SpringCloud | 第二篇: 服务消费者（rest+ribbon）

你的名字 2022-05-10 10:36 208阅读 0赞

在上一篇文章，讲了服务的注册和发现。在微服务架构中，业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务，服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式，一种是ribbon+restTemplate，另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。

### 一、ribbon简介 ###

> Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
> 
> —–摘自官网

ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端，可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。

ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean：

*  IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
 *  IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
 *  IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
 *  ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
 *  ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
 *  ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

### 二、准备工作 ###

这一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程，启动eureka-server 工程；启动service-hi工程，它的端口为8762；将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为8763,并启动，这时你会发现：service-hi在eureka-server注册了2个实例，这就相当于一个小的集群。访问localhost:8761如图所示：

如何一个工程启动多个实例，请看这篇文章:[https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/76408139][https_blog.csdn.net_forezp_article_details_76408139]

![format_png][]

三、建一个服务消费者

重新新建一个spring-boot工程，取名为：service-ribbon;  
在它的pom.xml文件分别引入起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
        <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>service-ribbon</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    
    </project>

在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为[http://localhost:8761/eureka/][http_localhost_8761_eureka]，程序名称为 service-ribbon，程序端口为8764。配置文件application.yml如下：

eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8764
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-ribbon

在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册；并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。

@SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
        }
    
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced
        RestTemplate restTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    
    }

写一个测试类HelloService，通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费service-hi服务的“/hi”接口，在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址，在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例，根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名，代码如下：

@Service
    public class HelloService {
    
        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        public String hiService(String name) {
            return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
        }
    
    }

写一个controller，在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法，代码如下：

/**
     * Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6.
     */
    @RestController
    public class HelloControler {
    
        @Autowired
        HelloService helloService;
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
        public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
            return helloService.hiService(name);
        }
    
    
    }

在浏览器上多次访问[http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp][http_localhost_8764_hi_name_forezp]，浏览器交替显示：

> hi forezp,i am from port:8762
> 
> hi forezp,i am from port:8763

这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“[http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=][http_SERVICE-HI_hi_name]“+name,String.class)方法时，已经做了负载均衡，访问了不同的端口的服务实例。

### 四、此时的架构 ###

![此时架构图.png][.png]

*  一个服务注册中心，eureka server,端口为8761
 *  service-hi工程跑了两个实例，端口分别为8762,8763，分别向服务注册中心注册
 *  sercvice-ribbon端口为8764,向服务注册中心注册
 *  当sercvice-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-hi的hi接口时，因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡，会轮流的调用service-hi：8762和8763 两个端口的hi接口；

源码下载：[https://github.com/forezp/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter2][https_github.com_forezp_SpringCloudLearning_tree_master_chapter2]

### 五、参考资料 ###

本文参考了以下：

[spring-cloud-ribbon][]

[springcloud ribbon with eureka][]

[服务消费者][Link 1]

[https_blog.csdn.net_forezp_article_details_76408139]: https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/76408139
[format_png]: /images/20220510/1cc014c869a34c2eb144f55d0ec2e424.png
[http_localhost_8761_eureka]: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
[http_localhost_8764_hi_name_forezp]: http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp
[http_SERVICE-HI_hi_name]: http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=
[.png]: /images/20220510/bde099d0081a421fbe308023035b27fb.png
[https_github.com_forezp_SpringCloudLearning_tree_master_chapter2]: https://github.com/forezp/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter2
[spring-cloud-ribbon]: http://projects.spring.io/spring-cloud/spring-cloud.html#spring-cloud-ribbon
[springcloud ribbon with eureka]: http://blog.csdn.net/liaokailin/article/details/51469834
[Link 1]: http://blog.didispace.com/springcloud2/