可以通过`get()`获取方法执行结果。

再看`invoke()`

/**
         * Performs the given task, returning its result upon completion.
         * If the computation encounters an unchecked Exception or Error,
         * it is rethrown as the outcome of this invocation.  Rethrown
         * exceptions behave in the same way as regular exceptions, but,
         * when possible, contain stack traces (as displayed for example
         * using {@code ex.printStackTrace()}) of both the current thread
         * as well as the thread actually encountering the exception;
         * minimally only the latter.
         *
         * @param task the task
         * @param <T> the type of the task's result
         * @return the task's result
         * @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
         *         scheduled for execution
         */
        public <T> T invoke(ForkJoinTask<T> task) {
            if (task == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            externalPush(task);
            return task.join();
        }

和`submit()`不同的是返回`task.join()`，再看`join()`方法

/**
         * Returns the result of the computation when it {@link #isDone is
         * done}.  This method differs from {@link #get()} in that
         * abnormal completion results in {@code RuntimeException} or
         * {@code Error}, not {@code ExecutionException}, and that
         * interrupts of the calling thread do <em>not</em> cause the
         * method to abruptly return by throwing {@code
         * InterruptedException}.
         *
         * @return the computed result
         */
        public final V join() {
            int s;
            if ((s = doJoin() & DONE_MASK) != NORMAL)
                reportException(s);
            return getRawResult();
        }

首先判断任务是否执行完毕，若未执行完毕，抛出任务取消或者任务异常的异常Exception，否则获取任务执行结果。而`getRawResult()`就是取任务的结果返回。这里看判断任务执行完毕的`doJoin()`方法

/**
         * Implementation for join, get, quietlyJoin. Directly handles
         * only cases of already-completed, external wait, and
         * unfork+exec.  Others are relayed to ForkJoinPool.awaitJoin.
         *
         * @return status upon completion
         */
        private int doJoin() {
            int s; Thread t; ForkJoinWorkerThread wt; ForkJoinPool.WorkQueue w;
            return (s = status) < 0 ? s :
                ((t = Thread.currentThread()) instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) ?
                (w = (wt = (ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).workQueue).
                tryUnpush(this) && (s = doExec()) < 0 ? s :
                wt.pool.awaitJoin(w, this, 0L) :
                externalAwaitDone();
        }

这里用了多个三元运算符，整理下逻辑

*  判断当前任务的执行状态
    
     *  当前状态不是已完成
        
         *  当前线程是ForkJoin线程
            
             *  从工作队列中取出一个任务执行
         *  否则等待当前任务执行完毕

所以`invoke()`方法的调用，会一直阻塞到任务执行完成返回

总结一下：

1.  execute(ForkJoinTask) 异步执行tasks，无返回值
2.  invoke(ForkJoinTask) 有Join, tasks会被同步到主进程
3.  submit(ForkJoinTask) 异步执行，且带Task返回值，可通过task.get 实现同步到主线程