安卓使用Adapter(适配器)填充ListView(列表)

朱雀 2022-05-12 17:24 253阅读 0赞

### **安卓 使用Adapter(适配器)填充ListView(列表)** ###

**一、简述**

**      记--简单的使用Adapter(适配器)填充ListView(列表)。**

![70][]

**      例子打包：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1QT3WBh033RWaz3KJYw2L2g 提取码: 4h99  (包含3个例子)**

**二、例子1--直接使用ArrayAdapter<>适配器**

**       将多个书籍名称显示到ListView。**

**      效果：**

![70 1][]

**      工程结构：**![70 2][]

**      代码：**

**      MainActivity.java文件**

package com.liang.adapter;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
    import android.widget.ListView;
    import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
    import android.app.Activity;
    
    @SuppressLint("NewApi") 
    public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            
            //准备数据 (这里直接写死，一般可以从数据库等相关数据文件中获取)
            List<String> bookList = new ArrayList<String>();
            bookList.add("红楼梦");
            bookList.add("西游记");
            bookList.add("水浒传");
            bookList.add("三国演义");
            
            //1 new一个适配器，并且将数据项的布局文件为R.layout.book_item
            ArrayAdapter<String> bookAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.book_item);
            
            //2 设置ListView的适配器
            ListView lv_books = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv_books);
            lv_books.setAdapter(bookAdapter);
            
            //3 设置Adapter的数据源
            bookAdapter.addAll(bookList);
            bookAdapter.add("Android那些事");//再添加一个数据
        }
    }

布局文件

activity\_main.xml文件  (有个ListView列表控件)

![70 3][]

book\_item.xml文件   (用来显示数据项)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:padding="5dp" />

在此基础上添加数据项的点击响应

效果：

![70 4][]

修改后的代码:MainActivity.java文件

package com.liang.adapter;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.AdapterView;
    import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
    import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
    import android.widget.ListView;
    import android.widget.TextView;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
    import android.app.Activity;
    
    @SuppressLint("NewApi") 
    public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            
            //准备数据 (这里直接写死，一般可以从数据库等相关数据文件中获取)
            List<String> bookList = new ArrayList<String>();
            bookList.add("红楼梦");
            bookList.add("西游记");
            bookList.add("水浒传");
            bookList.add("三国演义");
            
            //1 new一个适配器，并且将数据项的布局文件为R.layout.book_item
            ArrayAdapter<String> bookAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.book_item);
            
            //2 设置ListView的适配器
            ListView lv_books = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv_books);
            lv_books.setAdapter(bookAdapter);
            
            //3 设置Adapter的数据源
            bookAdapter.addAll(bookList);
            bookAdapter.add("Android那些事");//再添加一个数据
            
            //4 设置ListView数据项点击监听者   (设置点击某个数据项后的处理动作)
            lv_books.setOnItemClickListener(itemClickListener);
        }
        
        //数据项点击监听者(当数据项被点击时，)
        private OnItemClickListener itemClickListener = new OnItemClickListener() {
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) {
                //点击后的动作响应
                String bookName = ((TextView) v).getText().toString();// 获取点击的书籍的名称
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, bookName, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//弹出提示框
            }
        };
    }

**三、例子2--自定义适配器**

**        将多个书籍名称，作者显示到ListView。**

**       效果：**

**                                       **![70 5][]

**       代码结构：**

![70 6][]

**       代码文件：**

**MainActivity.java文件**

package com.liang.adapter;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.view.LayoutInflater;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.ViewGroup;
    import android.widget.AdapterView;
    import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
    import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
    import android.widget.ListView;
    import android.widget.TextView;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.Context;
    
    @SuppressLint("NewApi") 
    public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            
            //准备数据 (这里直接写死，一般可以从数据库等相关数据文件中获取)
            List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>();
            bookList.add( new Book("红楼梦", "曹雪芹") );
            bookList.add( new Book("西游记", "吴承恩") );
            bookList.add( new Book("水浒传", "施耐庵") );
            bookList.add( new Book("三国演义", "罗贯中") );
            
            //1 new一个适配器，并且将数据项的布局文件为R.layout.book_item
            BookListAdapter bookAdapter = new BookListAdapter(this, R.layout.book_item);
            
            //2 设置ListView的适配器
            ListView lv_books = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv_books);
            lv_books.setAdapter(bookAdapter);
            
            //3 设置Adapter的数据源
            bookAdapter.addAll(bookList);
            bookAdapter.add(new Book("Android那些事", "安卓") );//再添加一个数据
            
            //4 设置ListView数据项点击监听者   (设置点击某个数据项后的处理动作)
            lv_books.setOnItemClickListener(itemClickListener);
        }
        
        //数据项点击监听者(当数据项被点击时，)
        private OnItemClickListener itemClickListener = new OnItemClickListener() {
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) {
                //点击后的动作响应
            	TextView tv_name = (TextView)v.findViewById(R.id.book_name);
            	TextView tv_author = (TextView)v.findViewById(R.id.book_author);
            	
                String bookName = tv_name.getText().toString();// 获取点击的书籍的名称
                String bookAuthor = tv_author.getText().toString();// 获取点击的书籍的作者
                
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "书名:"+bookName+"\n作者:"+bookAuthor, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//弹出提示框
            }
        };
        
        //定义书类
        public class Book
        {
        	public String name;//书名字段
        	public String author;//书的作者字段
        	
        	//构造函数
        	Book(String name, String author)
        	{
        		this.name = name;
        		this.author = author;
        	}
        }
        
        //自定义适配器
        public class BookListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Book>
        {
        	private Context context;
        	private int resource;
    
    		public BookListAdapter(Context context, int resource) {
    			super(context, resource);
    			this.context = context;
    			this.resource = resource;
    		}
    		
    		@Override
    	    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    
    	        if (convertView == null) 
    	        {
    	        	//设置数据项的布局样式
    	            convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resource, parent, false);
    	        }
    
    	        //获取数据项布局里面的TextView句柄
    	        TextView bookName = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.book_name);
    	        TextView author = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.book_author);
    
    	        //获取点击的数据项信息
    	        Book book = getItem(position);
    	        
    	        //将数据项信息填充到TextView
    	        bookName.setText(book.name);
    	        author.setText(book.author);
    	        
    	        return convertView;
    	    }
        }
    }

布局文件(其它的与例子1一样)

book\_item.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:minHeight="58dp"
        android:padding="5dp">
    
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:id="@+id/book_name"
            android:gravity="center_vertical"
            android:textColor="#000"/>
    
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:id="@+id/book_author"
            android:gravity="center_vertical|right"
            android:textColor="#000"/>
    
    </LinearLayout>

四、例子3-自定义适配器( 通过构造函数传递数据)

效果：

![70 7][]

工程结构：

![70 8][]

代码文件：

MainActivity.java文件

package com.liang.adapter;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.view.LayoutInflater;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.ViewGroup;
    import android.widget.AdapterView;
    import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
    import android.widget.ImageView;
    import android.widget.ListView;
    import android.widget.TextView;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.Context;
    
    @SuppressLint("NewApi") 
    public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            
            //准备数据 (这里直接写死，一般可以从数据库等相关数据文件中获取)
            List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>();
            bookList.add( new Book(R.drawable.hongloumeng, "红楼梦", "曹雪芹") );
            bookList.add( new Book(R.drawable.xiyouji, "西游记", "吴承恩") );
            bookList.add( new Book(R.drawable.shuihuzhuan, "水浒传", "施耐庵") );
            bookList.add( new Book(R.drawable.sanguoyanyi, "三国演义", "罗贯中") );
            
            //1 new一个适配器，并且将数据项的布局文件设置为R.layout.book_item，数据源为bookList
            BookListAdapter bookAdapter = new BookListAdapter(this, R.layout.book_item, bookList);
            
            //2 设置ListView的适配器
            ListView lv_books = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv_books);
            lv_books.setAdapter(bookAdapter);
            
            //3 设置ListView数据项点击监听者   (设置点击某个数据项后的处理动作)
            lv_books.setOnItemClickListener(itemClickListener);
            
        }
        
        //数据项点击监听者(当数据项被点击时，)
        private OnItemClickListener itemClickListener = new OnItemClickListener() {
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) {
                //点击后的动作响应
            	TextView tv_name = (TextView)v.findViewById(R.id.tv_bookName);
            	TextView tv_author = (TextView)v.findViewById(R.id.tv_bookAuthor);
            	
                String bookName = tv_name.getText().toString();// 获取点击的书籍的名称
                String bookAuthor = tv_author.getText().toString();// 获取点击的书籍的作者
                
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "书名:"+bookName+"\n作者:"+bookAuthor, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//弹出提示框
            }
        };
        
        //定义书类
        public class Book
        {
        	public int image;//书籍图片
        	public String name;//书名字段
        	public String author;//书的作者字段
        	
        	//构造函数
        	Book(int image, String name, String author)
        	{
        		this.image = image;
        		this.name = name;
        		this.author = author;
        	}
        }
        
        //自定义适配器
        public class BookListAdapter extends BaseAdapter
        {
        	private List<Book> bookList;
        	private Context context;
        	private int resource;
    
    		public BookListAdapter(Context context, int resource, List<Book> bookList) {
    			this.context = context;
    			this.resource = resource;
    			this.bookList = bookList;
    		}
    		
    		@Override
    	    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    
    	        if (convertView == null) 
    	        {
    	        	//设置数据项的布局样式
    	            convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resource, parent, false);
    	        }
    
    	        //获取数据项布局里面的ImageView,TextView句柄
    	        ImageView imageView = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.book_image);
    	        TextView bookName = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_bookName);
    	        TextView author = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_bookAuthor);
    
    	        //获取点击的数据项信息
    	        Book book = bookList.get(position);
    	        
    	        //将数据项信息填充到imageView,TextView
    	        imageView.setImageResource(book.image);
    	        bookName.setText("《"+book.name+"》");
    	        author.setText("作者："+book.author);
    	        
    	        return convertView;
    	    }
    
    		@Override
    		public int getCount() {
    			return bookList.size();
    		}
    
    		@Override
    		public Object getItem(int index) {
    			return bookList.get(index);
    		}
    
    		@Override
    		public long getItemId(int index) {
    			return index;
    		}
        }
    }

R.java文件 (创建工程自带的配置文件)

/* AUTO-GENERATED FILE.  DO NOT MODIFY.
     *
     * This class was automatically generated by the
     * aapt tool from the resource data it found.  It
     * should not be modified by hand.
     */
    
    package com.liang.adapter;
    
    public final class R {
        public static final class attr {
        }
        public static final class dimen {
            public static final int activity_horizontal_margin=0x7f040000;
            public static final int activity_vertical_margin=0x7f040001;
        }
        public static final class drawable {
            public static final int defaultpic=0x7f020000;
            public static final int hongloumeng=0x7f020001;
            public static final int ic_launcher=0x7f020002;
            public static final int sanguoyanyi=0x7f020003;
            public static final int shuihuzhuan=0x7f020004;
            public static final int xiyouji=0x7f020005;
        }
        public static final class id {
            public static final int book_image=0x7f070001;
            public static final int lv_books=0x7f070000;
            public static final int tv_bookAuthor=0x7f070003;
            public static final int tv_bookName=0x7f070002;
        }
        public static final class layout {
            public static final int activity_main=0x7f030000;
            public static final int book_item=0x7f030001;
        }
        public static final class string {
            public static final int action_settings=0x7f050001;
            public static final int app_name=0x7f050000;
            public static final int hello_world=0x7f050002;
        }
        public static final class style {
            public static final int AppBaseTheme=0x7f060000;
            public static final int AppTheme=0x7f060001;
        }
    }

![70 9][]

布局文件：

activity\_main.xml文件

![70 10][]

book\_item.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    
        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/book_image"
            android:layout_width="60dp"
            android:layout_height="60dp"
            android:src="@drawable/defaultpic" />
    
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_bookName"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="30dp"
            android:layout_toEndOf="@+id/book_image"
            android:textSize="15sp"
            android:gravity="center_vertical|left"
            />
    
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_bookAuthor"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="30dp"
            android:layout_toEndOf="@+id/book_image"
            android:layout_below="@+id/tv_bookName"
            android:textSize="15sp"
            android:gravity="center_vertical|left"
            />
    
    </RelativeLayout>

![70 11][]

五、总结

1、遇到问题"Unparsed aapt error(s)! Check the console for output."

原因：资源文件夹res下的图片名字有大写，(含有特殊字符'\_' 之类的也会导致)

解决办法：将大写改为小写。

[70]: /images/20220504/de802c8bc6d94aaeb78e941ecf7dde39.png
[70 1]: /images/20220504/cbc239443d6d430ca1d468fa133f4116.png
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[70 3]: /images/20220504/c175f7f8cc514d5d94e61f39bd1e2b1a.png
[70 4]: /images/20220504/8aa2f9c02a144ad88ce48d717bd59ac9.png
[70 5]: /images/20220504/ad53eebb28664ab49d59e8b5b18114d6.png
[70 6]: /images/20220504/b7d96230996148318a6f2a25786ac1ff.png
[70 7]: /images/20220504/fdc503e77c53457f8a710cf4e2edfcf1.png
[70 8]: /images/20220504/5f69a3835a294f9983b4559e6e9604b2.png
[70 9]: /images/20220504/56e196cdbc704cf8b14f26ca2e5d1667.png
[70 10]: /images/20220504/7f7b91d9d9d34aafa09856ac5bf1cff1.png
[70 11]: /images/20220504/dad0d876017944ea9b86fc72d6486a40.png